Running enhances spatial pattern separation in mice
Open accessAbstract
Increasing evidence suggests that regular exercise improves brain health and promotes synaptic plasticity and hippocampal neurogenesis. Exercise improves learning, but specific mechanisms of information processing influenced by physical activity are unknown. Here, we report that voluntary running enhanced the ability of adult (3 months old) male C57BL/6 mice to discriminate between the locations of two adjacent identical stimuli. Improved spatial pattern separation in adult runners was tightly correlated with increased neurogenesis. In contrast, very aged (22 months old) mice had impaired spatial discrimination and low basal cell genesis that was refractory to running. These findings suggest that the addition of newly born neurons may bolster dentate gyrus-mediated encoding of fine spatial distinctions.
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Running induces an increase of performance in different hippocampus-dependent cognitive tasks, such as spatial memory and spatial pattern separation, novel object recognition, and contextual fear conditioning.
“As for running, there is straightforward evidence that, in parallel with the surge of proliferation of progenitor cells, it induces an increase of performance in different hippocampus-dependent cognitive tasks, such as spatial memory and spatial pattern separation (Voss et al., 2013;Creer et al., 2010), or novel object recognition (Bolz et al., 2015) and contextual fear conditioning (Kohman et al.”
From Depression and adult neurogenesis: Positive effects of the antidepressant fluoxetine and of physical exercise (2018) · cites this paper as Creer et al., 2010
Improved spatial pattern separation in 3-month-old mice was tightly correlated with increased neurogenesis and vasculature in the dentate gyrus after 10 weeks of voluntary wheel running.
“Another study found that improved spatial pattern separation in 3-month-old mice was tightly correlated with increased neurogenesis and vasculature in the dentate gryus after 10 weeks of voluntary wheel running (117).”
From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [117]
The blocking of aerobic exercise-induced improvements by inhibiting cell proliferation occurred only in conditions in which the task required fine spatial discriminations.
“For example, inhibiting the rate of cell proliferation in mice was sufficient to impair pattern separation (Deng et al., 2010) and block AE-induced improvements in spatial (Clark et al., 2009) and contextual (Wojtowicz et al., 2008) memory performance, but only in conditions in which the task required fine spatial discriminations (i.e., where pattern separation was necessary; Creer et al., 2010).”
From Aerobic Exercise as a Tool to Improve Hippocampal Plasticity and Function in Humans: Practical Implications for Mental Health Treatment (2016) · cites this paper as Creer et al., 2010
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Self-citationBernardo, T. C., Marques‐Aleixo, I., Beleza, J., Oliveira, P. J., Ascensão, A., & Magalhães, J. (2016) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.12403 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Bekinschtein, P., Kent, B. A., Oomen, C. A., Clemenson, G. D., Gage, F. H., Saksida, L. M., & Bussey, T. J. (2014) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.22304 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationAdult hippocampal neurogenesis and its role in cognition.
Oomen, C. A., Bekinschtein, P., Kent, B. A., Saksida, L. M., & Bussey, T. J. (2014) · WIREs Cognitive Science · doi:10.1002/wcs.1304 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Running improves pattern separation during novel object recognition
Bolz, L., Heigele, S., & Bischofberger, J. (2015) · Brain Plasticity · doi:10.3233/bpl-150010 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Age-specific effects of voluntary exercise on memory and the older brain
Siette, J., Westbrook, R. F., Cotman, C., Sidhu, K., Zhu, W., Sachdev, P., & Valenzuela, M. J. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.05.034 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Running reorganizes the circuitry of one-week-old adult-born hippocampal neurons
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Synergistic effects of diet and exercise on hippocampal function in chronically stressed mice
Hutton, C. P., Déry, N., Rosa, E., Lemon, J. A., Rollo, C. D., Boreham, D. R., Fahnestock, M., deCatanzaro, D., Wojtowicz, J. M., & Becker, S. (2015) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.005 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Tirone, F., Farioli-Vecchioli, S., Micheli, L., Ceccarelli, M., & Leonardi, L. (2013) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2013.00059 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
- Authors
- Creer, D. J., Romberg, C., Saksida, L. M., van Praag, H., & Bussey, T. J.
- Affiliations
- National Institute on Aging (US)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224;
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2010-01-19
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2367-2372
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC2836679
- OpenAlex
- W2127807410
- Cited by
- 553
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 57 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 12.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Scholarship@Western (Western University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- voluntary running, spatial pattern separation, hippocampal neurogenesis, adult neurogenesis, spatial discrimination, dentate gyrus, aging, spatial memory
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bromodeoxyuridine, Cell Count, Discrimination Learning, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Motor Activity, Running, Dentate Gyrus, Mice, Neurogenesis
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