Central nervous system control of gastrointestinal motility and secretion and modulation of gastrointestinal functions

Browning, Kirsteen N.; Travagli, R. Alberto

doi:10.1002/cphy.c130055

Cited by 541Gastrointestinal motility and disordersHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlNeuropeptides and Animal Physiology

Central nervous system control of gastrointestinal motility and secretion and modulation of gastrointestinal functions

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Browning, Kirsteen N., Travagli, R. Alberto·2014·Comprehensive Physiology

DOI 10.1002/cphy.c130055PMC PMC4858318

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Abstract

Although the gastrointestinal (GI) tract possesses intrinsic neural plexuses that allow a significant degree of autonomy over GI functions, the central nervous system (CNS) provides extrinsic neural inputs that regulate, modulate, and control these functions. While the intestines are capable of functioning in the absence of extrinsic inputs, the stomach and esophagus are much more dependent upon extrinsic neural inputs, particularly from parasympathetic and sympathetic pathways. The sympathetic nervous system exerts a predominantly inhibitory effect upon GI muscle and provides a tonic inhibitory influence over mucosal secretion while, at the same time, regulates GI blood flow via neurally mediated vasoconstriction. The parasympathetic nervous system, in contrast, exerts both excitatory and inhibitory control over gastric and intestinal tone and motility. Although GI functions are controlled by the autonomic nervous system and occur, by and large, independently of conscious perception, it is clear that the higher CNS centers influence homeostatic control as well as cognitive and behavioral functions. This review will describe the basic neural circuitry of extrinsic inputs to the GI tract as well as the major CNS nuclei that innervate and modulate the activity of these pathways. The role of CNS-centered reflexes in the regulation of GI functions will be discussed as will modulation of these reflexes under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Finally, future directions within the field will be discussed in terms of important questions that remain to be resolved and advances in technology that may help provide these answers.

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Together with the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the regulation of vegetative functions by acting in opposition to each other.
“Together with the sympathetic nervous systems, the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the regulation of vegetative functions by acting in opposition to each other (22).”
From Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders (2018) · cites this paper as [22]
Loss of sympathetic inhibitory innervation, as in POTS patients with partial autonomic neuropathy, may cause excessive and uncoordinated GI tract activity.
“The absence of sympathetic inhibitory innervation, as seen in POTS patients with partial autonomic neuropathy, may cause excessive and uncoordinated activity in the GI tract [11].”
From Gastrointestinal symptoms in postural tachycardia syndrome: a systematic review (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
Denervation of the stomach causes abnormal gastric electrical activity and GI symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort/pain, and diarrhea, although gastric activity partly recovers over time.
“Denervation of the stomach causes abnormal gastric electrical activity and produces GI symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, abdominal discomfort pain, and diarrhea. However, the gastric activity partly recovers after a period of time [11].”
From Gastrointestinal symptoms in postural tachycardia syndrome: a systematic review (2018) · cites this paper as [11]

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

[21]Babic T Browning KN Kawaguchi Y Tang X Travagli RA Pancreatic insulin and exocrine secretion are under the modulatory control of distinct subpopulations of vagal motoneurones in the rat J Physiol 590 3611 3622 2012 22711959 PMC3547274
[230]Holmes GM Browning KN Tong M Qualls-Creekmore E Travagli RA Vagally mediated effects of glucagon-like peptide 1: In vitro and in vivo gastric actions J Physiol 587 4749 4759 2009 19675064 PMC2768027

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Authors: Browning, K. N., & Travagli, R. A.
Affiliations: Pennsylvania State University (US)
ORCID: Browning, Kirsteen N.
Travagli, R. Alberto
Venue: Comprehensive Physiology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2014-09-30
Volume: 4
Issue: 4
Pages: 1339-1368
ISSN: 2040-4603 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c130055
PMC: PMC4858318
OpenAlex: W1562824548
Cited by: 541
References: 563
Citations by year: 2026: 23 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 78 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 89 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 1
Type: other
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm)
Locations: Comprehensive physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Public Health Service (NIDDK 78364, NIDDK 55530)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK099350, R01DK055530)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Keywords: central nervous system regulation, gastrointestinal motility, gastrointestinal secretion, parasympathetic nervous system, sympathetic nervous system, autonomic nervous system, gastric tone, intestinal motility, neural circuits, gut-brain axis, mucosal secretions, gastrointestinal blood flow
MeSH terms: Animals, Gastrointestinal Motility, Humans, Sympathetic Nervous System, Gastrointestinal Tract

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Central nervous system control of gastrointestinal motility and secretion and modulation of gastrointestinal functions

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