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Resolving New Memories: A Critical Look at the Dentate Gyrus, Adult Neurogenesis, and Pattern Separation
Open accessAbstract
Recently, investigation of new neurons in memory formation has focused on a specific function-pattern separation. However, it has been difficult to reconcile the form of separation tested in behavioral tasks with how it is conceptualized according to computational and electrophysiology perspectives. Here, we propose a memory resolution hypothesis that considers the unique information contributions of broadly tuned young neurons and highly specific mature neurons and describe how the fidelity of memories can relate to spatial and contextual discrimination. See the related Perspective from Sahay, Wilson, and Hen, "Pattern Separation: A Common Function for New Neurons in Hippocampus and Olfactory Bulb," in this issue of Neuron.
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“Yet, hippocampal adult neurogenesis is required for learning and memory, in particular for pattern separation, i.e., the ability to disentangle similar memory patterns within the output to CA3; indeed this ability, although inherent to the dentate gyrus circuitry, is strongly enhanced from the addition of new neurons to the existing circuits (Aimone et al., 2011;Sahay et al., 2011;Tirone et al., 2”
From Depression and adult neurogenesis: Positive effects of the antidepressant fluoxetine and of physical exercise (2018) · cites this paper as Aimone et al., 2011
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“The dentate gyrus (DG) subregion of the hippocampus mediates episodic memory formation and the disambiguation of similar but discrete events, a phenomenon known as pattern separation [3], [4], [5], [6].”
From Arf4 Determines Dentate Gyrus-Mediated Pattern Separation by Regulating Dendritic Spine Development (2012) · cites this paper as [4]
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“This primarily occurs through the role that neurogenesis plays in facilitating memory formation by dictating a computational mechanism known as pattern separation (Aimone et al., 2011; Sahay et al., 2011).”
From Aerobic Exercise as a Tool to Improve Hippocampal Plasticity and Function in Humans: Practical Implications for Mental Health Treatment (2016) · cites this paper as Aimone et al., 2011
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Citations
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Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Adult Neurogenesis in the Mammalian Brain: Significant Answers and Significant Questions
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“…and long-term spatial memory retention, spatial pattern discrimination, trace conditioning and contextual fear conditioning, clearance of hippocampal memory traces, and reorganization of memory to extrahippocampal substrates (reviewed by Deng et al., 2010; Aimone et al., 2011 in this issue).”
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“Since new GNs may assist in pattern separation and old GNs in pattern completion (Aimone et al., 2011), steady AHN and concurrent elimination of older GNs likely supports human complex learning and memory and emotion-guided behavior throughout a long lifespan.”
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“A number of subsequent studies utilizing irradiation or genetic modification to eliminate adult neurogenesis in rodent models also observed impaired performance in spatial-navigation learning and long-term spatial memory retention, spatial pattern discrimination, trace conditioning and contextual fear conditioning, cl…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Aimone, J. B., Deng, W., & Gage, F. H.
- Affiliations
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gage, Fred H.
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-05
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 589-596
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3240575
- OpenAlex
- W2069785065
- Cited by
- 663
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 62 · 2014: 71 · 2013: 63 · 2012: 58
- FWCI
- 5.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health
- James S. McDonnell Foundation
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH090258)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- dentate gyrus, adult neurogenesis, pattern separation, hippocampus, spatial discrimination, contextual discrimination, memory fidelity, mature neurons, memory formation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Animals, Humans, Memory, Dentate Gyrus, Neurogenesis
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