Recent advances in three‐dimensional multicellular spheroid culture for biomedical research

The third dimension bridges the gap between cell culture and live tissue

Pampaloni, F., Reynaud, E. G., & Stelzer, E. H. K. (2007) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2236 · Cited by 2,817 · see citing works

Optical Sectioning Deep Inside Live Embryos by Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy

Huisken, J., Swoger, J., Bene, F. D., Wittbrodt, J., & Stelzer, E. H. K. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1100035 · Cited by 2,370 · see citing works

Capturing complex 3D tissue physiology in vitro

Griffith, L. G., & Swartz, M. A. (2006) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm1858 · Cited by 2,274 · see citing works

Microscale technologies for tissue engineering and biology

Khademhosseini, A., Langer, R., Borenstein, J. T., & Vacanti, J. P. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0507681102 · Cited by 1,553 · see citing works

Cell adhesion and signalling by cadherins and Ig-CAMs in cancer

Cavallaro, U., & Christofori, G. (2004) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc1276 · Cited by 1,314 · see citing works

Organ printing: computer-aided jet-based 3D tissue engineering

Mironov, V., Boland, T., Trusk, T. C., Forgács, G., & Markwald, R. R. (2003) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/s0167-7799(03)00033-7 · Cited by 1,278 · see citing works

Multiphoton microscopy in life sciences

König, K. (2000) · Journal of Microscopy · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2818.2000.00738.x · Cited by 1,265 · see citing works

Biology's new dimension

Abbott, A. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/424870a · Cited by 1,237 · see citing works

Optical Projection Tomography as a Tool for 3D Microscopy and Gene Expression Studies

Sharpe, J. A., Ahlgren, U., Perry, P., Hill, B., Ross, A., Hecksher‐Sørensen, J., Baldock, R., & Davidson, D. R. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1068206 · Cited by 1,158 · see citing works

In vivo visualization of gene expression using magnetic resonance imaging

Louie, A. Y., Hüber, M. M., Ahrens, E. T., Rothbächer, U., Moats, R. A., Jacobs, R. E., Fraser, S. E., & Meade, T. J. (2000) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/73780 · Cited by 1,132 · see citing works

Method for generation of homogeneous multicellular tumor spheroids applicable to a wide variety of cell types

Kelm, J. M., Timmins, N. E., Brown, C. J., Fussenegger, M., & Nielsen, L. K. (2003) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.10655 · Cited by 934 · see citing works

The use of 3-d cultures for high-throughput screening: the multicellular spheroid model.

Kunz-Schughart, L. A., Freyer, J. P., Hofstaedter, F., & Ebner, R. (2004) · SLAS DISCOVERY · doi:10.1177/1087057104265040 · Cited by 797 · see citing works

β4 integrin-dependent formation of polarized three-dimensional architecture confers resistance to apoptosis in normal and malignant mammary epithelium

Weaver, V. M., Lelièvre, S. A., Lakins, J. N., Chrenek, M. A., Jones, J., Giancotti, F. G., Werb, Z., & Bissell, M. J. (2002) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/s1535-6108(02)00125-3 · Cited by 794 · see citing works

Application of inkjet printing to tissue engineering

Boland, T., Xu, T., Damon, B. J., & Cui, X. (2006) · Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1002/biot.200600081 · Cited by 784 · see citing works

IL-6 triggers malignant features in mammospheres from human ductal breast carcinoma and normal mammary gland

Sansone, P., Storci, G., Tavolari, S., Guarnieri, T., Giovannini, C., Taffurelli, M., Ceccarelli, C., Santini, D., Paterini, P., Marcu, K. B., et al. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci32533 · Cited by 779 · see citing works

The Role of Apoptosis in Creating and Maintaining Luminal Space within Normal and Oncogene-Expressing Mammary Acini

Debnath, J., Mills, K. R., Collins, N. L., Reginato, M. J., Muthuswamy, S. K., & Brugge, J. S. (2002) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)01001-2 · Cited by 763 · see citing works

Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter, Controlled Trial of a Bioartificial Liver in Treating Acute Liver Failure

Demetriou, A. A., Brown, R. S., Busuttil, R. W., Fair, J. H., McGuire, B. M., Rosenthal, P. J., Esch, J. S. A., Lerut, J. P., Nyberg, S. L., Salizzoni, M., et al. (2004) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000124298.74199.e5 · Cited by 670 · see citing works

Microfluidic scaffolds for tissue engineering

Choi, N., Cabodi, M., Held, B., Gleghorn, J. P., Bonassar, L. J., & Stroock, A. D. (2007) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat2022 · Cited by 618 · see citing works

Three-dimensional tissue culture models in cancer biology

Kim, J. B. (2005) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2005.05.002 · Cited by 613 · see citing works

Building epithelial architecture: insights from three-dimensional culture models

O'Brien, L. E., Zegers, M. M. P., & Mostov, K. E. (2002) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm859 · Cited by 596 · see citing works

Integration of Endothelial Cells in Multicellular Spheroids Prevents Apoptosis and Induces Differentiation

Korff, T., & Augustin, H. G. (1998) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.143.5.1341 · Cited by 561 · see citing works

Spheroidal aggregate culture of rat liver cells: histotypic reorganization, biomatrix deposition, and maintenance of functional activities.

Landry, J., Bernier, D., Ouellet, C., Goyette, R., & Marceau, N. (1985) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.101.3.914 · Cited by 518 · see citing works

A simplified method for production and growth of multicellular tumor spheroids.

Yuhas, J. M., Li, A. P., Martinez, A. O., & Ladman, A. J. (1977) · PubMed · Cited by 506 · see citing works

The dissociation and aggregation of cells from organ rudiments of the early chick embryo.

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Engineering biological structures of prescribed shape using self-assembling multicellular systems

Jakab, K., Neagu, A., Mironov, V. A., Markwald, R. R., & Forgács, G. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0400164101 · Cited by 394 · see citing works

Growing tissues in microgravity

Unsworth, B. R., & Lelkes, P. I. (1998) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0898-901 · Cited by 393 · see citing works

A Multiscale Model for Avascular Tumor Growth

Jiang, Y., Pješivac–Grbović, J., Cantrell, C., & Freyer, J. P. (2005) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1529/biophysj.105.060640 · Cited by 374 · see citing works

Preparation of alginate/galactosylated chitosan scaffold for hepatocyte attachment

Chung, T. W., Yang, J., Akaike, T., Cho, K. Y., Nah, J. W., Kim, S. I., & Cho, C. S. (2002) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/s0142-9612(01)00399-4 · Cited by 371 · see citing works

Controlling size, shape and homogeneity of embryoid bodies using poly(ethylene glycol) microwells

Karp, J. M., Yeh, J., Eng, G. M., Fukuda, J., Blumling, J., Suh, K. Y., Cheng, J., Mahdavi, A., Borenstein, J. T., Langer, R., et al. (2007) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/b705085m · Cited by 368 · see citing works

Blood vessel maturation in a 3‐dimensional spheroidal coculture model: direct contact with smooth muscle cells regulates endothelial cell quiescence and abrogates VEGF responsiveness

Korff, T., Kimmina, S., Martiny‐Baron, G., & Augustin, H. G. (2001) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.00-0139com · Cited by 367 · see citing works

A study of the mechanics of gastrulation

Holtfreter, J. (1944) · Journal of Experimental Zoology · doi:10.1002/jez.1400950203 · Cited by 358 · see citing works

Micromolding of photocrosslinkable chitosan hydrogel for spheroid microarray and co-cultures

Fukuda, J., Khademhosseini, A., Yeo, Y., Yang, X., Yeh, J., Eng, G. M., Blumling, J., Wang, C.-F., Kohane, D. S., & Langer, R. (2006) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.05.044 · Cited by 334 · see citing works

Functional differentiation of hepatocyte-like spheroid structures from putative liver progenitor cells in three-dimensional peptide scaffolds

Semino, C. E., Merok, J. R., Crane, G. G., Panagiotakos, G., & Zhang, S. (2003) · Differentiation · doi:10.1046/j.1432-0436.2003.7104503.x · Cited by 319 · see citing works

Cell Culture on a Thermo-Responsive Polymer Surface

Takezawa, T., Mori, Y., & Yoshizato, K. (1990) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt0990-854 · Cited by 310 · see citing works

Dynamic analysis of hepatoma spheroid formation: roles of E-cadherin and β1-integrin

Lin, R.-Z., Chou, L.-F., Chien, C.-C. M., & Chang, H.-Y. (2006) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-005-0148-2 · Cited by 305 · see citing works

Microscale tissue engineering using gravity-enforced cell assembly

Kelm, J. M., & Fussenegger, M. (2004) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2004.02.002 · Cited by 296 · see citing works

Microfluidic self-assembly of tumor spheroids for anticancer drug discovery

Wu, L. Y., Carlo, D. D., & Lee, L. P. (2007) · Biomedical Microdevices · doi:10.1007/s10544-007-9125-8 · Cited by 268 · see citing works

Mass transfer and metabolic reactions in hepatocyte spheroids cultured in rotating wall gas-permeable membrane system

Curcio, E., Salerno, S., Barbieri, G., Bartolo, L. D., Drioli, E., & Bader, A. (2007) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.08.033 · Cited by 262 · see citing works

Stable immobilization of rat hepatocyte spheroids on galactosylated nanofiber scaffold

Chua, K. N., Lim, W. S., Zhang, P., Lu, H., Wen, J., Ramakrishna, S., Leong, K. W., & Mao, H. (2004) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.07.040 · Cited by 258 · see citing works

Micromolding of photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid for cell encapsulation and entrapment

Khademhosseini, A., Eng, G. M., Yeh, J., Fukuda, J., Blumling, J., Langer, R., & Burdick, J. A. (2006) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A · doi:10.1002/jbm.a.30821 · Cited by 236 · see citing works

3-D microwell culture of human embryonic stem cells

Mohr, J. C., de Pablo, J. J., & Palecek, S. P. (2006) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.07.012 · Cited by 234 · see citing works

Structural Polarity and Functional Bile Canaliculi in Rat Hepatocyte Spheroids

Abu-Absi, S. F., Friend, J. R., Hansen, L. K., & Hu, W. (2002) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1006/excr.2001.5467 · Cited by 230 · see citing works

Diversity of cell-mediated adhesions in breast cancer spheroids

Ivascu, A., & Kubbies, M. (2007) · International Journal of Oncology · doi:10.3892/ijo.31.6.1403 · Cited by 229 · see citing works

Dynamics of the Self-Assembly of Complex Cellular Aggregates on Micromolded Nonadhesive Hydrogels

Napolitano, A. P., Chai, P., Dean, D. M., & Morgan, J. R. (2007) · Tissue Engineering · doi:10.1089/ten.2006.0190 · Cited by 228 · see citing works

Three-dimensional growth patterns of various human tumor cell lines in simulated microgravity of a NASA bioreactor

Ingram, M., Techy, G. B., Saroufeem, R. M. G., Yazan, O., Narayan, K. S., Goodwin, T. J., & Spaulding, G. F. (1997) · In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal · doi:10.1007/s11626-997-0064-8 · Cited by 225 · see citing works

The genomic profile of human malignant glioma is altered early in primary cell culture and preserved in spheroids

Hamer, P. C. D. W., van Tilborg, A. A. G., Eijk, P. P., Sminia, P., Troost, D., Noorden, C. J. F. V., Ylstra, B., & Leenstra, S. (2007) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1210850 · Cited by 216 · see citing works

Co-culture of human embryonic stem cells with murine embryonic fibroblasts on microwell-patterned substrates

Khademhosseini, A., Ferreira, L., Blumling, J., Yeh, J., Karp, J. M., Fukuda, J., & Langer, R. (2006) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.06.035 · Cited by 202 · see citing works

Hanging-drop multicellular spheroids as a model of tumour angiogenesis

Timmins, N., Dietmair, S., & Nielsen, L. K. (2004) · Angiogenesis · doi:10.1007/s10456-004-8911-7 · Cited by 177 · see citing works

A multicellular spheroid array to realize spheroid formation, culture, and viability assay on a chip

Torisawa, Y.-S., Takagi, A., Nashimoto, Y., Yasukawa, T., Shiku, H., & Matsue, T. (2007) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.08.054 · Cited by 176 · see citing works

Tumor-induced angiogenesis studied in confrontation cultures of multicellular tumor spheroids and embryoid bodies grown from pluripotent embryonic stem cells

Wartenberg, M., Dönmez, F., Ling, F. C., Acker, H., Hescheler, J., & Sauer, H. (2001) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.00-0350com · Cited by 173 · see citing works

Rods, tori, and honeycombs: the directed self‐assembly of microtissues with prescribed microscale geometries

Dean, D. M., Napolitano, A. P., Youssef, J., & Morgan, J. R. (2007) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.07-8710com · Cited by 167 · see citing works

Novel hepatocyte culture system developed using microfabrication and collagen/polyethylene glycol microcontact printing

Fukuda, J., Sakai, Y., & Nakazawa, K. (2005) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.07.031 · Cited by 163 · see citing works

Microfabrication-based modulation of embryonic stem cell differentiation

Park, J., Cho, C. H., Parashurama, N., 李雅文, Francois Berthiaume, B., Toner, M., Tilles, A. W., & Yarmush, M. L. (2007) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/b704739h · Cited by 159 · see citing works

Design of Custom-Shaped Vascularized Tissues Using Microtissue Spheroids as Minimal Building Units

Kelm, J. M., Djonov, V., Ittner, L. M., Fluri, D. A., Born, W., Hoerstrup, S. P., & Fussenegger, M. (2006) · Tissue Engineering · doi:10.1089/ten.2006.12.2151 · Cited by 157 · see citing works

Cell patterning using magnetite nanoparticles and magnetic force

Ino, K., Itô, A., & Honda, H. (2007) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.21322 · Cited by 152 · see citing works

Assembly of multicellular constructs and microarrays of cells using magnetic nanowires

Monica TanaseCurrent address: Department o, Felton, E. J., Gray, D. S., Hultgren, A., Chen, C. S., & Reich, D. H. (2005) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/b500243e · Cited by 143 · see citing works

Rapid, large-scale formation of porcine hepatocyte spheroids in a novel spheroid reservoir bioartificial liver

Nyberg, S. L., Hardin, J. A., Amiot, B. P., Argikar, U. A., Remmel, R. P., & Rinaldo, P. (2005) · Liver Transplantation · doi:10.1002/lt.20446 · Cited by 142 · see citing works

Method for the determination of oxygen consumption rates and diffusion coefficients in multicellular spheroids

Mueller-Klieser, W. (1984) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(84)84030-8 · Cited by 140 · see citing works

Two‐Dimensional Multiarray Formation of Hepatocyte Spheroids on a Microfabricated PEG‐Brush Surface

Otsuka, H., Hirano, A., Nagasaki, Y., Okano, T., Horiike, Y., & Kataoka, K. (2004) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.200300822 · Cited by 140 · see citing works

A Heterologous 3-D Coculture Model of Breast Tumor Cells and Fibroblasts to Study Tumor-Associated Fibroblast Differentiation

Kunz‐Schughart, L. A., Heyder, P., Schroeder, J. A., & Knuechel, R. (2001) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1006/excr.2001.5210 · Cited by 138 · see citing works

Enhancing the Drug Metabolism Activities of C3A— A Human Hepatocyte Cell Line—By Tissue Engineering Within Alginate Scaffolds

Elkayam, T., Amitay-Shaprut, S., Dvir‐Ginzberg, M., Harel, T., & Cohen, S. (2006) · Tissue Engineering · doi:10.1089/ten.2006.12.1357 · Cited by 130 · see citing works

Design of Artificial Myocardial Microtissues

Kelm, J. M., Ehler, E., Nielsen, L. K., Schlatter, S., Perriard, J., & Fussenegger, M. (2004) · Tissue Engineering · doi:10.1089/107632704322791853 · Cited by 128 · see citing works

Relations between ph, oxygen partial pressure and growth in cultured cell spheroids

Carlsson, J., & Acker, H. (1988) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.2910420515 · Cited by 127 · see citing works

Fibronectin Matrix Assembly Regulates α5β1-mediated Cell Cohesion

Robinson, E. E., Foty, R. A., & Corbett, S. (2004) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e03-07-0528 · Cited by 124 · see citing works

Spheroids in radiobiology and photodynamic therapy

Dubessy, C. (2000) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/s1040-8428(00)00085-8 · Cited by 120 · see citing works

Mathematical modelling of drug transport in tumour multicell spheroids and monolayer cultures

Ward, J., & King, J. R. (2003) · Mathematical Biosciences · doi:10.1016/s0025-5564(02)00148-7 · Cited by 120 · see citing works

Three-dimensional co-culture of rat hepatocyte spheroids and NIH/3T3 fibroblasts enhances hepatocyte functional maintenance

Lu, H., Chua, K. N., Zhang, P., Lim, W. S., Ramakrishna, S., Leong, K. W., & Mao, H. (2005) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2005.04.003 · Cited by 118 · see citing works

Induction of three-dimensional assembly of human liver cells by simulated microgravity

Khaoustov, V. I., Darlington, G., Soriano, H. E., Krishnan, B., Risin, D., Pellis, N. R., & Yoffe, B. (1999) · In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal · doi:10.1007/s11626-999-0060-2 · Cited by 114 · see citing works

The role of actin filaments and microtubules in hepatocyte spheroid self-assembly

Tzanakakis, E. S., Hansen, L. K., & Hu, W. (2001) · Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton · doi:10.1002/1097-0169(200103)48:3 · Cited by 112 · see citing works

Morphological and immuno-cytochemical characterization of a hetero-spheroid composed of fibroblasts and hepatocytes

Takezawa, T., Yamazaki, M., Mori, Y., Yonaha, T., & Yoshizato, K. (1992) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.101.3.495 · Cited by 110 · see citing works

Micropatterns of Matrigel for three-dimensional epithelial cultures

Sodunke, T. R., Turner, K. K., Caldwell, S. A., McBride, K. W., Reginato, M. J., & Noh, H. “. (2007) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.05.021 · Cited by 109 · see citing works

Extended liver-specific functions of porcine hepatocyte spheroids entrapped in collagen gel

Lazar, A., Mann, H. J., Remmel, R. P., Shatford, R. A. D., Cerra, F. B., & Hu, W. (1995) · In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal · doi:10.1007/bf02634282 · Cited by 102 · see citing works

Dielectrophoresis based‐cell patterning for tissue engineering

Lin, R., Ho, C.-T., Liu, C., & Chang, H. (2006) · Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1002/biot.200600112 · Cited by 101 · see citing works

Brave Little World: Spheroids as an in vitro Model to Study Tumor-Immune-Cell Interactions

Gottfried, E., Kunz‐Schughart, L. A., Andreesen, R., & Kreutz, M. P. (2006) · Cell Cycle · doi:10.4161/cc.5.7.2624 · Cited by 91 · see citing works

Intraperitoneal Injection of a Hairpin RNA–Expressing Plasmid Targeting Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator (uPA) Receptor and uPA Retards Angiogenesis and Inhibits Intracranial Tumor Growth in Nude Mice

Gondi, C. S., Lakka, S. S., Dinh, D. H., Olivero, W. C., Gujrati, M., & Rao, J. S. (2007) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-3032 · Cited by 91 · see citing works

Microscopic images of intraspheroidal pH by 1H magnetic resonance chemical shift imaging of pH sensitive indicators

Alvarez-Pérez, J., Ballesteros, P., & Cerdán, S. (2005) · Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10334-005-0013-z · Cited by 90 · see citing works

Proteomic Analysis Reveals Differences in Protein Expression in Spheroid versus Monolayer Cultures of Low-Passage Colon Carcinoma Cells

Gaedtke, L., Thoenes, L., Culmsee, C., Mayer, B., & Wagner, E. (2007) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr0700596 · Cited by 90 · see citing works

Chemical and rheological properties of an extracellular polysaccharide produced by the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. ATCC 33047

Moreno, J., Vargas, M. A., Madiedo, J. M., Muñoz, J., Rivas, J., & Guerrero, M. G. (2000) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(20000205)67:3 · Cited by 90 · see citing works

Galactosylated PVDF membrane promotes hepatocyte attachment and functional maintenance

Lu, H., Lim, W. S., Wang, J., et al. (2003) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/s0142-9612(03)00404-6 · Cited by 89 · see citing works

Cell culture as spheroids: an approach to multicellular resistance.

Desoize, B., Gimonet, D., & Jardiller, J. C. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 88 · see citing works

Functional three‐dimensional HepG2 aggregate cultures generated from an ultrasound trap: Comparison with HepG2 spheroids

Jian, L., Kuznetsova, L. A., Edwards, G. O., Xu, J., Ma, M., Purcell, W. M., Jackson, S. K., & Coakley, W. T. (2007) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.21345 · Cited by 83 · see citing works

Tissue engineering with electric fields: Immobilization of mammalian cells in multilayer aggregates using dielectrophoresis

Sebastian, A., Buckle, A., & Markx, G. H. (2007) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.21416 · Cited by 82 · see citing works

Characterization of Morphology and Cellular Metabolism during the Spheroid Formation by Fibroblasts

Takezawa, T., Mori, Y., Yonaha, T., & Yoshizato, K. (1993) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1006/excr.1993.1265 · Cited by 77 · see citing works

Basal Caspase Activity Promotes Migration and Invasiveness in Glioblastoma Cells

Gdynia, G., Grund, K., Eckert, A., Böck, B. C., Funke, B., Macher‐Goeppinger, S., Sieber, S., Herold‐Mende, C. C., Wiestler, B., Wiestler, O. D., et al. (2007) · Molecular Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-07-0343 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

Hepatic stellate cells display a functional vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype in a three-dimensional co-culture model with endothelial cells

Wirz, W., Antoine, M., Tag, C. G., Gressner, A. M., Korff, T., Hellerbrand, C., & Kiefer, P. (2008) · Differentiation · doi:10.1111/j.1432-0436.2007.00260.x · Cited by 69 · see citing works

Tumor‐induced angiogenesis studied in confrontation cultures of multicellular tumor spheroids and embryoid bodies grown from pluripotent embryonic stem cells

Wartenberg, M., Dönmez, F., Ling, F. C., et al. (2001) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fsb2fj000350com · Cited by 69 · see citing works

Large-Scale Preparation and Function of Porcine Hepatocyte Spheroids

Sakai, Y., Naruse, K., Nagashima, I., Muto, T., & Suzuki, M. (1996) · The International Journal of Artificial Organs · doi:10.1177/039139889601900507 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

Spheroid Formation and Differentiation into Hepatocyte-Like Cells of Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cell Induced by Co-Culture with Liver Cells

Qihao, Z., Xi-gu, C., Guanghui, C., & Weiwei, Z. (2007) · DNA and Cell Biology · doi:10.1089/dna.2006.0562 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

A multicellular spheroid-based sensor for anti-cancer therapeutics

Thielecke, H., Mack, A., & Robitzki, A. A. (2001) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/s0956-5663(01)00140-3 · Cited by 63 · see citing works

Two-dimensional microarray of HepG2 spheroids using collagen/polyethylene glycol micropatterned chip

Tamura, T., Sakai, Y., & Nakazawa, K. (2007) · Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10856-007-3305-1 · Cited by 62 · see citing works

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes Involved in the Formation of Multicellular Tumor Spheroids by HT-29 Colon Carcinoma Cells

Dardousis, K., Voolstra, C., Roengvoraphoj, M., Sekandarzad, A., Mesghenna, S., Winkler, J., Ko, Y., Hescheler, J., & Sachinidis, A. (2006) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/sj.mt.6300003 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Entrapment of Hepatocyte Spheroids in a Hollow Fiber Bioreactor as a Potential Bioartificial Liver

Wu, F. J., Peshwa, M. V., Cerra, F. B., & Hu, W. (1995) · Tissue Engineering · doi:10.1089/ten.1995.1.29 · Cited by 51 · see citing works

Three‐dimensional fibroblast–tumor cell interaction causes downregulation of RACK1 mRNA expression in breast cancer cells in vitro

Seidl, P., Huettinger, R., Knuechel, R., & Kunz‐Schughart, L. A. (2002) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.10675 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

Efficient Induction of Hepatocyte Spheroids in a Suspension Culture Using a Water-Soluble Synthetic Polymer as an Artificial Matrix

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