Structural magnetic resonance imaging for the early diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease in people with mild cognitive impairment
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease is the symptomatic predementia phase of Alzheimer's disease dementia, characterised by cognitive and functional impairment not severe enough to fulfil the criteria for dementia. In clinical samples, people with amnestic MCI are at high risk of developing Alzheimer's disease dementia, with annual rates of progression from MCI to Alzheimer's disease estimated at approximately 10% to 15% compared with the base incidence rates of Alzheimer's disease dementia of 1% to 2% per year. OBJECTIVES: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the early diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease in people with MCI versus the clinical follow-up diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease dementia as a reference standard (delayed verification). To investigate sources of heterogeneity in accuracy, such as the use of qualitative visual assessment or quantitative volumetric measurements, including manual or automatic (MRI) techniques, or the length of follow-up, and age of participants. MRI was evaluated as an add-on test in addition to clinical diagnosis of MCI to improve early diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease in people with MCI. SEARCH METHODS: On 29 January 2019 we searched Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement's Specialised Register and the databases, MEDLINE, Embase, BIOSIS Previews, Science Citation Index, PsycINFO, and LILACS. We also searched the reference lists of all eligible studies identified by the electronic searches. SELECTION CRITERIA: We considered cohort studies of any size that included prospectively recruited people of any age with a diagnosis of MCI. We included studies that compared the diagnostic test accuracy of baseline structural MRI versus the clinical follow-up diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease dementia (delayed verification). We did not exclude studies on the basis of length of follow-up. We included studies that used either qualitative visual assessment or quantitative volumetric measurements of MRI to detect atrophy in the whole brain or in specific brain regions, such as the hippocampus, medial temporal lobe, lateral ventricles, entorhinal cortex, medial temporal gyrus, lateral temporal lobe, amygdala, and cortical grey matter. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Four teams of two review authors each independently reviewed titles and abstracts of articles identified by the search strategy. Two teams of two review authors each independently assessed the selected full-text articles for eligibility, extracted data and solved disagreements by consensus. Two review authors independently assessed the quality of studies using the QUADAS-2 tool. We used the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) model to fit summary ROC curves and to obtain overall measures of relative accuracy in subgroup analyses. We also used these models to obtain pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity when sufficient data sets were available. MAIN RESULTS: We included 33 studies, published from 1999 to 2019, with 3935 participants of whom 1341 (34%) progressed to Alzheimer's disease dementia and 2594 (66%) did not. Of the participants who did not progress to Alzheimer's disease dementia, 2561 (99%) remained stable MCI and 33 (1%) progressed to other types of dementia. The median proportion of women was 53% and the mean age of participants ranged from 63 to 87 years (median 73 years). The mean length of clinical follow-up ranged from 1 to 7.6 years (median 2 years). Most studies were of poor methodological quality due to risk of bias for participant selection or the index test, or both. Most of the included studies reported data on the volume of the total hippocampus (pooled mean sensitivity 0.73 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64 to 0.80); pooled mean specificity 0.71 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.77); 22 studies, 2209 participants). This evidence was of low certainty due to risk of bias and inconsistency. Seven studies reported data on the atrophy of the medial temporal lobe (mean sensitivity 0.64 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.73); mean specificity 0.65 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.76); 1077 participants) and five studies on the volume of the lateral ventricles (mean sensitivity 0.57 (95% CI 0.49 to 0.65); mean specificity 0.64 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.70); 1077 participants). This evidence was of moderate certainty due to risk of bias. Four studies with 529 participants analysed the volume of the total entorhinal cortex and four studies with 424 participants analysed the volume of the whole brain. We did not estimate pooled sensitivity and specificity for the volume of these two regions because available data were sparse and heterogeneous. We could not statistically evaluate the volumes of the lateral temporal lobe, amygdala, medial temporal gyrus, or cortical grey matter assessed in small individual studies. We found no evidence of a difference between studies in the accuracy of the total hippocampal volume with reg
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A review summarising 33 studies in structural neuroimaging for the early diagnosis of AD in people with MCI concluded there is a lack of systematic approach in data collection, analysis and interpretation.
“a review summarising 33 studies in structural neuroimaging for the early diagnosis of AD in people with MCI (including 3935 participants) concluded that there is lack of systematic approach in data collection, analysis and interpretation [24].”
From The use of neuroimaging techniques in the early and differential diagnosis of dementia (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
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Glucometabolic Changes Are Associated with Structural Gray Matter Alterations in Prodromal Dementia
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T1-Weighted Imaging-Based Hippocampal Radiomics in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease
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Visual-Saliency-Based Abnormality Detection for MRI Brain Images—Alzheimer’s Disease Analysis
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Corneal nerve loss predicts dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment
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Quantification of perforant path fibers for early detection of Alzheimer's disease
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Alzheimer's disease classification for MRI images using Convolutional Neural Networks
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- Authors
- Lombardi, G., Crescioli, G., Cavedo, E., Lucenteforte, E., Casazza, G., Bellatorre, A.-G., Lista, C., Costantino, G., Frisoni, G., Virgili, G., & Filippini, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Florence (IT)
- Sorbonne Université (FR)
- University of Pisa (IT)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Azienda sanitaria universitaria Friuli Centrale (IT)
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (IT)
- University of Geneva (CH)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-03-02
- Volume
- 2020
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- CD009628-CD009628
- ISSN
- 1361-6137 (ISSN-L)
- 1465-1858
- PMC
- PMC7059964
- OpenAlex
- W3009532950
- Cited by
- 214
- References
- 391
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 13
- FWCI
- 4.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa) (submittedVersion)
- Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- structural MRI, Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, early diagnosis, dementia, diagnostic accuracy, brain atrophy, hippocampal atrophy, medial temporal lobe, entorhinal cortex, amygdala, lateral ventricle, gray matter atrophy, volumetric MRI, visual assessment, conversion to dementia, white matter hyperintensities, amyloid imaging, neurodegeneration biomarkers, medial temporal lobe atrophy
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Atrophy, Brain, Hippocampus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Middle Aged, Organ Size, Prospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Temporal Lobe, Disease Progression, Entorhinal Cortex, Lateral Ventricles, Neuroimaging, Cognitive Dysfunction
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