Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and its role in Alzheimer’s disease
Open accessAbstract
The hippocampus, a brain area critical for learning and memory, is especially vulnerable to damage at early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Emerging evidence has indicated that altered neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus represents an early critical event in the course of AD. Although causal links have not been established, a variety of key molecules involved in AD pathogenesis have been shown to impact new neuron generation, either positively or negatively. From a functional point of view, hippocampal neurogenesis plays an important role in structural plasticity and network maintenance. Therefore, dysfunctional neurogenesis resulting from early subtle disease manifestations may in turn exacerbate neuronal vulnerability to AD and contribute to memory impairment, whereas enhanced neurogenesis may be a compensatory response and represent an endogenous brain repair mechanism. Here we review recent findings on alterations of neurogenesis associated with pathogenesis of AD, and we discuss the potential of neurogenesis-based diagnostics and therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Previous studies have demonstrated significant functional and structural changes in the hippocampus in AD, which are likely due to impaired neurogenesis.
“Previous studies have demonstrated significant functional and structural changes in the hippocampus in AD, which are likely due to impaired neurogenesis (Mu and Gage, 2011; Chiquita et al., 2019).”
From Multimodal MRI combined with RNA sequencing reveals pathological signatures in the 9-month-old 3×Tg-AD mouse brain (2026) · cites this paper as Mu and Gage, 2011
The Abstract describes early hippocampal damage in AD and says altered neurogenesis may contribute to neuronal vulnerability and memory impairment. But it explicitly states that causal links have not been established, while the Conclusions note both increased and decreased neurogenesis across studies. The source therefore does not establish that hippocampal functional and structural changes are likely due to impaired neurogenesis. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredHippocampal neurogenesis plays a crucial role in structural plasticity and cognitive deficits observed in AD mouse models.
“Hippocampal neurogenesis plays a crucial role in structural plasticity and cognitive deficits observed in AD mouse models, which prompted our focus on this specific region.”
From Multimodal MRI combined with RNA sequencing reveals pathological signatures in the 9-month-old 3×Tg-AD mouse brain (2026) · cites this paper as Mu and Gage, 2011
The Introduction links hippocampal neurogenesis to plasticity, and the “Neurogenesis deficits in AD mouse models” section reports altered neurogenesis alongside learning and memory impairment. But that section says it remains unclear whether reduced neurogenesis causes the impairment; the claim overstates its established role in cognitive deficits. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredNeuronal populations in the dentate gyrus (DG), CA1-4 subfields, and subiculum are selectively vulnerable in AD and DS-AD.
“which are selectively vulnerable in AD and DS‐AD. 17”
From Disruption of hippocampal upstream regulators of mTOR and insulin pathways in Down syndrome with Alzheimer's disease neuropathology: Preliminary observations (2026) · cites this paper as [17]
The Introduction (page not provided) says that the hippocampus is among the earliest brain areas affected in AD and identifies the DG, CA1–CA3, and subiculum as parts of the hippocampal formation. It does not establish selective vulnerability for each listed neuronal population, does not include CA4 in that list, and does not address DS-AD. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAnother study revealed decreased neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus DG in 5xFAD mice, which plays an important role in cognitive dysfunction.
“Another study revealed decrease neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus DG in 5xFAD mice,91 which plays an important role in cognitive dysfunction.”
From Interferon signaling modulates Down syndrome-associated Alzheimer’s disease pathology in a mouse model (2025) · cites this paper as [92]
The “Neurogenesis deficits in AD mouse models” section (page unavailable) reports reduced dentate-gyrus neurogenesis in several AD mouse models, but does not identify 5xFAD mice among them. It reports a correlation with impaired learning in PS1M146V mice and explicitly says it remains unclear whether reduced neurogenesis causes the memory deficits. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Li, Y., Tang, Z., Yao, M., Ran, Y., & Qiu, Z. (2026) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-25-00006
Nordbeck, A. J., Martá‐Ariza, M., Ek Olofsson, H., Kanshin, E., Ueberheide, B., Jones, K., Sanford, B., Hamlett, E. D., Head, E., Mufson, E. J., et al. (2026) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.71776
- Authors
- Mu, Y., & Gage, F. H.
- Affiliations
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mu, Yangling
- ORCID
- Gage, Fred H
- Venue
- Molecular Neurodegeneration
- Published
- 2011
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 85
- ISSN
- 1750-1326 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3261815
- OpenAlex
- W2145796722
- Cited by
- 1,021
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 97 · 2023: 115 · 2022: 100 · 2021: 90 · 2020: 83 · 2019: 76 · 2018: 79 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 60 · 2015: 58 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 3.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Molecular Neurodegeneration (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ellison Medical Foundation
- James S. McDonnell Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- adult hippocampal neurogenesis, Alzheimer's disease, hippocampus, memory impairment, structural plasticity, neuronal vulnerability, compensatory neurogenesis, AD pathogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Hippocampus, Humans, Learning, Memory, Memory Disorders, Neurons, Neurogenesis, Neural Stem Cells
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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