The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Physical Implementation of Quantum Computation
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Quantum computers require both high-fidelity operations and large qubit numbers to surpass classical capabilities1.”
From A 98-qubit trapped-ion quantum computer with all-to-all connectivity (2026) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“One of the criteria is that the level of noise affecting the physical gates is sufficiently low.”
From Quantum computing with realistically noisy devices (2005) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“The number of resources needed for precise simulation of continuous-time dynamics of a many-body system by stroboscopic digital applications of local gates might be enormous [64].”
From Can one trust quantum simulators? (2012) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“In the presence of errors, however, ensuring reliability to a desired precision has profound implications for efficiency even in a digital simulator on a fault-tolerant quantum computer [64, 117].”
From Can one trust quantum simulators? (2012) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, Brown et al. showed that for a small number of qubits where one might avoid error correction, analog control errors on the logic gates can lead to faulty results, negating requirement (c), and robust control pulses become essential.”
From Can one trust quantum simulators? (2012) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“The result is that a fault-tolerant implementation of the Trotter expansion requires a number of gates and time to perform the simulation that grows exponentially with the degree of precision required, for a fixed number of particles being simulated.”
From Can one trust quantum simulators? (2012) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“Indeed, as discussed above, a fault-tolerant implementation of the standard approach based on the Trotter expansion [98] comes at the cost of an overhead in the number of gates and time required that grows exponentially with the degree of precision required [64, 120].”
From Can one trust quantum simulators? (2012) · cites this paper as [64]
Citations
Cites
Quantum Computation and Quantum Information
Nielsen, M. A., Chuang, I., & Grover, L. K. (2002) · American Journal of Physics · doi:10.1119/1.1463744 · Cited by 21,895
Teleporting an unknown quantum state via dual classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channels
Bennett, C. H., Brassard, G., Crépeau, C., Jozsa, R., Peres, A., & Wootters, W. K. (1993) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.70.1895 · Cited by 13,703
Algorithms for quantum computation: discrete logarithms and factoring
Shor, P. W. (2002) · Proceedings 35th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science · doi:10.1109/sfcs.1994.365700 · Cited by 8,713
Polynomial-time algorithms for prime factorization and discrete logarithms on a quantum computer
Shor, P. W. (1997) · SIAM Journal on Computing · doi:10.1137/s0097539795293172 · Cited by 8,472
Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing
Bennett, C. H., & Brassard, G. (2014) · Theoretical Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.tcs.2014.05.025 · Cited by 8,299
Quantum computation with quantum dots
Loss, D., & DiVincenzo, D. P. (1998) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.57.120 · Cited by 6,840
Self-citationExperimental quantum teleportation
Bouwmeester, D., Pan, J.-W., Mattle, K., Eibl, M., Weinfurter, H., & Zeilinger, A. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/37539 · Cited by 5,545
Elementary gates for quantum computation
Barenco, A., Bennett, C. H., Cleve, R., DiVincenzo, D. P., Margolus, N., Shor, P., Sleator, T., Smolin, J. A., & Weinfurter, H. (1995) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.52.3457 · Cited by 4,311
Self-citationQuantum Mechanics Helps in Searching for a Needle in a Haystack
Grover, L. K. (1997) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.79.325 · Cited by 4,306
Experimental Test of Bell's Inequalities Using Time- Varying Analyzers
Aspect, A., Dalibard, J., & Roger, G. (1982) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.49.1804 · Cited by 3,942
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics
Knill, E., Laflamme, R., & Milburn, G. J. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35051009 · Cited by 5,880
Degen, C. L., Reinhard, F., & Cappellaro, P. (2017) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.89.035002 · Cited by 4,045
Ladd, T. D., Jelezko, F., Laflamme, R., Nakamura, Y., Monroe, C., & O’Brien, J. L. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08812 · Cited by 3,592
Charge-insensitive qubit design derived from the Cooper pair box
Koch, J., Yu, T. M., Gambetta, J., Houck, A. A., Schuster, D. I., Majer, J., Blais, A., Devoret, M. H., Girvin, S. M., & Schoelkopf, R. J. (2007) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.76.042319 · Cited by 3,351
Ludlow, A. D., Boyd, M. M., Ye, J., Peik, E., & Schmidt, P. O. (2015) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.87.637 · Cited by 2,385
Observation of coherent optical information storage in an atomic medium using halted light pulses
Liu, C., Dutton, Z., Behroozi, C. H., & Hau, L. V. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35054017 · Cited by 2,217
Architecture for a large-scale ion-trap quantum computer
Kielpinski, D., Monroe, C., & Wineland, D. J. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature00784 · Cited by 1,589
Quantum computation and quantum-state engineering driven by dissipation
Verstraete, F., Wolf, M. M., & Ignacio Cirac, J. (2009) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys1342 · Cited by 1,570
Universal quantum computation with ideal Clifford gates and noisy ancillas
Bravyi, S., & Kitaev, A. (2005) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.71.022316 · Cited by 1,525
Trapped-ion quantum computing: Progress and challenges
Bruzewicz, C. D., Chiaverini, J., McConnell, R., & Sage, J. M. (2019) · Applied Physics Reviews · doi:10.1063/1.5088164 · Cited by 1,483
Quantum register based on individual electronic and nuclear spin qubits in diamond
Dutt, M. V. G., Childress, L., Jiang, L., Togan, E., Maze, J., Jelezko, F., Zibrov, A. S., Hemmer, P. R., & Lukin, M. D. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1139831 · Cited by 1,287
NMR techniques for quantum control and computation
Vandersypen, L. M. K., & Chuang, I. L. (2005) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.76.1037 · Cited by 1,217
Quantum computing with realistically noisy devices
Knill, E. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03350 · Cited by 1,184
Quantum computing with trapped ions
HAFFNER, H., ROOS, C., & BLATT, R. (2008) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2008.09.003 · Cited by 1,154
Experimental demonstration of a robust, high-fidelity geometric two ion-qubit phase gate
Leibfried, D., DeMarco, B., Meyer, V., Lucas, D., Barrett, M., Britton, J., Itano, W. M., Jelenković, B., Langer, C., Rosenband, T., et al. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01492 · Cited by 1,083
Jaksch, D., & Zoller, P. (2005) · Annals of Physics · doi:10.1016/j.aop.2004.09.010 · Cited by 976
Universal quantum computation with the exchange interaction
DiVincenzo, D. P., Bacon, D., Kempe, J., Burkard, G., & Whaley, K. B. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35042541 · Cited by 924
Self-citationLounis, B., & Orrit, M. (2005) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/0034-4885/68/5/r04 · Cited by 908
Goals and opportunities in quantum simulation
Cirac, J. I., & Zoller, P. (2012) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys2275 · Cited by 891
Realization of the Cirac–Zoller controlled-NOT quantum gate
Schmidt-Kaler, F., Häffner, H., Riebe, M., Gulde, S., Lancaster, G. P. T., Deuschle, T., Becher, C., Roos, C. F., Eschner, J., & Blatt, R. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01494 · Cited by 875
Deterministic Single-Photon Source for Distributed Quantum Networking
Kuhn, A., Hennrich, M., & Rempe, G. (2002) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.89.067901 · Cited by 859
Programmable Quantum Simulations of Spin Systems with Trapped Ions
Monroe, C., Campbell, W. C., Duan, L. M., Gong, Z. X., Gorshkov, A. V., Hess, P., Islam, R., Kim, K., Linke, N., Pagano, G., et al. (2019) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1912.07845 · Cited by 806
Demonstration of a small programmable quantum computer with atomic qubits
Debnath, S., Linke, N. M., Figgatt, C., Landsman, K. A., Wright, K., & Monroe, C. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature18648 · Cited by 777
Quantum simulation of frustrated Ising spins with trapped ions
Kim, K., Chang, M.-S., Korenblit, S., Islam, R., Edwards, E. E., Freericks, J. K., Lin, G.-D., Duan, L.-M., & Monroe, C. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09071 · Cited by 750
The quest for a Quantum Neural Network
Schuld, M., Sinayskiy, I., & Petruccione, F. (2014) · Quantum Information Processing · doi:10.1007/s11128-014-0809-8 · Cited by 671
Photonic quantum information processing: a concise review
Slussarenko, S., & Pryde, G. J. (2019) · Applied Physics Reviews · doi:10.1063/1.5115814 · Cited by 644
A Survey on quantum computing technology
Gyongyosi, L., & Imre, S. (2019) · Computer Science Review · doi:10.1016/j.cosrev.2018.11.002 · Cited by 646
All-photonic quantum repeaters
Azuma, K., Tamaki, K., & Lo, H.-K. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms7787 · Cited by 583
Photon-blockade-induced Mott transitions and X Y spin models in coupled cavity arrays
Angelakis, D. G., Santos, M. F., & Bose, S. (2007) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.76.031805 · Cited by 565
Realization of quantum error correction
Chiaverini, J., Leibfried, D., Schaetz, T., Barrett, M. D., Blakestad, R. B., Britton, J., Itano, W. M., Jost, J. D., Knill, E., Langer, C., et al. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03074 · Cited by 517
Self-citationExperimental comparison of two quantum computing architectures
Linke, N. M., Maslov, D., Roetteler, M., Debnath, S., Figgatt, C., Landsman, K. A., Wright, K., & Monroe, C. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1618020114 · Cited by 508
Manipulation and detection of a trappedYb+hyperfine qubit
Olmschenk, S., Younge, K. C., Moehring, D. L., Matsukevich, D. N., Maunz, P., & Monroe, C. (2007) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.76.052314 · Cited by 464
Harnessing Disordered-Ensemble Quantum Dynamics for Machine Learning
Fujii, K., & Nakajima, K. (2017) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.8.024030 · Cited by 337
Layered architecture for quantum computing
Jones, N. C., Van Meter, R., Fowler, A. G., McMahon, P. L., Kim, J., Ladd, T. D., & Yamamoto, Y. (2012) · Physical Review X · doi:10.1103/physrevx.2.031007 · Cited by 332
High-fidelity spin entanglement using optimal control
Dolde, F., Bergholm, V., Wang, Y., Jakobi, I., Naydenov, B., Pezzagna, S., Meijer, J., Jelezko, F., Neumann, P., Schulte-Herbrüggen, T., et al. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms4371 · Cited by 325
Can one trust quantum simulators?
Hauke, P., Cucchietti, F. M., Tagliacozzo, L., Deutsch, I., & Lewenstein, M. (2012) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/0034-4885/75/8/082401 · Cited by 315
Perspectives on quantum transduction
Lauk, N., Sinclair, N., Barzanjeh, S., Covey, J. P., Saffman, M., Spiropulu, M., & Simon, C. (2020) · Quantum Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/2058-9565/ab788a · Cited by 305
Realization of Real-Time Fault-Tolerant Quantum Error Correction
Ryan-Anderson, C., Bohnet, J. G., Lee, K., Gresh, D., Hankin, A., Gaebler, J. P., Francois, D., Chernoguzov, A., Lucchetti, D., Brown, N. C., et al. (2021) · Physical Review X · doi:10.1103/physrevx.11.041058 · Cited by 306
High-Rate, High-Fidelity Entanglement of Qubits Across an Elementary Quantum Network
Stephenson, L. J., Nadlinger, D. P., Nichol, B. C., An, S., Drmota, P., Ballance, T. G., Thirumalai, K., Goodwin, J. F., Lucas, D. M., & Ballance, C. J. (2020) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.124.110501 · Cited by 291
Complete Methods Set for Scalable Ion Trap Quantum Information Processing
Home, J. P., Hanneke, D., Jost, J. D., Amini, J. M., Leibfried, D., & Wineland, D. J. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1177077 · Cited by 283
Quantum interference of photon pairs from two remote trapped atomic ions
Maunz, P., Moehring, D. L., Olmschenk, S., Younge, K. C., Matsukevich, D. N., & Monroe, C. (2007) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys644 · Cited by 268
Quantum computing for healthcare: a review
Ur Rasool, R., Ahmad, H. F., Rafique, W., Qayyum, A., Qadir, J., & Anwar, Z. (2023) · Future Internet · doi:10.3390/fi15030094 · Cited by 242
Robust Creation of Entanglement between Ions in Spatially Separate Cavities
Browne, D. E., Plenio, M. B., & Huelga, S. F. (2003) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.91.067901 · Cited by 234
Impact of ionizing radiation on superconducting qubit coherence
Vepsäläinen, A. P., Karamlou, A. H., Orrell, J. L., Dogra, A. S., Loer, B., Vasconcelos, F., Kim, D. K., Melville, A. J., Niedzielski, B. M., Yoder, J. L., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2619-8 · Cited by 230
Theory of Control of the Spin-Photon Interface for Quantum Networks
Yao, W., Liu, R.-B., & Sham, L. J. (2005) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.95.030504 · Cited by 208
QASMBench: A Low-Level Quantum Benchmark Suite for NISQ Evaluation and Simulation
Li, A., Stein, S., Krishnamoorthy, S., & Ang, J. (2023) · ACM Transactions on Quantum Computing · doi:10.1145/3550488 · Cited by 183
Quantum process tomography of the quantum Fourier transform
Weinstein, Y. S., Havel, T. F., Emerson, J., Boulant, N., Saraceno, M., Lloyd, S., & Cory, D. G. (2004) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1785151 · Cited by 178
Self-citationJones, J. A. (2001) · Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy · doi:10.1016/s0079-6565(00)00033-9 · Cited by 177
Quantum information processing with trapped ions
Wineland, D. J., Barrett, M., Britton, J., Chiaverini, J., DeMarco, B., Itano, W. M., Jelenković, B., Langer, C., Leibfried, D., Meyer, V., et al. (2003) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2003.1205 · Cited by 174
High-fidelity laser-free universal control of trapped ion qubits
Srinivas, R., Burd, S. C., Knaack, H. M., Sutherland, R. T., Kwiatkowski, A., Glancy, S., Knill, E., Wineland, D. J., Leibfried, D., Wilson, A. C., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03809-4 · Cited by 174
Quantum computations with atoms in optical lattices: Marker qubits and molecular interactions
Calarco, T., Dorner, U., Julienne, P. S., Williams, C. J., & Zoller, P. (2004) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.70.012306 · Cited by 172
Coherent Conversion Between Microwave and Optical Photons—An Overview of Physical Implementations
Lambert, N. J., Rueda, A., Sedlmeir, F., & Schwefel, H. G. L. (2020) · Advanced Quantum Technologies · doi:10.1002/qute.201900077 · Cited by 189
High-Fidelity Transport of Trapped-Ion Qubits through anX-Junction Trap Array
Blakestad, R. B., Ospelkaus, C., VanDevender, A. P., Amini, J. M., Britton, J., Leibfried, D., & Wineland, D. J. (2009) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.102.153002 · Cited by 167
Quantum many-body simulations on digital quantum computers: State-of-the-art and future challenges
Fauseweh, B. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-46402-9 · Cited by 152
Haljan, P. C., Brickman, K.-A., Deslauriers, L., Lee, P. J., & Monroe, C. (2005) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.94.153602 · Cited by 155
Quantum speed limit for perfect state transfer in one dimension
Yung, M.-H. (2006) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.74.030303 · Cited by 128
Full-stack, real-system quantum computer studies: architectural comparisons and design insights
Murali, P., Linke, N. M., Martonosi, M., Abhari, A. J., Nguyen, N. H., & Alderete, C. H. (2019) · Proceedings of the 46th International Symposium on Computer Architecture · doi:10.1145/3307650.3322273 · Cited by 128
Using Quantum Computers for Quantum Simulation
Brown, K. L., Munro, W. J., & Kendon, V. M. (2010) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e12112268 · Cited by 129
Perdomo, A., Truncik, C., Tubert-Brohman, I., Rose, G., & Aspuru-Guzik, A. (2008) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.78.012320 · Cited by 120
Deterministic entanglement of ions in thermal states of motion
Kirchmair, G., Benhelm, J., Zähringer, F., Gerritsma, R., Roos, C. F., & Blatt, R. (2009) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/11/2/023002 · Cited by 120
Spin-based optical quantum computation via Pauli blocking in semiconductor quantum dots
Pazy, E., Biolatti, E., Calarco, T., D'Amico, I., Zanardi, P., Rossi, F., & Zoller, P. (2003) · Europhysics Letters (EPL) · doi:10.1209/epl/i2003-00343-4 · Cited by 114
Midcircuit Operations Using the omg Architecture in Neutral Atom Arrays
Lis, J. W., Senoo, A., McGrew, W. F., Rönchen, F., Jenkins, A., & Kaufman, A. M. (2023) · Physical Review X · doi:10.1103/physrevx.13.041035 · Cited by 113
Mostame, S., Rebentrost, P., Eisfeld, A., Kerman, A. J., Tsomokos, D. I., & Aspuru-Guzik, A. (2012) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/14/10/105013 · Cited by 104
State readout of a trapped ion qubit using a trap-integrated superconducting photon detector
Todaro, S. L., Verma, V. B., McCormick, K. C., Allcock, D. T. C., Mirin, R. P., Wineland, D. J., Nam, S. W., Wilson, A. C., Leibfried, D., & Slichter, D. H. (2021) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.126.010501 · Cited by 98
Biology and medicine in the landscape of quantum advantages
Cordier, B. A., Sawaya, N. P. D., Guerreschi, G. G., & McWeeney, S. K. (2022) · Journal of The Royal Society Interface · doi:10.1098/rsif.2022.0541 · Cited by 87
Design, fabrication and experimental demonstration of junction surface ion traps
Moehring, D. L., Highstrete, C., Stick, D., Fortier, K. M., Haltli, R., Tigges, C., & Blain, M. G. (2011) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/13/7/075018 · Cited by 93
High Fidelity State Preparation and Measurement of Ion Hyperfine Qubits with I>12
An, F. A., Ransford, A., Schaffer, A., Sletten, L. R., Gaebler, J., Hostetter, J., & Vittorini, G. (2022) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.129.130501 · Cited by 59
Quantum-dot cluster-state computing with encoded qubits
Weinstein, Y. S., Hellberg, C. S., & Levy, J. (2005) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.72.020304 · Cited by 59
Reconfigurable continuously-coupled 3D photonic circuit for Boson Sampling experiments
Hoch, F., Piacentini, S., Giordani, T., Tian, Z.-N., Iuliano, M., Esposito, C., Camillini, A., Carvacho, G., Ceccarelli, F., Spagnolo, N., et al. (2022) · npj Quantum Information · doi:10.1038/s41534-022-00568-6 · Cited by 51
Scheme of thinking quantum systems
Yukalov, V. I., & Sornette, D. (2009) · Laser Physics Letters · doi:10.1002/lapl.200910086 · Cited by 49
Demonstration of quantum volume 64 on a superconducting quantum computing system
Jurcevic, P., Javadi-Abhari, A., Bishop, L. S., Lauer, I., Bogorin, D. F., Brink, M., Capelluto, L., Günlük, O., Itoko, T., Kanazawa, N., et al. (2021) · Quantum Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/2058-9565/abe519 · Cited by 85
Local Realistic Model for the Dynamics of Bulk-Ensemble NMR Information Processing
Menicucci, N. C., & Caves, C. M. (2002) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.88.167901 · Cited by 43
Scalable error correction in distributed ion trap computers
Oi, D. K. L., Devitt, S. J., & Hollenberg, L. C. L. (2006) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.74.052313 · Cited by 40
Toward an ion–photon quantum interface in an optical cavity
Stute, A., Casabone, B., Brandstätter, B., Habicher, D., Barros, H. G., Schmidt, P. O., Northup, T. E., & Blatt, R. (2012) · Applied Physics B · doi:10.1007/s00340-011-4861-0 · Cited by 36
Reversible universal quantum computation within translation-invariant systems
Vollbrecht, K. G. H., & Cirac, J. I. (2006) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.73.012324 · Cited by 33
Estimating Franck-Condon factors using an NMR quantum processor
Joshi, S., Shukla, A., Katiyar, H., Hazra, A., & Mahesh, T. S. (2014) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.90.022303 · Cited by 20
A 98-qubit trapped-ion quantum computer with all-to-all connectivity
Ransford, A., Allman, M. S., Arkinstall, J., Campora, J. P., Cooper, S. F., Delaney, R. D., Dreiling, J. M., Estey, B., Figgatt, C., Hall, A., et al. (2026) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10676-4 · Cited by 16
Theory of the coplanar-waveguide Penning trap
Verdú, J. (2011) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/13/11/113029 · Cited by 15
Classical-quantum interfaces in living neural tissue supporting conscious functions
(2020) · Advances in Quantum Chemistry · doi:10.1016/bs.aiq.2020.08.002 · Cited by 6
Chapter 11: Novel Penning Traps
Verdú, J. (2014) · Physics with Trapped Charged Particles · doi:10.1142/9781783264063_0011
Metadata
- Authors
- DiVincenzo, D. P.
- Venue
- Fortschritte der Physik
- Published
- 2000
- References
- 29
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
