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Macrophage subsets and microglia in multiple sclerosis

Bogie, Jeroen F. J., Stinissen, Piet, Hendriks, Jerome J. A.·2014·Acta Neuropathologica
DOI 10.1007/s00401-014-1310-2
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Abstract

Along with microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages, macrophages in the perivascular space, choroid plexus, and meninges are the principal effector cells in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. These phagocytes are highly heterogeneous cells displaying spatial- and temporal-dependent identities in the healthy, injured, and inflamed CNS. In the last decade, researchers have debated on whether phagocytes subtypes and phenotypes are pathogenic or protective in CNS pathologies. In the context of this dichotomy, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge on the spatiotemporal physiology of macrophage subsets and microglia in the healthy and diseased CNS, and elaborate on factors regulating their behavior. In addition, the impact of macrophages present in lymphoid organs on CNS pathologies is defined. The prime focus of this review is on multiple sclerosis (MS), which is characterized by inflammation, demyelination, neurodegeneration, and CNS repair, and in which microglia and macrophages have been extensively scrutinized. On one hand, microglia and macrophages promote neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative events in MS by releasing inflammatory mediators and stimulating leukocyte activity and infiltration into the CNS. On the other hand, microglia and macrophages assist in CNS repair through the production of neurotrophic factors and clearance of inhibitory myelin debris. Finally, we define how microglia and macrophage physiology can be harnessed for new thera…

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  • Activation of microglia in response to myelin internalization is linked to the stimulation of repair processes in response to tissue damage in MS.

    “In addition, activation of microglia in response to myelin internalization is linked to the stimulation of repair processes in response to tissue damage in MS (67).”

    From Absence of miRNA-146a Differentially Alters Microglia Function and Proteome (2020) · cites this paper as [67]

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Metadata

Authors
Bogie, J. F. J., Stinissen, P., & Hendriks, J. J. A.
Venue
Acta Neuropathologica
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2014-06-22
Volume
128
Issue
2
Pages
191-213
ISSN
  • 0001-6322
  • 1432-0533
DOI
10.1007/s00401-014-1310-2
Cited by
251
References
48
Language
en
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)

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