The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Preferences, property rights, and anonymity in bargaining games.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“It seems that proposers in the contest condition felt self-servingly entitled to a higher payoff, but responders did not view the contest as relevant to the fair division of the pie.”
From Explaining Bargaining Impasse: The Role of Self-Serving Biases (1997) · cites this paper as Hoffman, McCabe, Shachat and Smith, 1994
In the citing paper
“Offers in the contest condition were lower than in the chance condition, and the rejection rate was substantially higher.”
From Explaining Bargaining Impasse: The Role of Self-Serving Biases (1997) · cites this paper as Hoffman, McCabe, Shachat and Smith, 1994
In the citing paper
“Experiments using the ultimatum game have shown that seemingly subtle variations in procedure that should not matter from a strictly economic point of view-for example, the mechanism that determines the roles, whether the game is framed as an offer game or a demand game, and the timing and method of eliciting an offerall have powerful effects on how people play the game (Blount, 1995;Hoffman, McC”
From Explaining Bargaining Impasse: The Role of Self-Serving Biases (1997) · cites this paper as Hoffman, McCabe, Shachat and Smith, 1994
In the citing paper
“To assess the convergent validity of the ZPG, participants played the dictator game [31].”
From Short-term compassion training increases prosocial behavior in a newly developed prosocial game (2011) · cites this paper as [31]
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
ERC: A Theory of Equity, Reciprocity, and Competition
Bolton, G. E., & Ockenfels, A. (2000) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.90.1.166 · Cited by 5,399
Fehr, E., & Fischbacher, U. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02043 · Cited by 3,475
What Do Laboratory Experiments Measuring Social Preferences Reveal About the Real World?
Levitt, S. D., & List, J. A. (2007) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.21.2.153 · Cited by 2,668
Rabin, M. (1997) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 2,463
Neuroeconomics: How Neuroscience Can Inform Economics
Camerer, C. F., Loewenstein, G. F., & Prelec, D. (2005) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/0022051053737843 · Cited by 2,215
The Grammar of Society: The Nature and Dynamics of Social Norms
Bicchieri, C. (2005) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511616037 · Cited by 1,991
“Economic man” in cross-cultural perspective: behavioral experiments in 15 small-scale societies
Henrich, J., Boyd, R., Bowles, S., Camerer, C., Fehr, E., Gintis, H., McElreath, R., Alvard, M., Barr, A., Ensminger, J., et al. (2005) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x05000142 · Cited by 1,898
Engel, C. (2011) · Experimental Economics · doi:10.1007/s10683-011-9283-7 · Cited by 1,891
Endogenous Preferences: The Cultural Consequences of Markets and Other Economic Institutions
Bowles, S. (2016) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 1,547
Exploiting moral wiggle room: experiments demonstrating an illusory preference for fairness
Dana, J., Weber, R. A., & Kuang, J. X. (2007) · Economic Theory · doi:10.1007/s00199-006-0153-z · Cited by 1,445
Anomalies: Ultimatums, Dictators and Manners
Camerer, C. F., & Thaler, R. H. (1995) · The Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.9.2.209 · Cited by 1,371
Why Does Ethnic Diversity Undermine Public Goods Provision?
Habyarimana, J., Humphreys, M., Posner, D., & Weinstein, J. M. (2007) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055407070499 · Cited by 1,330
Psychological foundations of incentives
Fehr, E., & Falk, A. (2002) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/s0014-2921(01)00208-2 · Cited by 1,240
Experimenter demand effects in economic experiments
Zizzo, D. J. (2010) · Experimental Economics · doi:10.1007/s10683-009-9230-z · Cited by 1,194
Shariff, A., & Norenzayan, A. (2007) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01983.x · Cited by 1,182
Cultural group selection, coevolutionary processes and large-scale cooperation
Henrich, J. (2004) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/s0167-2681(03)00094-5 · Cited by 1,096
Haley, K. J., & Fessler, D. M. T. (2005) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.01.002 · Cited by 1,073
Explaining Bargaining Impasse: The Role of Self-Serving Biases
Babcock, L., & Loewenstein, G. (1997) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.11.1.109 · Cited by 1,071
How to identify trust and reciprocity
Cox, J. C. (2003) · Games and Economic Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0899-8256(03)00119-2 · Cited by 1,065
Lab Experiments Are a Major Source of Knowledge in the Social Sciences
Falk, A., & Heckman, J. J. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1168244 · Cited by 1,153
IDENTIFYING SOCIAL NORMS USING COORDINATION GAMES: WHY DOES DICTATOR GAME SHARING VARY?
Krupka, E. L., & Weber, R. A. (2013) · Journal of the European Economic Association · doi:10.1111/jeea.12006 · Cited by 1,020
Social Distance and Other-Regarding Behavior in Dictator Games
Hoffman, E. N., McCabe, K., & Smith, V. L. S. (2000) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511528347.009 · Cited by 978
Self-citationConstructivist and Ecological Rationality in Economics
Smith, V. L. S. (2003) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/000282803322156954 · Cited by 967
Self-citationJohnson, N. D., & Mislin, A. A. (2011) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.joep.2011.05.007 · Cited by 967
Economic Incentives and Social Preferences: Substitutes or Complements?
Bowles, S., & Polanía-Reyes, S. (2012) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/jel.50.2.368 · Cited by 944
Fair Shares: Accountability and Cognitive Dissonance in Allocation Decisions
Konow, J. (2000) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.90.4.1072 · Cited by 870
Rai, T. S., & Fiske, A. P. (2011) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0021867 · Cited by 887
Which Is the Fairest One of All? A Positive Analysis of Justice Theories
Konow, J. (2003) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/002205103771800013 · Cited by 859
Bowles, S. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1152110 · Cited by 833
Evolution of the Social Contract
Skyrms, B. (2014) · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139924825 · Cited by 743
Behavioral Economics: Past, Present, Future
Camerer, C. F., & Loewenstein, G. F. (2003) · CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) · Cited by 734
Fehr, E., & Schmidt, K. M. (2006) · Handbook on the economics of giving, reciprocity and altruism · doi:10.1016/s1574-0714(06)01008-6 · Cited by 1,246
A Structural Analysis of Disappointment Aversion in a Real Effort Competition
Gill, D. M., & Prowse, V. L. (2012) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.102.1.469 · Cited by 700
Gender and Culture: International Experimental Evidence from Trust Games
Croson, R. T. A., & Buchan, N. R. (1999) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.89.2.386 · Cited by 636
Pride and Prejudice: The Human Side of Incentive Theory
Ellingsen, T., & Johannesson, M. (2008) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.98.3.990 · Cited by 598
The Economics of Fairness, Reciprocity and Altruism - Experimental Evidence and New TheoriesPreprint
Fehr, E., & Schmidt, K. M. (2005) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.5282/ubm/epub.726 · Cited by 843
Ariel, B., Farrar, W. A., & Sutherland, A. (2015) · Journal of Quantitative Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10940-014-9236-3 · Cited by 621
Empirically Based, Agent-based models
Janssen, M. A., & Elinor Ostrom, B. (2006) · Ecology and Society · doi:10.5751/es-01861-110237 · Cited by 604
A tractable model of reciprocity and fairness
Cox, J. C., Friedman, D., & Gjerstad, S. D. (2006) · Games and Economic Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.geb.2006.05.001 · Cited by 632
Measuring and Bounding Experimenter Demand
de Quidt, J., Haushofer, J., & Roth, C. (2018) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.20171330 · Cited by 577
Lodge, M., & Taber, C. S. (2005) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2005.00426.x · Cited by 588
What's in a name? Anonymity and social distance in dictator and ultimatum games
Charness, G. B., & Uri Gneezy, B. (2008) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2008.03.001 · Cited by 604
Smith, V. L. (1994) · The Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.8.1.113 · Cited by 559
Self-citationDesigning Information Provision Experiments
Haaland, I., Roth, C., & Wohlfart, J. (2023) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/jel.20211658 · Cited by 577
Henrich, J. (2000) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.90.4.973 · Cited by 542
Eckel, C. C., & Wilson, R. K. (2004) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2003.11.003 · Cited by 511
Beyond the Self: Social Identity, Altruism, and Political Participation
Fowler, J. H., & Kam, C. D. (2007) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00577.x · Cited by 498
The sound of silence in prisoner's dilemma and dictator games
Bohnet, I., & Frey, B. S. (1999) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/s0167-2681(98)00121-8 · Cited by 491
I should but I won’t: Why young children endorse norms of fair sharing but do not follow them
Smith, C. E., Blake, P. R., & Harris, P. L. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059510 · Cited by 482
Social benefits of luxury brands as costly signals of wealth and status
Nelissen, R., & Meijers, M. (2011) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.12.002 · Cited by 471
Ketelaar, T., & Tung Au, W. (2003) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930143000662 · Cited by 482
Two are few and four are many: number effects in experimental oligopolies
Huck, S., Normann, H., & Oechssler, J. (2003) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2002.10.002 · Cited by 477
Measuring Beliefs in an Experimental Lost Wallet Game
Dufwenberg, M. A., & Uri Gneezy, B. (2000) · Games and Economic Behavior · doi:10.1006/game.1999.0715 · Cited by 462
The impact of endowment heterogeneity and origin on public good contributions: evidence from the lab
Cherry, T. L., Kroll, S., & Shogren, J. F. (2004) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2003.11.010 · Cited by 460
Short-term compassion training increases prosocial behavior in a newly developed prosocial game
Leiberg, S., Klimecki, O., & Singer, T. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017798 · Cited by 442
Honesty in Managerial Reporting
Evans, J. H., Hannan, R. L., Krishnan, R., et al. (2001) · The Accounting Review · doi:10.2308/accr.2001.76.4.537 · Cited by 436
Experimental Economics From the Vantage‐point of Behavioural Economics
Loewenstein, G. F. (1999) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1111/1468-0297.00400 · Cited by 422
Beyond Homo economicus: evidence from experimental economics
Gintis, H. M. (2000) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/s0921-8009(00)00216-0 · Cited by 420
Mine and yours: Property rights in dictator games
Oxoby, R. J., & Spraggon, J. M. (2006) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2005.12.006 · Cited by 404
Self-Interest through Delegation: An Additional Rationale for the Principal-Agent Relationship
Hamman, J., Loewenstein, G. F., & Weber, R. A. (2010) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.100.4.1826 · Cited by 399
“Pie Sharing” in Complex Collaboration Contexts
Jap, S. D. (2001) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1509/jmkr.38.1.86.18827 · Cited by 399
Kimbrough, E. O., & Vostroknutov, A. (2015) · Journal of the European Economic Association · doi:10.1111/jeea.12152 · Cited by 406
Emotional Hazard in a Power‐to‐Take Experiment
Bosman, R., & van Winden, F. A. A. M. (2002) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1111/1468-0297.0j677 · Cited by 375
Why Volunteer? Evidence on the Role of Altruism, Reputation, and Incentives
Carpenter, J. P., & Myers, C. K. (2007) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2010.07.007 · Cited by 440
BEHAVIORAL FOUNDATIONS OF RECIPROCITY: EXPERIMENTAL ECONOMICS AND EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY
Hoffman, E. N., McCabe, K., & Smith, V. L. S. (1998) · Economic Inquiry · doi:10.1111/j.1465-7295.1998.tb01719.x · Cited by 369
Self-citationOn expectations and the monetary stakes in ultimatum games
Hoffman, E., McCabe, K. A., & Smith, V. L. (1996) · International Journal of Game Theory · doi:10.1007/bf02425259 · Cited by 356
Self-citationIMAGING VALUATION MODELS IN HUMAN CHOICE
Montague, P. R., King‐Casas, B., & Cohen, J. D. (2006) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.112903 · Cited by 382
Audience effects on moralistic punishment
Kurzban, R., DeScioli, P., & O'Brien, E. (2007) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2006.06.001 · Cited by 360
Sorting in Experiments with Application to Social Preferences
Lazear, E. P., Malmendier, U. M., & Weber, R. A. (2012) · American Economic Journal Applied Economics · doi:10.1257/app.4.1.136 · Cited by 370
The enduring impact of transient emotions on decision making
Andrade, E. B., & Dan Ariely, C. (2009) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2009.02.003 · Cited by 385
Effects of eye images on everyday cooperative behavior: a field experiment
Ernest-Jones, M., Nettle, D., & Melissa Bateson, B. (2010) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.10.006 · Cited by 384
Are People Willing to Pay to Reduce Others' Incomes?
Zizzo, & Oswald (2001) · Annales d Économie et de Statistique · doi:10.2307/20076295 · Cited by 362
Buchan, N. R., Johnson, E. J., & Croson, R. T. A. (2005) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2004.03.017 · Cited by 355
On ultimatum bargaining experiments — A personal review
Güth, W. (1995) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/0167-2681(94)00071-l · Cited by 357
Alfano, M. (2013) · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139208536 · Cited by 356
Strategies for cooperation in biological markets, especially for humans
Barclay, P. (2013) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2013.02.002 · Cited by 362
A functional model of hierarchy
Halevy, N., Chou, E. Y., & Galinsky, A. D. (2011) · Organizational Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/2041386610380991 · Cited by 378
Voice matters in a dictator game
Yamamori, T., Kato, K., Kawagoe, T., & Matsui, A. (2007) · Experimental Economics · doi:10.1007/s10683-007-9168-y · Cited by 326
Amaldoss, W., Meyer, R. J., Raju, J. S., & Rapoport, A. (2000) · Marketing Science · doi:10.1287/mksc.19.2.105.11804 · Cited by 305
Delton, A. W., Krasnow, M. M., Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1102131108 · Cited by 305
More Is Better, But Fair Is Fair: Tipping in Dictator and Ultimatum Games
Ruffle, B. J. (1998) · Games and Economic Behavior · doi:10.1006/game.1997.0630 · Cited by 306
Minimal social cues in the dictator game
Rigdon, M. L., Ishii, K., Watabe, M., & Kitayama, S. (2009) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.joep.2009.02.002 · Cited by 302
Behavioural studies of strategic thinking in games
Camerer, C. F. (2003) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(03)00094-9 · Cited by 307
Cooter, R. D. (2000) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9780691214504 · Cited by 298
Game theory and neural basis of social decision making
Lee, D. (2008) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn2065 · Cited by 316
Moral Property Rights in Bargaining with Infeasible Claims
Gächter, S., & Riedl, A. M. (2005) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.1040.0311 · Cited by 295
Do Markets Erode Social Responsibility? *
Bartling, B., Weber, R. A., & Yao, L. (2014) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/qje/qju031 · Cited by 305
Houser, D. E., Vetter, S., & Winter, J. (2012) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2012.08.001 · Cited by 300
Playing both roles in the trust game
Burks, S. V., Carpenter, J. P., & Verhoogen, E. (2003) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/s0167-2681(02)00093-8 · Cited by 299
Social Influence in the Sequential Dictator Game
Cason, T. N., & Mui, V. (1998) · Journal of Mathematical Psychology · doi:10.1006/jmps.1998.1213 · Cited by 278
Ellingsen, T., Johannesson, M., Tjøtta, S., & Torsvik, G. (2009) · Games and Economic Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.geb.2009.04.021 · Cited by 280
Individual and group behavior in the ultimatum game: Are groups more ?rational? players?
Bornstein, G., & Yaniv, I. (1998) · Experimental Economics · doi:10.1007/bf01426217 · Cited by 287
Rationality in Economics: Constructivist and Ecological Forms
Smith, V. L. S. (2007) · Chapman University Digital Commons (Chapman University) · Cited by 283
Self-citationFriend-or-foe intentionality priming in an extensive form trust game
Burnham, T. C., McCabe, K., & Smith, V. L. S. (2000) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/s0167-2681(00)00108-6 · Cited by 283
Self-citationInformation, Strategic Behavior, and Fairness in Ultimatum Bargaining: An Experimental Study
Güth, W., & van Damme, E. E. C. (1998) · Journal of Mathematical Psychology · doi:10.1006/jmps.1998.1212 · Cited by 284
Testing the Waters: Behavior across Participant Pools
Snowberg, E., & Yariv, L. (2021) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.20181065 · Cited by 278
Straub, P. G., & Murnighan, J. K. (1995) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/0167-2681(94)00072-m · Cited by 270
Walrasian Economics in Retrospect
Bowles, S., & Gintis, H. M. (2000) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/003355300555006 · Cited by 276
Relative Earnings and Giving in a Real-Effort Experiment
Erkal, N., Gangadharan, L., & Nikiforakis, N. (2011) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.101.7.3330 · Cited by 252
On the External Validity of Social Preference Games: A Systematic Lab-Field Study
Galizzi, M. M., & Navarro‐Martinez, D. (2018) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2017.2908 · Cited by 291
Metadata
- Authors
- Hoffman, E., McCabe, K., Shachat, K., & Smith, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- Venue
- Games and Economic Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1994-11
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 346-380
- ISSN
- 0899-8256 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2010008813
- Cited by
- 1,674
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 79 · 2017: 70 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 77 · 2014: 75 · 2013: 103 · 2012: 113
- FWCI
- 76.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Games and Economic Behavior (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Game Theory and Voting Systems
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- ultimatum game, dictator game, fairness, self-regarding preferences, first-mover advantage, property rights, anonymity, double-blind experiment, expectations, knowledge quiz
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review