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Neuronal Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Borderline Patients with Affective Instability
Abstract
Background Borderline personality disorder has been characterized by enhanced emotional reactivity and deficient emotion regulation in behavioral and functional imaging studies. We aimed to validate patients' difficulties in the cognitive regulation of negative emotions and investigated if emotion regulation deficits are restricted to the decrease of negative emotions. A cognitive reappraisal paradigm was used and hence a regulation strategy that is typically applied in cognitive-behavioral therapy. Methods Fifteen unmedicated female borderline patients with affective instability and 15 healthy female control subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a delayed reappraisal paradigm. Hemodynamic responses were measured in response to aversive pictures in an initial viewing phase and a subsequent reappraisal phase with three different conditions: decreasing, increasing, and maintaining the initial emotional reaction. Results Patients demonstrated enhanced activation of left amygdala and right insula during the initial viewing of aversive stimuli. During attempting to decrease the initial emotional reaction, patients showed attenuated activation of the left orbitofrontal cortex and increased activation of the bilateral insula. The attempt to increase negative emotions resulted in enhanced activity in amygdala and insula, whereas no group differences were found. Conclusions The results point to the role of two distinguishable processes of emotional difficulti…
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“Testing more complex emotional regulation targeting the OFC with cognitive reappraisal of emotional pictures, BPD patients have been found to activate lOFC to a lesser extent than controls while they activated amygdala and insula more (Schulze et al., 2011; Figure 8D).”
From Top-Down Dysregulation—From ADHD to Emotional Instability (2016) · cites this paper as Schulze et al., 2011
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Ochsner, K. N., Silvers, J. A., & Buhle, J. T. (2012) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06751.x · Cited by 1,879
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Neural network of cognitive emotion regulation—an ALE meta-analysis and MACM analysis
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“…the results of various studies on cognitive emotion regulation in fMRI and PET and found significant convergent activations in several areas previously proposed to play an important role in the regulation of emotional states (McRae et al., 2010; Ochsner and Gross, 2005; Schulze et al., 2011).”
BackgroundResultThe Future of Emotion Regulation Research: Capturing Context
Aldao, A. (2013) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691612459518 · Cited by 948
“…Johnstone, van Reekum, Urry, Kalin, & Davidson, 2007), anxiety (e.g., Campbell-Sills et al., 2011), and borderline personality disorder (e.g., Schulze et al., 2011); suppression in depression (e.g., Dalgleish & Yiend, 2006) and anxiety (e.g., Kingsep & Page, 2010); suppression and…”
BackgroundEmotion regulation and mental health: recent findings, current challenges, and future directions
Berking, M., & Wupperman, P. (2012) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e3283503669 · Cited by 836
The Neural Bases of Distraction and Reappraisal
McRae, K., Hughes, B., Chopra, S., Gabrieli, J. D. E., Gross, J. J., & Ochsner, K. N. (2010) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21243 · Cited by 642
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Emotion Recognition in Borderline Personality Disorder—A Review of the Literature
Domes, G., Schulze, L., & Herpertz, S. C. (2009) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2009.23.1.6 · Cited by 371
Self-citationSakiris, N., & Berle, D. (2019) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101751 · Cited by 369
“These include major depressive disorder (Nolen-Hoeksema, Wisco, & Lyubomirsky, 2008), generalised anxiety disorder (Mennin, Holoway, Fresco, Moore, & Heimberg, 2007), social anxiety disorder (Kashdan & Breen, 2008), somatoform disorders (Waller & Scheidt, 2006), borderline personality disorder (Schulze et al., 2011),…”
BackgroundZilverstand, A., Parvaz, M. A., & Goldstein, R. Z. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.06.009 · Cited by 360
Emotion Dysregulation as a Core Feature of Borderline Personality Disorder
Glenn, C. R., & Klonsky, E. D. (2009) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2009.23.1.20 · Cited by 336
Dörfel, D., Lamke, J.-P., Hummel, F., Wagner, U., Erk, S., & Walter, H. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.06.051 · Cited by 322
“Moreover, dysfunction of emotion regulation is a well-known feature of psychiatric conditions (Davidson et al., 2000, 2002; Erk et al., 2010a; Johnstone and Walter, 2014; Kanske et al., 2012; Koenigsberg et al., 2009; Schulze et al., 2010).”
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The Latest Neuroimaging Findings in Borderline Personality Disorder
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Self-citationThe role of emotion regulation in the characterization, development and treatment of psychopathology
Lincoln, T. M., Schulze, L., & Renneberg, B. (2022) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-022-00040-4 · Cited by 234
Self-citationNeural circuitry of impaired emotion regulation in substance use disorders
Wilcox, C. E., Pommy, J. M., & Adinoff, B. (2016) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15060710 · Cited by 213
“Anxiety and borderline personality disorders are associated with insula/amygdala hyperactivation during tasks of affect intensity/reactivity, andamygdala/insula activation is positively associated with self-reported negative valence of task stimuli (18, 21, 44, 53, 55, 56).”
Goodman, M., Carpenter, D., Tang, C. Y., Goldstein, K. E., Avedon, J., Fernandez, N., Mascitelli, K. A., Blair, N. J., New, A. S., Triebwasser, J., et al. (2014) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.06.020 · Cited by 198
“For example, the studies reporting amygdala hyperactivity (e.g., Koenigsberg et al., 2009; Minzenberg et al., 2007; Schulze et al., 2011) involved unmedicated BPD patients, while the studies demonstrating diminished amygdala responsivity included participants currently taking psychotropic medications (Smoski et al.”
Reduced plasma oxytocin levels in female patients with borderline personality disorder
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“The intranasal administration of oxytocin in healthy male volunteers has been found to reduce stress and enhance the correct recognition of facial emotions, theory of mind, and trust (e.g., Domes et al., 2007; Heinrichs et al., 2003; Kosfeld et al., 2005; Schulze et al., 2011a).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPotentiated amygdala response to repeated emotional pictures in borderline personality disorder
Hazlett, E. A., Zhang, J., New, A. S., Zelmanova, Y., Goldstein, K. E., Haznedar, M. M., Meyerson, D., Goodman, M., Siever, L. J., & Chu, K.-W. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.03.027 · Cited by 186
Borderline personality disorder
Gunderson, J. G., Herpertz, S. C., Skodol, A. E., Torgersen, S. O., & Zanarini, M. C. (2018) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2018.29 · Cited by 511
Self-citationTop-Down Dysregulation—From ADHD to Emotional Instability
Petrovic, P., & Castellanos, F. X. (2016) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00070 · Cited by 179
“Testing more complex emotional regulation targeting the OFC with cognitive reappraisal of emotional pictures, BPD patients have been found to activate lOFC to a lesser extent than controls while they activated amygdala and insula more (Schulze et al., 2011; Figure 8D).”
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“A number of questionnaire studies showed altered emotion regulation across different diagnoses (Berking et al., 2008) and there is also some indication that these deficits can be observed on the neural level in different diagnoses (Modinos et al., 2010; Schulze et al., 2011).”
BackgroundPowers, J. P., & LaBar, K. S. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.04.023 · Cited by 173
“…taking including mentalizing (Frith and Frith, 2006; Saxe and Kanwisher, 2003), representing alternative visual perspectives (Aichhorn et al., 2006; Schurz et al., 2013), egocentric spatial representation (Schindler and Bartels, 2013), and representing the position of the body in space (Blanke et…”
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“Supporting this assertion, individuals with BPD perceived themselves as being less successful at using cognitive reappraisal tactics even when no behavioral differences in performance were evident.(169,170) People with BPD may also overvalue ineffective ER strategies that favor short-term benefits over long-term goals…”
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“Schulze et al. (2011) instructed their participants slightly different: participants had to imagine that the situation was not real or that they were a detached observer.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialEmotion regulation by cognitive reappraisal — The role of frontal theta oscillations
Ertl, M., Hildebrandt, M., Ourina, K., Leicht, G., & Mulert, C. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.044 · Cited by 185
“The left middle/inferior frontal gyrus as estimated by the sLORETA analysis, is a very consistent finding in fMRI based emotion regulation research (Johnstone et al., 2007; Ochsner et al., 2002; Schulze et al., 2011; Winecoff et al., 2011).”
InfluentialGlutamatergic transmission in schizophrenia
Kantrowitz, J. T., & Javitt, D. C. (2012) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e32835035b2 · Cited by 159
Emotion regulation, attention to emotion, and the ventral attentional network
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Self-citationReconsidering Emotion Dysregulation
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“A recent research [112] provides evidence for difficulties in cognitive reappraisal of aversive stimuli and negative emotions in female borderline patients.”
Alterations of amygdala-prefrontal connectivity with real-time fMRI neurofeedback in BPD patients.
Paret, C., Kluetsch, R., Zaehringer, J., Ruf, M., Demirakca, T., Bohus, M., Ende, G., & Schmahl, C. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsw016 · Cited by 114
“Those with BPD also show reduced lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation in the processing of emotions (Schulze et al., 2011, 2016; Krause-Utz et al., 2012; Lang et al., 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citationImpairments of Interpersonal Functioning: Empathy and Intimacy in Borderline Personality Disorder
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Self-citationAffective Disturbance and Psychopathology: An Emotion Regulation Perspective
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Cognitive reappraisal in trauma-exposed women with borderline personality disorder
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“However, in contrast to Koenigsberg et al. (2009) and Schulze et al. (2011), we did not find enhanced activity in the amygdala or insula in BPD patients relative to HC subjects.”
InfluentialHerpertz, S. C., & Bertsch, K. (2015) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15020216 · Cited by 147
“neuronal activity in the anterior insula (25, 26).”
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Self-citationGray matter abnormalities in patients with narcissistic personality disorder
Schulze, L., Dziobek, I., Vater, A., Heekeren, H. R., Bajbouj, M., Renneberg, B., Heuser, I., & Roepke, S. (2013) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.05.017 · Cited by 102
“Several studies in non-clinical (Domes et al., 2010; Kanske et al., 2011; Ochsner et al., 2004) and clinical populations (Erk et al., 2011; Johnstone et al., 2007; Schulze et al., 2011) have emphasized the importance of prefrontal structures in this regard.”
BackgroundSelf-citationBrain volumes differ between diagnostic groups of violent criminal offenders
Bertsch, K., Grothe, M. J., Prehn, K., Vohs, K., Berger, C., Hauenstein, K., Keiper, P., Domes, G., Teipel, S. J., & Herpertz, S. C. (2013) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-013-0391-6 · Cited by 111
“(female) BPD patients suggest an association of the patients’ emotional hyperreactivity, impulsivity, and reactive aggression with disturbed fronto-limbic inhibition [9, 10], only little is known about structural and functional alterations in (male) offenders with BPD.”
BackgroundSelf-citationDown-regulation of amygdala activation with real-time fMRI neurofeedback in a healthy female sample
Paret, C., Kluetsch, R., Ruf, M., Demirakca, T., Hoesterey, S., Ende, G., & Schmahl, C. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00299 · Cited by 95
“ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 18 September 2014 doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00299 Down-regulation of amygdala activation with real-time fMRI neurofeedback in a healthy female sample”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationFunctional Connectivity of Pain-Mediated Affect Regulation in Borderline Personality Disorder
Niedtfeld, I., Kirsch, P., Schulze, L., Herpertz, S., Bohus, M., & Schmahl, C. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033293 · Cited by 91
“Although earlier studies proposed an altered connectivity between limbic and prefrontal regions in BPD [15,52], this is to our knowledge the first study directly addressing functional connectivity during an emotion regulation task in BPD.”
ResultSelf-citationBorderline personality disorder and bipolar affective disorder. Spectra or spectre? A review
Bassett, D. L. (2012) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867411435289 · Cited by 94
“Schulze et al. (2011) used fMRI to examine differences in metabolic activity associated with emotional reactivity in female patients with borderline personality disorder and healthy controls during a delayed reappraisal paradigm using aversive pictures and cognitive reappraisal strategies.”
MethodKoenigsberg, H., Denny, B. T., Fan, J., Liu, X., Guerreri, S., Mayson, S., Rimsky, L., New, A., Goodman, M., & Siever, L. (2014) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13070852 · Cited by 87
“Anomalous neural activity has been identified in borderline patients during cognitive reappraisal (7, 8).”
BackgroundResultA Neurobiological Model of Borderline Personality Disorder: Systematic and Integrative Review
Ruocco, A. C., & Carcone, D. (2016) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000123 · Cited by 111
“, scenes of loss, grief, abuse, or physical threat) by imagining either that the situation was not real or that they were detached observers.(138,144) A third study incorporated three standardized negative and neutral scripts and instructed participants to distance themselves from the contents of the scripts by percei…”
BackgroundAmygdala hyperactivation to angry faces in intermittent explosive disorder
McCloskey, M. S., Phan, K. L., Angstadt, M., Fettich, K. C., Keedy, S., & Coccaro, E. F. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.04.006 · Cited by 95
Picó‐Pérez, M., Alemany-Navarro, M., Dunsmoor, J. E., Raduà, J., Albajes‐Eizagirre, A., Vervliet, B., Cardoner, N., Benet, O., Harrison, B. J., Soriano‐Mas, C., et al. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.029 · Cited by 105
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Krause-Utz, A., Veer, I. M., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., Bohus, M., Schmahl, C. G., & Elzinga, B. M. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291714000324 · Cited by 79
“Several studies in BPD patients have reported hyperactivity of the amygdala and insula during emotional challenge (Niedtfeld et al. 2010; Schulze et al. 2011; Leichsenring et al. 2011; Krause-Utz et al. 2012; O‘Neill & Frodl, 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationKamphausen, S. B., Schröder, P., Maier, S. J., Bader, K., Feige, B., Kaller, C. P., Glauche, V., Ohlendorf, S., van Elst, L. T., Klöppel, S., et al. (2012) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622975.2012.665174 · Cited by 86
“Similarly, Schulze et al. (2011) found reduced activity of the left orbitofrontal cortex and increased activity of the bilateral insula in BPD patients versus controls during the attempt to decrease their initial emotional reaction to emotional scenes.”
BackgroundfMRI feedback enhances emotion regulation as evidenced by a reduced amygdala response
Sarkheil, P., Zilverstand, A., Kilian-Hütten, N., Schneider, F., Goebel, R., & Mathiak, K. (2015) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.11.027 · Cited by 77
Rausch, J., Gäbel, A., Nagy, K., Kleindienst, N., Herpertz, S. C., & Bertsch, K. (2015) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.02.002 · Cited by 75
Self-citationSchmitt, R., Winter, D., Niedtfeld, I., Herpertz, S. C., & Schmahl, C. G. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.07.003 · Cited by 80
Self-citationKuo, J. R., Fitzpatrick, S., Metcalfe, R., & McMain, S. (2015) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.05.002 · Cited by 83
“…scripts (Lang et al., 2012) as well as reduced deactivation of the amygdala (Koenigsberg et al., 2009) and increased activation of the insula (Schulze et al., 2011) during reappraisal of negative images compared with HCs. Ruocco, Medaglia, Ayaz, and Chute (2010) examined the effects of…”
BackgroundTime course of facial emotion processing in women with borderline personality disorder: an ERP study
Hidalgo, N. A. I., Oelkers‐Ax, R., Nagy, K., Mancke, F., Bohus, M., Herpertz, S. C., & Bertsch, K. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.140215 · Cited by 78
Self-citationFrederickson, J., Messina, I., & Grecucci, A. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02054 · Cited by 70
Review on Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation and Music: Implications for Emotion Dysregulation
Hou, J., Song, B., Chen, A. C. N., Sun, C., Zhou, J., Zhu, H., & Beauchaine, T. P. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00501 · Cited by 85
“…al., 2006) are all implicated in emotional reactivity, whereas the OFC (Ito, 2004; Rempel-Clower, 2007), vlPFC, dlPFC (Elliott, 2003; Chan et al., 2008; Levy and Wagner, 2011), and anterior insula (Sitaram et al., 2014) are implicated in effortful regulation of emotion (see Schulze et al., 2011).”
BackgroundBączkowski, B. M., van Zutphen, L., Siep, N., Jacob, G. A., Domes, G., Maier, S. J., Sprenger, A., Senft, A., Willenborg, B., Tüscher, O., et al. (2016) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-016-0760-z · Cited by 78
Self-citationDistinct brain structure and behavior related to ADHD and conduct disorder traits
Bayard, F., Nymberg Thunell, C., Abé, C., Almeida, R., Banaschewski, T., Barker, G., Bokde, A. L. W., Bromberg, U., Büchel, C., Quinlan, E. B., et al. (2020) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-018-0202-6 · Cited by 67
Soloff, P. H., White, R. T., Omari, A. A., Ramaseshan, K. S., & Diwadkar, V. A. (2015) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.04.006 · Cited by 73
Holtmann, J., Herbort, M. C., Wüstenberg, T., Soch, J., Richter, S., Walter, H., Roepke, S., & Schott, B. H. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00054 · Cited by 63
“Compatibly, a direct investigation of voluntary emotion regulation in BPD has indeed yielded both increased amygdala activation and decreased recruitment of the OFC in BPD patients relative to healthy controls (Schulze et al., 2011).”
BackgroundRegional brain responses in nulliparous women to emotional infant stimuli
Montoya, J. L., Landi, N., Kober, H., Worhunsky, P. D., Rutherford, H. J. V., Mencl, W. E., Mayes, L. C., & Potenza, M. N. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036270 · Cited by 61
“For example, healthy subjects as compared to individuals with borderline personality disorder, a condition characterized by emotional dysregulation, showed greater recruitment of the precentral gyrus during responses to aversive as compared to neutral stimuli [68].”
BackgroundEmotion Regulation by Psychological Distance and Level of Abstraction: Two Meta-Analyses
Moran, T., & Eyal, T. (2022) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/10888683211069025 · Cited by 76
Vega, D., Ripollés, P., Soto, À., Torrúbia, R., Ribas, J., Monreal, J. A., Pascual, J. C., Salvador, R. M., Pomarol‐Clotet, E., Rodríguez‐Fornells, A., et al. (2017) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-017-9687-x · Cited by 74
Neurocognitive profiles of people with borderline personality disorder
Mak, A. D. P., & Lam, L. C. W. (2012) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e32835b57a9 · Cited by 63
Prehn, K., Schulze, L., Rossmann, S., Berger, C., Vohs, K., Fleischer, M., Hauenstein, K., Keiper, P., Domes, G., & Herpertz, S. C. (2012) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622975.2011.584906 · Cited by 60
“…were randomly presented and preceeded by an instruction BPD (for a review see, Domes et al. 2009) as well as a pronounced defi cit regarding the cognitive control of emotions (reappraisal of affective stimuli) associated with decreased activity in the orbitofrontal cortex (Schulze et al. 2011).”
MethodSelf-citationSauer, C., Sheppes, G., Lackner, H. K., Arens, E. A., Tarrasch, R., & Barnow, S. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.113 · Cited by 68
(2016) · doi:10.1093/scan/nsw183 · Cited by 58
“In previous studies using similar picture sets, it was found that BPD patients rated IAPS pictures as more arous- ing than HCs (Schulze et al., 2011) and tended to show less habituation over the course of the experiment (Koenigsberg et al., 2014).”
BackgroundSelf-citationKrause-Utz, A., Winter, D., Schriner, F., Chiu, C.-D., Lis, S., Spinhoven, P., Bohus, M., Schmahl, C., & Elzinga, B. M. (2018) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-017-0806-x · Cited by 57
Self-citationBrand, B. L., & Lanius, R. A. (2014) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/2051-6673-1-13 · Cited by 64
“Heightened limbic reactivity particularly affecting the amygdala and insula has been a well replicated finding in response to exposure to negative emotional stimuli in BPD [90-96].”
BackgroundEnhanced emotional interference on working memory performance in adults with ADHD
Marx, I., Domes, G., Havenstein, C., Berger, C., Schulze, L., & Herpertz, S. C. (2011) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622975.2011.599213 · Cited by 47
“Particularly the anterior cingulate (with dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmission involvement), but also the orbitofrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex most likely integrate emotion and cognitive control processes (Holroyd and Coles 2002; Ochsner et al. 2004; Schulze et al. 2011).”
BackgroundSelf-citationWolf, R. C., Thomann, P. A., Sambataro, F., Vasic, N., Schmid, M., & Wolf, N. D. (2012) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-012-0303-1 · Cited by 54
“roimaging studies in BPD have revealed abnormalities of OFC volume [13, 14], metabolism [15, 16] and activation [2, 4, 5, 17].”
BackgroundResultMeaney, R., Hasking, P., & Reupert, A. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157294 · Cited by 53
“Specifically, compared to those without the disorder, people with BPD employ significantly more expressive suppression (a response-focused strategy involving inhibiting the expression of distressing emotions) [34], and less cognitive reappraisal (an antecedent-focused strategy, whereby a potentially distressing event…”
BackgroundModulation of negative emotions through anodal tDCS over the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
Vergallito, A., Riva, P., Pisoni, A., & Lauro, L. J. R. (2018) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.07.037 · Cited by 55
Bertsch, K., Hillmann, K., & Herpertz, S. (2018) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000487363 · Cited by 53
Self-citationEmotion dysregulation in borderline personality disorder: A fronto–limbic imbalance?
Sicorello, M., & Schmahl, C. G. (2020) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.12.002 · Cited by 62
Self-citationEnhanced Detection of Emotional Facial Expressions in Borderline Personality Disorder
Schulze, L., Domes, G., Köppen, D., & Herpertz, S. C. (2012) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000341730 · Cited by 45
Self-citationNeural correlates of effective and ineffective mood induction
Kohn, N., Falkenberg, I., Kellermann, T., Eickhoff, S. B., Gur, R. C., & Habel, U. (2013) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nst055 · Cited by 49
Morandotti, N., Dima, D., Jogia, J., Frangou, S., Sala, M., Vidovich, G. Z. D., Lazzaretti, M., Gambini, F., Marraffini, E., d'Allio, G., et al. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.02.002 · Cited by 49
“…abnormalities in prefrontal regions in BPD patients are related to impairment in emotional regulation (Johnson et al., 2003), cognitive reappraisal (Schulze et al., 2011) and impulse control (Berlin et al., 2005), potentially contributing to impulsive aggressive and self-destructive behaviors…”
Schulze, L., Schmahl, C., & Niedtfeld, I. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.03.027 · Cited by 48
“Prehn K, Schulze L, Rossmann S, Berger C, Vohs K, Fleischer M, et al. (2013): Effects of emotional stimuli on working memory processes in male criminal offenders with borderline and antisocial personality disorder. responses to emotional stimuli in comorbid borderline personality disorder and bipolar depression.”
InfluentialHow Do Stress Exposure and Stress Regulation Relate to Borderline Personality Disorder?
Bourvis, N., Aouidad, A., Cabelguen, C., Cohen, D., & Xavier, J. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02054 · Cited by 48
“…and hippocampus to stressful stimuli in medication-free BPD patients and decreased activity in the bilateral dlPFC and ACC (Minzenberg et al., 2007; Koenigsberg et al., 2009; Schulze et al., 2011, 2016; Hazlett et al., 2012; Bertsch et al., 2013b; Nicol et al., 2015; van Zutphen et al., 2015).”
BackgroundScherpiet, S., Brühl, A. B., Opialla, S., Roth, L., Jäncke, L., & Herwig, U. (2014) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-013-0444-x · Cited by 46
“[8–11], faces [12, 13], or scripts [14], a hyperreactivity of”
BackgroundThe distinctive neural circuitry of complex posttraumatic stress disorder during threat processing
Bryant, R. A., Felmingham, K. L., Malhi, G., Andrew, E., & Korgaonkar, M. S. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719003921 · Cited by 46
“, 2016), potentially reflecting the enhanced emotional reactivity commonly observed in BPD, however, these studies have used negative stimuli not involving facial expressions (Schulze et al., 2011).”
BackgroundHerpertz, S. C., Schneider, I., Schmahl, C. G., & Bertsch, K. (2018) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000488357 · Cited by 41
Self-citationvan der Velde, J., Opmeer, E. M., Liemburg, E. J., Bruggeman, R., Nieboer, R. M., Wunderink, L., & Aleman, A. (2015) · Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/npjschz.2015.26 · Cited by 39
Winter, D., Niedtfeld, I., Schmitt, R., Bohus, M., Schmahl, C., & Herpertz, S. (2017) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-016-0689-2 · Cited by 45
Self-citationHigh prevalence of brain pathology in violent prisoners: a qualitative CT and MRI scan study
Schiltz, K., Witzel, J. G., Bausch-Hölterhoff, J., & Bogerts, B. (2013) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-013-0403-6 · Cited by 48
Lischke, A., Herpertz, S. C., Berger, C., Domes, G., & Gamer, M. (2017) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsx107 · Cited by 47
“Whereas BPD participants in these studies performed complex tasks that required the regulation of their emotional responses (e.g. Koenigsberg et al., 2009; Niedtfeld et al., 2010; Schulze et al., 2011), BPD participants in this study performed a simple task that did not require regulatory efforts.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationEmotion Regulation: Definition and Relevance for Mental Health
Berking, M., & Whitley, B. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1022-9_2 · Cited by 57
Marceau, E. M., Meuldijk, D., Townsend, M. L., Solowij, N., & Grenyer, B. F. S. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.001 · Cited by 57
“This is particularly relevant in regard to the literature that has investigated neurobiological correlates of specific strategy training in BPD (e.g., Dixon-Gordon et al., 2017; Koenigsberg et al., 2009; Metcalfe et al., 2017; Schulze et al., 2011; Silvers et al., 2016) and further research that may inform the design…”
BackgroundParsing variability in borderline personality disorder: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies
Degasperi, G., Cristea, I., Rosa, E. D., Costa, C., & Gentili, C. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01446-z · Cited by 40
Brandl, F., Corbi, Z. L. H., Bratec, S. M., & Sorg, C. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.07.008 · Cited by 45
Social Dysfunctioning and Brain in Borderline Personality Disorder
Herpertz, S. C., Jeung, H., Mancke, F., & Bertsch, K. (2014) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000365106 · Cited by 38
Self-citationde la Peña-Arteaga, V., Berruga-Sánchez, M., Steward, T., Martínez-Zalacaín, I., Goldberg, X., Wainsztein, A., Abulafia, C., Cardoner, N., Castro, M., Villarreal, M., et al. (2021) · European psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2231 · Cited by 39
“Importantly, this has been suggested to underlie several of the pathological manifestations of this disorder, including affective instability, intense and tumultuous relationships, difficulty controlling anger, impulsivity, suicidal tendencies, and deliberate self-harm (thought to serve an emotion-regulating function)…”
BackgroundAlbein-Urios, N., Verdejo-Román, J., Soriano-Mas, C., Asensio, S., Martínez-González, J. M., & Verdéjo-Garcia, A. (2013) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.04.012 · Cited by 39
“Specifically, they exhibit consistent reductions in subgenual anterior cingulate cortex activation during negative emotion experience (Ruocco et al., 2013) and increased insula and decreased orbitofrontal cortex activation during reappraisal (Schulze et al., 2011).”
BackgroundKrause-Utz, A., Walther, J.-C., Lis, S., Schmahl, C., & Bohus, M. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718002489 · Cited by 38
“, 2016), although BPD patients showed altered neural activity in circuits implicated in ER (Koenigsberg et al., 2009; Schulze et al., 2011; Paret et al., 2016; Schmitt et al., 2016; Zilverstand et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationSilvers, J. A., Hubbard, A. D., Biggs, E. A., Shu, J., Fertuck, E. A., Chaudhury, S. R., Grunebaum, M. F., Weber, J., Hedy Kober, A., Chesin, M. S., et al. (2016) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.06.009 · Cited by 49
“With regards to reappraisal specifically, individuals with BPD report comparable reappraisal-related decreases in negative affect to controls, yet show different PFC and amygdala recruitment when reappraising (Koenigsberg et al., 2009a; Lang et al., 2012; Schulze et al., 2011).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPetrovic, P., Ekman, C. J., Klahr, J., Tigerström, L., Rydén, G., Johansson, A. G. M., Sellgren, C., Golkar, A., Olsson, A., Öhman, A., et al. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsv072 · Cited by 38
“Apart from lower functional activations in emotional regulation tasks (Wingenfeld et al., 2009; Yang and Raine, 2009; Schulze et al., 2011), volumetric studies have found reduced brain volume in rACC and lObfc (Soloff et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialDaros, A. R., Guevara, M. A., Uliaszek, A. A., McMain, S. F., & Ruocco, A. C. (2018) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000487008 · Cited by 37
Emotion regulation unveiled through the categorical lens of attachment
Domic‐Siede, M., Guzmán‐González, M., Sánchez‐Corzo, A., Álvarez, X., Araya, V., Espinoza, C., Zenis, K., & Marín-Medina, J. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01748-z · Cited by 47
Metadata
- Authors
- Schulze, L., Domes, G., Krüger, A., Berger, C., Fleischer, M., Prehn, K., Schmahl, C., Grossmann, A., Hauenstein, K., & Herpertz, S. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Rostock (DE)
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Freie Universität Berlin (DE)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Herpertz, Sabine C.
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-03
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 564-573
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1992311480
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 25.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- FreiDok plus (Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- German Research Foundation (DFG He 2660/7-1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Keywords
- borderline personality disorder, cognitive reappraisal, emotion regulation, neuroticism, amygdala, insula, orbitofrontal cortex, emotional reactivity, negative emotions, aversive stimuli, prefrontal cortex dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Arousal, Borderline Personality Disorder, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuropsychological Tests, Photic Stimulation, Psychometrics, Mood Disorders, Young Adult
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