CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 466Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchStress Responses and CortisolChild Abuse and Trauma

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 173 of the 173 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Relations among posttraumatic stress disorder, comorbid major depression, and HPA function: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Open access
Morris, Matthew C., Compas, Bruce E., Garber, Judy·2012·Clinical Psychology Review
DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2012.02.002PMC PMC3340453
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Exposure to traumatic stress is associated with increased risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alterations of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) function. Research linking traumatic stress with HPA function in PTSD has been inconsistent, however, in part due to (a) the inclusion of trauma-exposed individuals without PTSD (TE) in control groups and (b) a failure to consider comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD) and moderating variables. This meta-analysis of 47 studies (123 effect sizes, N=6008 individuals) revealed that daily cortisol output was lower for PTSD (d=-.36, SE=.15, p=.008) and PTSD+MDD (d=-.65, SE=.25, p=.008) groups relative to no trauma controls (NTC); TE and NTC groups did not differ significantly from each other. Afternoon/evening cortisol was lower in TE (d=-.25, SE=.09, p=.007) and PTSD (d=-.27, SE=.12, p=.021) groups and higher in PTSD+MDD groups (d=.49, SE=.24, p=.041) relative to NTC. Post-DST cortisol levels were lower in PTSD (d=-.40, SE=.12, p<.001), PTSD+MDD (d=-.65, SE=.14, p<.001), and TE groups (d=-.53, SE=.14, p<.001) relative to NTC. HPA effect sizes were moderated by age, sex, time since index event, and developmental timing of trauma exposure. These findings suggest that enhanced HPA feedback function may be a marker of trauma-exposure rather than a specific mechanism of vulnerability for PTSD, whereas lower daily cortisol output may be associated with PTSD in particular.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.cpr.2012.02.002

Cites

173 of 173 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. *Lemieux, A.M. (1998). Abuse-related posttraumatic stress disorder: Challenge to the norepinephrine-to-cortisol hypothesis (Doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Madison). Dissertation Abstracts International, 59(2B), 0908.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 466

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Morris, M. C., Compas, B. E., & Garber, J.
Affiliations
  • Meharry Medical College (US)
  • Vanderbilt University (US)
Corresponding author
Morris, Matthew C.
ORCID
Venue
Clinical Psychology Review
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2012-06
Volume
32
Issue
4
Pages
301-315
ISSN
0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.cpr.2012.02.002
PMC
PMC3340453
OpenAlex
W2158809703
Cited by
466
References
173
Citations by year
2026: 20 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 4
FWCI
4.39
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research
  • Georgia Clinical and Translational Science Alliance
  • Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
  • Commercializations Promotion Agency for R and D Outcomes
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (R01HM069940)
  • Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison
  • National Institute of Mental Health (T32 MH 18921, RC1MH088329, R01MH068391, T32MH018921, R01MH069940, R01MH64735, F31MH084425, R01MH064735)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA017805)
  • National Center for Research Resources (G12RR003032, KL2RR024977, TL1RR024978, UL1RR024975)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Keywords
post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, comorbidities, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, cortisol, trauma exposure, diurnal cortisol rhythm, sex differences, age differences, time since trauma
MeSH terms
Circadian Rhythm, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Dexamethasone, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review