Dutch Cyberbullying Victims’ experiences, perceptions, attitudes and motivations related to (coping with) Cyberbullying: Focus group interviews
Open accessAbstract
Because of the negative effects of cyberbullying; and because of its unique characteristics; interventions to stop cyberbullying are needed. For this purpose, more insightful information is needed about cyberbullying victims’ (i.e., the target group) experiences, perceptions, attitudes and motivations related to (coping with) cyberbullying. Five schools with 66 low-educated Dutch adolescents between 12 and 15 (53% female) participated in 10 focus group interviews. Results show that victims do not perceive all behaviors as cyberbullying and traditional bullying is generally perceived as worse than cyberbullying. Cyberbullies are perceived as sad, cowards and embarrassing themselves. Victims are perceived as easy targets; they wear strange clothes, act in a provocative manner and have a bad appearance. These perceptions often depend on context, the level of anonymity, being in a fight or not, the person sending the message and his/her behavior. Further, victims reacted to cyberbullying by acting nonchalant, by not actually saying anything and seeking help from others (i.e., parents are not often asked for help because they do not want to bother them; fear of restricted Internet privileges). It can be concluded that asking cyberbullying victims about their experiences in an open manner, and allowing them to discuss these experiences, likely results in new and insightful information compared to using self-reports. In this questioning the perception of adolescents is key to see what is perceived as cyberbullying.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
While there are commonalities between traditional bullying and cyberbullying, there are also factors unique to cyberbullying due to the complexity of the cyber world and the ambiguous nature of some interactions within it.
“These studies highlight that while there are commonalties between traditional bullying and cyberbullying, there are also a number of factors unique to cyberbullying due to the complexity of the cyber world and the ambiguous nature of some of the interactions which take place within it (Baas, de Jong, & Drossaert, 2013;Betts & Spenser, 2017;Jacobs, Goossens, Dehue, Völlink, & Lechner, 2015;Mishna,”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as Jacobs et al., 2015
Young people's characterization of cyberbullying was complicated by the all-consuming and complex nature of the cyber world and the ambiguous nature of many interactions within it.
“However, young people's characterization of the phenomenon was complicated by the all-consuming and complex nature of the cyber world and the ambiguous nature of many interactions that take place within it (Baas et al., 2013;Betts & Spenser, 2017;Jacobs et al., 2015;Mishna et al., 2009;Nocentini et al., 2010;Pelfrey & Weber, 2014).”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as Jacobs et al., 2015
A number of studies suggested that girls were more likely to be involved in cyberbullying as victims and perpetrators.
“However, a number of studies suggested that girls were more likely to be involved in cyberbullying as victims and perpetrators (Berne et al., 2014;Jacobs et al., 2015;Smith et al., 2008).”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as Jacobs et al., 2015
Three conceptually rich studies were purposefully read and open-coded independently by two reviewers to ensure inter-coder reliability and validity in the coding process.
“Three conceptually rich studies were identified and these were purposefully read and open-coded independently by two reviewers (RD, CS) to ensure inter-coder reliability and validity in the coding process (Jacobs et al., 2015;Mishna et al., 2009;Nocentini et al., 2010).”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as Jacobs et al., 2015
Young people perceived cyberbullies as insecure and recognized cyberbullying acts as enhancing the self-esteem of the perpetrator.
“Young people perceived cyberbullies as insecure and recognized cyberbullying acts as enhancing the self-esteem of the perpetrator (Berne et al., 2014;Betts & Spenser, 2017;Jacobs et al., 2015).”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as Jacobs et al., 2015
Victims are intentionally targeted because of physical and social characteristics including appearance, sexuality, personality, friends (or lack of) and popularity.
“It was perceived that victims are intentionally targeted because of physical and social characteristics including appearance, sexuality, personality, friends (or lack of) and popularity (Baas et al., 2013;Berne et al., 2014;Jacobs et al., 2015;Pelfrey & Weber, 2014;Topcu et al., 2013;Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008).”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as Jacobs et al., 2015
The interpretation of messages, and their effect on the recipient, is fluid and is influenced by contextual and external factors.
“It appears that the interpretation of messages, and their effect on the recipient, is fluid and is influenced by contextual and external factors (Abu Bakar, 2015;Jacobs et al., 2015;Pelfrey & Weber, 2014).”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as Jacobs et al., 2015
Repetition differentiates between a joke and an intentional attack and characterizes the severity of the action.
“It was recognized that repetition differentiates between a joke and an intentional attack and characterizes the severity of the action.(Baas et al., 2013;Jacobs et al., 2015;Naruskov et al., 2012;Nocentini et al., 2010;Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008).”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as Jacobs et al., 2015
Intent to harm was often motivated by revenge, sometimes for face-to-face bullying.
“Intent to harm was often motivated by revenge, sometimes for face-to-face bullying (Betts & Spenser, 2017;Burnham & Wright, 2012;Jacobs et al., 2015;Mishna et al., 2009;Naruskov et al., 2012;Topcu et al., 2013;Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008).”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as Jacobs et al., 2015
Visual cyberbullying, the distribution of disparaging pictures or videos online, was perceived as particularly damaging.
“Visual cyberbullying, the distribution of disparaging pictures or videos online, was perceived as particularly damaging (Jacobs et al., 2015;Mishna et al., 2009;Nocentini et al., 2010;Pelfrey & Weber, 2014;Smith et al., 2008;Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008).”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as Jacobs et al., 2015
There is a large overlap between cyberbullying and traditional bullying, with victims sometimes targets of both.
“A large overlap between cyberbullying and traditional bullying was noted, with victims sometimes targets of both (Jacobs et al., 2015;Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008).”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as Jacobs et al., 2015
Perpetrators may share photos or say mean things about others to obtain peer rewards or a higher social status through the amusement of the wider audience.
“It was suggested that perpetrators may share photos or say mean things about others to obtain peer rewards or a higher social status through the amusement of the wider audience (Berne et al., 2014;Jacobs et al., 2015;Mishna et al., 2009;Naruskov et al., 2012;Nocentini et al., 2010;Smith et al., 2008).”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as Jacobs et al., 2015
There is a tension between the desire to disclose experiences of cyberbullying to adults and young people's fear of the consequences of reporting.
“Several studies highlighted a tension between the desire to disclose their experiences of cyberbullying to adults and young people's fear of the consequences of reporting (Betts & Spenser, 2017;Burnham & Wright, 2012;Jacobs et al., 2015;Mishna et al., 2009;Smith et al., 2008).”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as Jacobs et al., 2015
Anonymity can empower those who were unlikely to become real-life bullies or who were even victims of traditional bullying to engage in bullying behaviors.
“It was reported that anonymity can “…empower those who were unlikely to become real life bullies or who were even victims of traditional bullying”, to engage in bullying behaviors (Abu Bakar, 2015;Jacobs et al., 2015;Mishna et al., 2009;Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008, p. 502).”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as Jacobs et al., 2015
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Using thematic analysis in psychology
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006) · Qualitative Research in Psychology · doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa · Cited by 194,414 · cited 1× · see citing works
“based on the questions asked in the interviews, a coding scheme was developed with main themes and subthemes (see first and second columns of Tables 3–8), using a data-driven thematic approach [63] in which we sought to find insightful information related to the research questions.”
MethodResearch Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches
Creswell, J. W. (1994) · Cited by 35,227 · see citing works
Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research
Billson, J. M. (1989) · Human Biology · Cited by 8,560 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils
Smith, P. K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x · Cited by 3,639 · cited 6× · see citing works
“A possible explanation could be that cyberbullying is in some respects like indirect bullying, in which girls are more often involved [6].”
BackgroundInfluentialTokunaga, R. S. (2010) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2009.11.014 · Cited by 2,566 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Worldwide, between 20% and 40% of adolescents are the victim of cyberbullying [1].”
BackgroundDoes tailoring matter? Meta-analytic review of tailored print health behavior change interventions
Noar, S. M., Benac, C. N., & Harris, M. S. (2007) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.4.673 · Cited by 2,136 · cited 1× · see citing works
“strategies [26]; (3) reduce both traditional and cyberbullying because they often occur together [27]; and (4) use personalized information based on unique characteristics of a person [28,29].”
BackgroundBullying, Cyberbullying, and Suicide
Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2010) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2010.494133 · Cited by 2,078 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, anxiety [7], depression, emotional distress [8], suicidality [9,10], school violence and delinquency [11]).”
BackgroundCyberbullying: Another main type of bullying?
SLONJE, R., & SMITH, P. K. (2008) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2007.00611.x · Cited by 1,844 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Subsequently, cyberbullying is seen as another form of bullying [39,43].”
BackgroundBullies Move Beyond the Schoolyard: A Preliminary Look at Cyberbullying
Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2006) · Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice · doi:10.1177/1541204006286288 · Cited by 1,701 · see citing works
Electronic Bullying Among Middle School Students
Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2007) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.08.017 · Cited by 1,580 · cited 2× · see citing works
“, confronting the bully [15], seeking social support [6,15,16,60,61] and blocking and deleting the bully [15,17,19]).”
BackgroundKrueger, R. A. (2000) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1037/10518-189 · Cited by 1,520 · see citing works
Extending the school grounds?—Bullying experiences in cyberspace
Juvonen, J., & Gross, E. F. (2008) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00335.x · Cited by 1,408 · cited 6× · see citing works
“The most common forms of cyberbullying victimization are name calling and insulting [19] or being contacted by strangers [41].”
BackgroundInfluentialPrevalence and Predictors of Internet Bullying
Williams, K. R., & Guerra, N. G. (2007) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.08.018 · Cited by 1,010 · cited 2× · see citing works
“, the bully can stay anonymous and reach a large audience in a relatively short amount of time [12]), some suggest that specific intervention programs are needed [13,14].”
BackgroundNew bottle but old wine: A research of cyberbullying in schools
Li, Q. (2005) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2005.10.005 · Cited by 978 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, pictures, videos), (their) pictures are forwarded [40] and manipulated, and humiliating websites are created [41].”
BackgroundSchneider, S. K., O'Donnell, L., Stueve, A., & Coulter, R. W. S. (2012) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300308 · Cited by 966 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, anxiety [7], depression, emotional distress [8], suicidality [9,10], school violence and delinquency [11]).”
BackgroundLi, Q. (2006) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/0143034306064547 · Cited by 953 · see citing works
The nature of cyberbullying, and strategies for prevention
Slonje, R., Smith, P. K., & Frisén, A. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.024 · Cited by 940 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Further, the interventions that currently exist do not specifically target cyberbullying [20], are often based on practical beliefs or commonsense approaches (i.”
BackgroundA meta-analysis of computer-tailored interventions for health behavior change
Krebs, P., Prochaska, J. O., & Rossi, J. S. (2010) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.06.004 · Cited by 854 · cited 1× · see citing works
“strategies [26]; (3) reduce both traditional and cyberbullying because they often occur together [27]; and (4) use personalized information based on unique characteristics of a person [28,29].”
BackgroundCyberbullying: Youngsters' experiences and parental perception
Dehue, F., Bolman, C., & Völlink, T. (2008) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2007.0008 · Cited by 802 · cited 7× · see citing works
“Examples of aggressive reactions are getting mad/angry or retaliating [2,57,58].”
BackgroundInfluentialYbarra, M. L., Diener-West, M., & Leaf, P. J. (2007) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.09.004 · Cited by 775 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This finding can be explained by the large overlap between involvement in traditional and cyberbullying [4,65]: about 40% of the adolescents who had experienced online harassment did also experienced traditional bullying [66].”
BackgroundYbarra, M. L., & Mitchell, K. J. (2004) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.03.007 · Cited by 737 · see citing works
A Large-Scale Evaluation of the KiVa Antibullying Program: Grades 4–6
Kärnä, A., Voeten, M., Little, T. D., Poskiparta, E., Kaljonen, A., & Salmivalli, C. (2011) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01557.x · Cited by 728 · cited 2× · see citing works
“87 years, the effect of the treatment condition was no longer significant), and the effects on cyberbullying and cyber victimization were modest in size [23,24].”
BackgroundCyberbullying: An overrated phenomenon?
Olweus, D. (2012) · European Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17405629.2012.682358 · Cited by 705 · see citing works
Cyberbullying in adolescents: Modalities and aggressors’ profile
Calvete, E., Orue, I., Estévez, A., Villardón, L., & Padilla, P. (2010) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.017 · Cited by 686 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Similarly, adolescents who have the tendency to think that aggression is appropriate are more likely to be a cyberbully [53].”
BackgroundCyber-Harassment: A Study of a New Method for an Old Behavior
Li, T. B. Q. (2005) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.2190/8yqm-b04h-pg4d-bllh · Cited by 670 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The literature already provides general information about cyberbullying victims’ experiences: they are called names, insulted, ignored, misled, hacked, and gossiped about via e-mail and messenger services [2,15,36–39].”
BackgroundDefining Cyberbullying: A Qualitative Research into the Perceptions of Youngsters
Vandebosch, H., & Van Cleemput, K. (2008) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2007.0042 · Cited by 663 · cited 7× · see citing works
“Furthermore, considering something as cyberbullying in this study indeed depends on the context [4,41] and the level of anonymity [48].”
BackgroundInfluentialLivingstone, S., Haddon, L., Görzig, A., & Ólafsson, K. (2011) · London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) · Cited by 631 · see citing works
Offline Consequences of Online Victimization: School Violence and Delinquency
Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2007) · Journal of School Violence · doi:10.1300/j202v06n03_06 · Cited by 619 · see citing works
Ongoing and online: Children and youth's perceptions of cyber bullying
Mishna, F., Saini, M., & Solomon, S. (2009) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.05.004 · Cited by 560 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Some studies suggest that a primary motivation for adolescents to cyberbully is anonymity [14,43–46], while for others it is not [19,47].”
BackgroundCyberbullying among youngsters: profiles of bullies and victims
Vandebosch, H., & Van Cleemput, K. (2009) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444809341263 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
Cyberbullying among Turkish Adolescents
Arıcak, O. T., Siyahhan, S., Uzunhasanoglu, A., Saribeyoglu, S., Ciplak, S., Yilmaz, N., & Memmedov, C. (2008) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2007.0016 · Cited by 493 · cited 6× · see citing works
“, confronting the bully [15], seeking social support [6,15,16,60,61] and blocking and deleting the bully [15,17,19]).”
BackgroundInfluentialSticca, F., & Perren, S. (2013) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9867-3 · Cited by 485 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Although some victims perceived cyberbullying as worse than traditional bullying (as was found in [42]), most agreed on traditional bullying being worse than cyberbullying: offline, a message cannot be deleted or ignored, and people can physically hurt you.”
BackgroundInfluentialTraditional and Nontraditional Bullying Among Youth: A Test of General Strain Theory
Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2010) · Youth & Society · doi:10.1177/0044118x10366951 · Cited by 474 · cited 1× · see citing works
“When victims do not react effectively, an incident can quickly and repeatedly reach a large audience [54,59].”
BackgroundPerren, S., Dooley, J. J., Shaw, T., & CROSS, D. S. (2010) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/1753-2000-4-28 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Bullying: Are researchers and children/youth talking about the same thing?
Vaillancourt, T., McDougall, P., Hymel, S. C., Krygsman, A., Miller, J., Stiver, K., & Davis, C. (2008) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/0165025408095553 · Cited by 406 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, [69,70]) recommend that one should explicitly ask participants about their involvement in specific negative behaviors.”
BackgroundCyberbullying: Who Are the Victims?
Katzer, C., Fetchenhauer, D., & Belschak, F. D. (2009) · Journal of Media Psychology Theories Methods and Applications · doi:10.1027/1864-1105.21.1.25 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: causes, effects, and remedies
Hoff, D. L., & Mitchell, S. N. (2009) · Journal of Educational Administration · doi:10.1108/09578230910981107 · Cited by 385 · cited 4× · see citing works
“, comfort, parents intervening) or mentioned not wanting to talk to adults because they (as found in the literature): (1) do not want to bother their parents [16]; (2) have the feeling that adults would not be able to help them [72]; (3) have the perception that their friends are more tech-savvy [15]; (4) have experie…”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Emotional Impact of Bullying and Cyberbullying on Victims: A European Cross‐National Study
Ruiz, R. O., Elipe, P., Mora-Merchán, J. A., Genta, M. L., Brighi, A., Guarini, A., Smith, P. K., Thompson, F., & Tippett, N. (2012) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.21440 · Cited by 359 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The most often mentioned aggressive strategies that were also found in the literature were getting angry [58] —which often resulted in the bully going offline, the message being changed or deleted by the bully, or in a fight—and retaliating [2,71].”
BackgroundCampbell, M. A., Spears, B. A., Slee, P. T., Butler, D., & Kift, S. (2012) · Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties · doi:10.1080/13632752.2012.704316 · Cited by 352 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, anxiety [7], depression, emotional distress [8], suicidality [9,10], school violence and delinquency [11]).”
BackgroundCyberbullying: Predicting Victimisation and Perpetration
Walrave, M., & Heirman, W. (2009) · Children & Society · doi:10.1111/j.1099-0860.2009.00260.x · Cited by 343 · cited 2× · see citing works
“, secondary vocational education as opposed to higher general secondary education and higher academic education) and are transferring to (junior) high school [30,31], an intervention should focus on this specific aged target-group.”
BackgroundPerren, S., & Gutzwiller‐Helfenfinger, E. (2012) · European Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17405629.2011.643168 · Cited by 341 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, adolescents often do not (want to) talk to adults about their cyberbullying experiences [15–19].”
BackgroundUrban Middle School Students' Perceptions of Bullying, Cyberbullying, and School Safety
Varjas, K., Henrich, C. C., & Meyers, J. P. (2009) · Journal of School Violence · doi:10.1080/15388220802074165 · Cited by 297 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This finding can be explained by the large overlap between involvement in traditional and cyberbullying [4,65]: about 40% of the adolescents who had experienced online harassment did also experienced traditional bullying [66].”
BackgroundKowalski, R. M., Limber, S. P., & Agatston, P. W. (2008) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470694176 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Machmutow, K., Perren, S., Sticca, F., & Alsaker, F. D. (2012) · Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties · doi:10.1080/13632752.2012.704310 · Cited by 281 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Asking peers for help, [15,61] however, and acting in an assertive manner [62] are often recommended and commonly used.”
BackgroundHunter, S. C., Boyle, J. M. E., & Warden, D. (2004) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1348/0007099041552378 · Cited by 265 · cited 2× · see citing works
“, comfort, parents intervening) or mentioned not wanting to talk to adults because they (as found in the literature): (1) do not want to bother their parents [16]; (2) have the feeling that adults would not be able to help them [72]; (3) have the perception that their friends are more tech-savvy [15]; (4) have experie…”
Background(2010) · Youth studies Australia · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Williford, A., Elledge, L. C., Boulton, A. J., DePaolis, K. J., Little, T. D., & Salmivalli, C. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2013.787623 · Cited by 248 · cited 3× · see citing works
“87 years, the effect of the treatment condition was no longer significant), and the effects on cyberbullying and cyber victimization were modest in size [23,24].”
BackgroundHeirman, W., & Walrave, M. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Examination of Cyberbullying Experiences among Turkish Students from Different School Types
Topçu, Ç., Erdur‐Baker, Ö., & Aydın, Y. Ç. (2008) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2007.0161 · Cited by 238 · cited 4× · see citing works
“, confronting the bully [15], seeking social support [6,15,16,60,61] and blocking and deleting the bully [15,17,19]).”
BackgroundInfluentialVöllink, T., Bolman, C. A. W., Dehue, F., & Jacobs, N. C. L. (2013) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.2142 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Self-citationCyberbullying: The New Era of Bullying
Wade, A., & Beran, T. (2011) · Canadian Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1177/0829573510396318 · Cited by 190 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, secondary vocational education as opposed to higher general secondary education and higher academic education) and are transferring to (junior) high school [30,31], an intervention should focus on this specific aged target-group.”
BackgroundFrisén, A., Jonsson, A.-K., & Persson, C. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Perren, S., Dooley, J. J., Shaw, T., & CROSS, D. S. (2010) · Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) · doi:10.5167/uzh-40250 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Kiriakidis, S. P., & Kavoura, A. (2010) · Family & Community Health · doi:10.1097/fch.0b013e3181d593e4 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Riebel, J., Jäger, R. S., & Fischer, U. C. (2009) · Psychology science · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: Prevention and Intervention to Protect Our Children and Youth
Snakenborg, J. B., Acker, R. M. V., & Gable, R. A. (2011) · Preventing School Failure Alternative Education for Children and Youth · doi:10.1080/1045988x.2011.539454 · Cited by 162 · cited 2× · see citing works
“advice based on what victims need [21]; (2) increase victims’ knowledge of effective coping”
BackgroundPerren, S., Corcoran, L., Cowie, H., Dehue, F., Garcia, D., Guckin, C. M., Ševčíková, A., Tsatsou, P., & Völlink, T. (2012) · DSpace (Open University in the Netherlands) · doi:10.4119/unibi/ijcv.244 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Interventions to prevent and reduce cyber abuse of youth: a systematic review
Mishna, F., Cook, C., Saini, M., Wu, M.-J., & MacFadden, R. (2011) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731509351988 · Cited by 154 · cited 2× · see citing works
“[22], do not affect the number of cyberbullying experiences had by students.”
BackgroundCoping strategies and perceived effectiveness in fourth through eighth grade victims of bullying
Tenenbaum, L. S., Varjas, K., Meyers, J. P., & Parris, L. N. (2011) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/0143034311402309 · Cited by 151 · cited 1× · see citing works
“strategies [26]; (3) reduce both traditional and cyberbullying because they often occur together [27]; and (4) use personalized information based on unique characteristics of a person [28,29].”
BackgroundHigh School Students’ Perceptions of Coping With Cyberbullying
Parris, L. N., Varjas, K., Meyers, J. P., & Cutts, H. (2011) · Youth & Society · doi:10.1177/0044118x11398881 · Cited by 150 · cited 1× · see citing works
“It is important to consider these topics in adolescents’ own language and words [33].”
BackgroundPrinciples of Cyberbullying Research
Bauman, S. A. (2012) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203084601 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
High school students' perceptions of motivations for cyberbullying: an exploratory study.
Varjas, K., Talley, J., Meyers, J. P., Parris, L. N., & Cutts, H. (2010) · PubMed Central · Cited by 143 · see citing works
The emergence of cyberbullying: A survey of primary school pupils’ perceptions and experiences
Monks, C. P., Robinson, S., & Worlidge, P. (2012) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/0143034312445242 · Cited by 143 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Examples of aggressive reactions are getting mad/angry or retaliating [2,57,58].”
Background3. Definitions of bullying and cyberbullying: how useful are the terms?
(2013) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · doi:10.4324/9780203084601-14 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Field, T. L., McCabe, P. M., Schneiderman, N., & Field, T. M. (2013) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203781722 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
High School Students’ Perceptions of Motivations for Cyberbullying: An Exploratory Study
Cutts, H., Parris, L. N., Meyers, J. P., Talley, J., & Varjas, K. (2010) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Cyberbullying and traditional bullying in relation to adolescents' perception of parenting.
Dehue, F., Bolman, C. A. W., Völlink, T., & Pouwelse, M. (2012) · DSpace (Open University in the Netherlands) · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Teacher, parent and student perceptions of the motives of cyberbullies
Compton, L., Campbell, M. A., & Mergler, A. (2014) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-014-9254-x · Cited by 89 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Other studies suggest avoiding retaliation or punishment [49] and boy/girlfriend break ups [50] as motivations.”
BackgroundJacobs, N. C., Völlink, T., Dehue, F., & Lechner, L. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-396 · Cited by 75 · cited 1× · see citing works
“We therefore aim to develop a cyberbullying-specific intervention for Dutch adolescents (12–15 years) who start attending secondary vocational education [32].”
BackgroundSelf-citationA qualitative study investigating adolescents' understanding of aggression, bullying and violence
Hopkins, L., Taylor, L. M., Bowen, E., & Wood, C. P. (2013) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.01.012 · Cited by 61 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Furthermore, although some research mentions that boys are more often the perpetrators of cyberbullying [2,68], a prominent finding of the present study is that mostly girls perpetrated in the above mentioned behaviors.”
BackgroundOnline privacy control via anonymity and pseudonym: Cross-cultural implications
Chen, H., Chen, C. C., Lo, L., & Yang, S. C. (2008) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/01449290601156817 · Cited by 59 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Furthermore, considering something as cyberbullying in this study indeed depends on the context [4,41] and the level of anonymity [48].”
BackgroundResearch into Cyberbullying: Student Perspectives on Cybersafe Learning Environments
Stacey, E. (2009) · Informatics in Education · doi:10.15388/infedu.2009.08 · Cited by 42 · cited 2× · see citing works
“, confronting the bully [15], seeking social support [6,15,16,60,61] and blocking and deleting the bully [15,17,19]).”
BackgroundInvited expert discussion paper Cyberbullying: An overrated phenomenon?
Olweus, D. (2012) · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Adolescent Bullies on Cyber Island
Strom, P. S., Strom, R. D., Walker, J., Sindel-Arrington, T., & Beckert, T. E. (2011) · NASSP Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0192636511418641 · Cited by 14 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Other studies suggest avoiding retaliation or punishment [49] and boy/girlfriend break ups [50] as motivations.”
BackgroundThe 300th birthday of Jean-Jacques Rousseau: An introduction by the editor
Koops, W. (2012) · European Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17405629.2012.733311 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 77 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Athanasiou, K., Melegkovits, E. A., Andrie, E. K., Magoulas, C., Tzavara, C. K., Richardson, C., Greydanus, D. E., Tsolia, M. N., & Τσίτσικα, Ά. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5682-4 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Digital Literacy and Online Resilience as Facilitators of Young People’s Well-Being?
Vissenberg, J., d’Haenens, L., & Livingstone, S. (2022) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000478 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
The Role of User Behaviour in Improving Cyber Security Management
Moustafa, A. A., Bello, A., & Maurushat, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.561011 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
“…studies are in the field of cyber bullying which falls outside of the scope of this paper, but other studies have been incorporated into sections of this paper (West, 2008; Goodboy and Martin, 2015; Jacobs et al., 2015; Alonso and Romero, 2017; Rodriguez-Enriquez et al., 2019; Curtis et al., 2021).”
BackgroundDennehy, R., Meaney, S., Walsh, K. A., Sinnott, C., Cronin, M., & Arensman, E. (2020) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2020.101379 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Giménez-Gualdo, A. M., Sánchez, P. A., Ramírez, F. C., & Prodócimo, E. (2018) · Comunicar · doi:10.3916/c56-2018-03 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Socioeconomic Effects in Cyberbullying: Global Research Trends in the Educational Context
Menéses, E. L., Cano, E. V., González-Zamar, M.-D., & Abad‐Segura, E. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17124369 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Dennehy, R., Meaney, S., Cronin, M. E., & Arensman, E. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104872 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
"They basically like destroyed the school one day"
Singh, V. K., Radford, M. L., Huang, Q., & Furrer, S. (2017) · ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1145/2998181.2998279 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The design, construction and evaluation of annotated Arabic cyberbullying corpus
Shannag, F., HAMMO, B. H., & Faris, H. (2022) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-022-11056-x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“For instance, ten focus groups of 66 low-educated Dutch adolescents discussed the Dutch CB Victims’ experiences, perceptions, and attitudes (Jacobs et al., 2015).”
BackgroundBradbury, S. L., Dubow, E. F., & Domoff, S. E. (2018) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-018-0812-y · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“…reasons adolescents may not go to parents or other adults for help with cyber-problems may include: they did not want to bother their parents, they felt that talking to their teacher wasn’t always useful, and that it is their own problem so they should solve it on their own (Jacobs et al. 2015).”
BackgroundBastiaensens, S., Cleemput, K. V., Vandebosch, H., Poels, K., DeSmet, A., & Bourdeaudhuij, I. D. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04960-7_7 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Espino, E., Guarini, A., & Rey, R. D. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-04213-5 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“…overconfidence in their own ability to cope (Chen & Zhu, 2021; Jacobs et al., 2015), failure to recognise some forms of cyberaggressions (Jacobs et al., 2015), and even a refusal to accept the negative feelings that result from involvement in these incidents, which may be perceived as…”
BackgroundGiménez-Gualdo, A. M., Arnaiz-Sánchez, P., Ramírez, F. C., & Prodócimo, E. (2018) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Conceptualizing the impacts of cyberbullying victimization among Korean male adolescents
Lee, S., & Chun, J. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105275 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Pabian, S., Erreygers, S., Vandebosch, H., Royen, K. V., Dare, J., Costello, L. N., Green, L., Hawk, D. V., & CROSS, D. S. (2018) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.01.007 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Nagar, P. M., & Talwar, V. (2023) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2023.104922 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Jacobs, N. C. L., Völlink, T., Dehue, F., & Lechner, L. (2015) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc5020460 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Development of a cyber security awareness strategy using focus group discussion
Yunos, Z., Hamid, R. S. A., & Ahmad, M. (2016) · 2016 SAI Computing Conference (SAI) · doi:10.1109/sai.2016.7556109 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Heiman, T., & Olenik-Shemesh, D. (2017) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2016.1228725 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“It appears that victims of cyberbullying turn to their friends to obtain support and advice (Dehue, Boiman, & Vollink, 2008; Jacobs et al., 2015; Slonje & Smith, 2008).”
BackgroundChen, Q. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01879-3 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“…not report cyberbullying victimization or incidents they witness to adults due to several reasons: they feel that parents cannot help, they do not want to burden their parents, they perceive that teachers do not react to cyberbullying incidents, or they prefer to solve problems by themselves [28].”
BackgroundThe Role of Emotions, Moral Disengagement and Gender in Supporting Victims of Bullying
Cabrera, M. C., Rubio, E. L., & Jiménez, S. Y. (2020) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci10120365 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Defending victims is an efficient measure to stop bullying [10,11].”
BackgroundHeiman, T., Olenik-Shemesh, D., & Frank, G. (2019) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/0886-6708.34.1.28 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Malestar psicológico y apoyo psicosocial en víctimas de ciberbullying
Ortega-Barón, J., & Carrascosa, L. L. (2018) · International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology Revista INFAD de psicología · doi:10.17060/ijodaep.2018.n1.v2.1241 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Spadafora, N., Volk, A. A., & Dane, A. V. (2022) · International Journal of Bullying Prevention · doi:10.1007/s42380-022-00116-y · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Characteristics and Dynamics of Cyberstalking Victimization Among Juveniles and Young Adults
Walsh, W. A., David Finkelhor, B., & Turner, H. A. (2024) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/10778012231225238 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“This is similar to other studies that fi nd low rates of reporting (Betts & Spenser, 2017; Burham & Wright, 2012; Fisher et al., 2016; Reyns & Englebrecht, 2014).”
InfluentialWoo, W. H., Chua, H. N., & Gan, M. F. (2023) · International Journal on Perceptive and Cognitive Computing · doi:10.31436/ijpcc.v9i1.374 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“For example, [14] found that jealousy drives cyberbullying propensity, and [15] reported that vengeance as the intent is a motivating factor.”
BackgroundCyberbullying of children: Challenges of victim support
Paunović, N. (2018) · Temida · doi:10.2298/tem1802249p · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Finally, there is seeking support coping mechanism, which means that the child victim is looking for support in general, but also specify the source of support, e.g., parents, teachers, siblings/family, friends (Jacobs et al., 2015: 54; Sticca et al., 2015: 517).”
BackgroundFactors leading to cyber victimization
Macaulay, P. J. R., Steer, O. L., & Betts, L. R. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816203-3.00001-0 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: Where Are We Now? A Cross-National Understanding
Mc Guckin, C., & Corcoran, L. (2017) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-03842-311-9 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
de Groot, R., Kaal, H., & Stol, W. (2019) · International Journal of Qualitative Methods · doi:10.1177/1609406919857978 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
MacPherson, E., & Kerr, G. A. (2023) · International Journal of Sport Communication · doi:10.1123/ijsc.2023-0142 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Cyberbullying in teenagers – a true burden in the era of online socialization
Balas, R. B., Meliţ, L. E., Sarkozi, D., Ghiga, D. V., & Mărginean, C. O. (2023) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000034051 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Rakić, L., Santric-Milicevic, M. M., Nikolić, D., Vasić, M., BABIC, U. U., Todorović, J., Terzić-Šupić, Z., & Milenković, S. M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18147443 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Altundağ, Y., & Ayas, T. (2020) · TED EĞİTİM VE BİLİM · doi:10.15390/eb.2020.8350 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Nagar, P. M., & Talwar, V. (2023) · Computers in the Schools · doi:10.1080/07380569.2023.2256714 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Despite this, several teens report that they are disinclined to seek support from the adults in their life because they perceive adult support as unhelpful (Atkins, 2020; Ertesvåg, 2016; Jacobs et al., 2015).”
Nagar, P. M., & Talwar, V. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100110 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Measurement Issues Relevant to Qualitative Studies
Maran, D. A., & Begotti, T. (2021) · doi:10.1002/9781118482650.ch13 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Zanetti, M. A., & Colangelo, R. M. (2018) · MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL INFANZIA · doi:10.3280/mal2018-001002 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Stop Online Bullies: The advantages and disadvantages of a standalone intervention
Dehue, F., Völlink, T., Günther, N., & Jacobs, N. C. L. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811423-0.00013-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Q Methodology as an Innovative Addition to Bullying Researchers’ Methodological Repertoire
Lundberg, A., & Hellström, L. (2022) · International Journal of Bullying Prevention · doi:10.1007/s42380-022-00127-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“For this reason, a single-item approach, in which no definition of bullying is provided, allows researchers to ask follow-up questions about perceptions and contexts and enables participants to enrich the discussion by adjusting their answers based on the suggestions and opinions of others (Jacobs et al., 2015).”
BackgroundThe Perspective of School-Age Adolescents on Cyberbullying in Türkiye: A Qualitative Study
Doğan, T., Erbiçer, E. S., Akın, E., Koçtürk, N., Koca, D. B., Boranlı, E. N., & Metin, A. (2023) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-023-10072-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Onditi, H. Z. (2017) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0343970 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“With the exception of a few studies (Jacobs et al., 2015; Machackova et al., 2013) that asked cybervictims about the efficacy of various coping strategies, most studies have evaluated coping across the entire sample of students (victims and non-victims) (Machmutow et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialPemetaan pola keragaman konten perilaku perundungan daring pada remaja melalui media sosial
Murwani, E. (2023) · Jurnal Studi Komunikasi (Indonesian Journal of Communications Studies) · doi:10.25139/jsk.v7i1.6105 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Development of the Cyberbullying Awareness Scale for adolescents: Validity and reliability study
Yurdakul, Y., & Ayhan, A. B. (2024) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.23178 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
PERCEPCIJA NASILJA PREKO INTERNETA IZ PERSPEKTIVE UČENIKA I NASTAVNIKA
Milić, M. (2020) · Annual of Social Work · doi:10.3935/ljsr.v27i1.335 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Spears, B. A., & Taddeo, C. M. (2021) · doi:10.1002/9781118482650.ch47 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kinanti, D. R., & Hartati, N. (2018) · Tazkiya Journal of Psychology · doi:10.15408/tazkiya.v22i2.8400 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Web InBasket serious game to prevent cyberbullying among Italian preadolescents
Colella, G. M., Palermiti, A. L., Bartolo, M. G., Servidio, R. C., Mendicelli, A., Ielasi, D., & Costabile, A. (2022) · IEEE International Conference on Metrology for eXtended Reality, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Engineering (MetroXRAINE) · doi:10.1109/metroxraine54828.2022.9967518 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“To better design the SG, two focus groups were conducted with school-preadolescents’ participants as moments to share experiences, affects, and thoughts insightful for researchers and provided an opportunity to refocus negative consequences for victims of cyberbullying ([14], [15]) and ideas for the development of in-…”
BackgroundFedunina, N. Y. (2015) · Психологические исследования · doi:10.54359/ps.v8i41.541 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Relva, I. C., Simões, M., & Monteiro, A. P. (2022) · Advances in social networking and online communities book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-5426-8.ch010 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bradbury, S. L. (2016) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
Twitter Profiles of Organisations Fighting Against Cyberbullying and Bullying
Alim, S. (2017) · International Journal of Cyber Behavior Psychology and Learning · doi:10.4018/ijcbpl.2017070104
Osborne, C. M. (2018) · Digital Commons (Liberty University)
Researching Cyberbullying: A Colourful Palette of Methods and Experiences
Vandebosch, H., & Pabian, S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-41574-6_30
Teacher Experience of Guidance and Counseling in Treating Youth with Cyberbullying Case
Rinjani, S., Suryani, S., Sriati, A., & Nugraha, A. (2024) · IJNP (Indonesian Journal of Nursing Practices) · doi:10.18196/ijnp.v7i2.17675 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Song, H., Kim, Y., & Lee, S.-S. (2025) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2025.2450237
“Evidence from qualitative studies suggests that seeking approval of or popularity among peers can be one of the motives for one’s involvement in cyberbullying (Berne, Frisén, and Kling 2014; Jacobs et al. 2015; Varjas et al. 2010).”
Nguyen, D. T., Nguyen, B. T. N., Nguyen, N. P. H., Nguyen, T., & Nguyen, Q.-A. N. (2025) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-025-00535-w · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…stem from fears of losing digital privileges imposed by parents or overestimating their ability to handle the situation independently; victims often perceive cyberbullying as an unsolvable issue, feel power-less, and resort to escaping psychological distress (Chen & Zhu, 2022; Jacobs et al., 2015).”
Menabò, L., Roga, F., Gea, S. F., Ginocchio, D., & Guarini, A. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16030435
“At a general level, students most frequently mentioned comments and insults, threats, and the sharing of embarrassing content as the most salient forms of cyberbullying (e.g., Feng, 2021; Iqbal & Jami, 2022; Jacobs et al., 2015).”
InfluentialDo, L., Nguyen, C.-T. P., Nguyen, Q. N., Tran, T., Phan, M. T., & Nguyen, P. (2026) · Social Sciences & Humanities Open · doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2026.103527 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Jacobs, N., Goossens, L., Dehue, F., Völlink, T., & Lechner, L.
- Affiliations
- Open University of the Netherlands (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Jacobs, Niels
- Venue
- Societies
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2015-01-13
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 43-64
- ISSN
- 2075-4698 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2063049967
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 11.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Societies (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- DSpace (Open University in the Netherlands) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Keywords
- cyberbullying, cyberbullying victims, adolescents, victim perceptions, victim attitudes, perceived anonymity, traditional bullying, victim stereotypes, help-seeking, Dutch adolescents
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
