Oxytocin enhances attention to the eye region in rhesus monkeys
Open accessAbstract
Human and non-human primates rely on the ability to perceive and interpret facial expressions to guide effective social interactions. The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) has been shown to have a critical role in the perception of social cues, and in humans to increase the number of saccades to the eye region. To develop a useful primate model for the effects of OT on information processing, we investigated the influence of OT on gaze behavior during face processing in rhesus macaques. Forty-five minutes after a single intranasal dose of either 24IU OT or saline, monkeys completed a free-viewing task during which they viewed pictures of conspecifics displaying one of three facial expressions (neutral, open-mouth threat or bared-teeth) for 5 s. The monkey was free to explore the face on the screen while the pattern of eye movements was recorded. OT did not increase overall fixations to the face compared to saline. Rather, when monkeys freely viewed conspecific faces, OT increased fixations to the eye region relative to the mouth region. This effect of OT was particularly pronounced when face position on the screen was manipulated so that the eye region was not the first facial feature seen by the monkeys. Together these findings are consistent with prior evidence in humans that intranasal administration of OT specifically enhances visual attention to the eye region compared to other informative facial features, thus validating the use of non-human primates to mechanistically explore how OT modulates social information processing and behavior.
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IN-OXT treatment increases gaze following, increases socially oriented gaze, and alters social attention in a wide variety of contexts in macaques.
“This work provides anatomical support for other findings in macaques, which indicate that IN-OXT treatment increases gaze following67, increases socially oriented gaze68, and alters social attention in a wide variety of contexts69–74.”
From Effect of age and autism spectrum disorder on oxytocin receptor density in the human basal forebrain and midbrain (2018) · cites this paper as [74]
The conventional dose of OT used in both humans and nonhuman primates is 24 IU.
“For OT (O3251; Sigma), we chose the conventional dose of 24 IU used in both humans and nonhuman primates (34, 64).”
From Oxytocin under opioid antagonism leads to supralinear enhancement of social attention (2017) · cites this paper as [64]
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“…numerous studies have indicated that OT specifically enhances attention to the eyes and often reduces attention to areas such as the mouth (Dal Monte et al., 2014, 2017; Guastella et al., 2008), which is at odds with the notion that OT increases broad salience of social cues and seems to…”
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“The innate preference for the eyes is further enhanced by IN OT in both species (Auyeung et al., 2015; Dal Monte, Noble, Costa, et al., 2014; Guastella et al., 2008).”
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- Authors
- Dal Monte, O., Noble, P. L., Costa, V. D., & Averbeck, B. B.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Averbeck, Bruno B.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 41-41
- ISSN
- 1662-453X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3939446
- OpenAlex
- W1978862899
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 13.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Keywords
- oxytocin, gaze behavior, face processing, facial expressions, rhesus monkeys, social information processing, intranasal administration, fixation, saccades, nonhuman primate model
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