Separate neural pathways process different decision costs

Rudebeck, Peter H; Walton, Mark E; Smyth, Angharad N; Bannerman, David M; Rushworth, Matthew F S

doi:10.1038/nn1756

Cited by 580Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesDecision-Making and Behavioral EconomicsNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

Separate neural pathways process different decision costs

Rudebeck, Peter H, Walton, Mark E, Smyth, Angharad N, Bannerman, David M, Rushworth, Matthew F S·2006·Nature Neuroscience

DOI 10.1038/nn1756

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Abstract

Behavioral ecologists and economists emphasize that potential costs, as well as rewards, influence decision making. Although neuroscientists assume that frontal areas are central to decision making, the evidence is contradictory and the critical region remains unclear. Here it is shown that frontal lobe contributions to cost-benefit decision making can be understood by positing the existence of two independent systems that make decisions about delay and effort costs. Anterior cingulate cortex lesions affected how much effort rats decided to invest for rewards. Orbitofrontal cortical lesions affected how long rats decided to wait for rewards. The pattern of disruption suggested the deficit could be related to impaired associative learning. Impairments of the two systems may underlie apathetic and impulsive choice patterns in neurological and psychiatric illnesses. Although the existence of two systems is not predicted by economic accounts of decision making, our results suggest that delay and effort may exert distinct influences on decision making.

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ACC is required for monitoring and prediction of an action-outcome relationship by representing reward-related information such as reward value and cost of action.
“The ACC is required for monitoring and prediction of an action-outcome relationship30,31, by representing various reward-related information, such as reward value and cost of action32–34.”
From Dissociable roles of prefrontal plasticity in decision-making strategy and execution of habitual behavior (2026) · cites this paper as [33]
Rats with orbitofrontal cortex lesions show a similar bias toward immediate rewards.
“Similar results are seen in rats with lesions of the OFC (Mobini et al., 2002; Rudebeck et al., 2006).”
From Impulsivity, frontal lobes and risk for addiction (2009) · cites this paper as Rudebeck et al., 2006
Orbitofrontal cortex moderates impulsive choice and represents subjective value during decision-making.
“The OFC is thought to moderate impulsive choice (Mobini et al., 2002; Rudebeck et al., 2006), and to represent subjective value during decision-making (Izquierdo et al., 2004; Padoa-Schioppa and Assad, 2006; Roesch and Olson, 2004; Schoenbaum and Roesch, 2005).”
From Impulsivity, frontal lobes and risk for addiction (2009) · cites this paper as Rudebeck et al., 2006
dACC/dmPFC neurons signal the net value of rewards associated with effort.
“In addition, single-unit studies have shown that dACC/dmPFC neurons signal the net value of rewards associated with effort, and the necessity of this region in cost–benefit valuation has been demonstrated by lesion studies that report that inactivation of medial prefrontal cortex impairs an animal’s ability to overcome effort costs [15, 16, 25, 48, 55].”
From Neurocomputational mechanisms underlying subjective valuation of effort costs (2017) · cites this paper as [48]
Controlling the temporal parameters of both the cognitive and physical effort tasks eliminated delay discounting as an explanation of choice behaviour.
“Third, by controlling the temporal parameters of both the cognitive and physical effort tasks, it was possible to eliminate delay discounting as an explanation of choice behaviour [5, 47, 48].”
From Neurocomputational mechanisms underlying subjective valuation of effort costs (2017) · cites this paper as [48]

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Authors: Rudebeck, P. H., Walton, M. E., Smyth, A. N., Bannerman, D. M., & Rushworth, M. F. S.
Affiliations: University of Oxford (GB)
Corresponding author: Rudebeck, Peter H
ORCID: Rudebeck, Peter H
Walton, Mark E
Bannerman, David M
Rushworth, Matthew F S
Venue: Nature Neuroscience
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2006-08-20
Volume: 9
Issue: 9
Pages: 1161-1168
ISSN: 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
1546-1726
DOI: 10.1038/nn1756
OpenAlex: W2136906168
Cited by: 580
References: 52
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 27
FWCI: 13.76
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Wellcome Trust (087736)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords: cost-benefit decision making, delay cost, effort cost, anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, frontal lobe lesions, rats, associative learning, impulsive choice, apathy
MeSH terms: Animals, Behavior, Animal, Choice Behavior, Frontal Lobe, Learning Disabilities, Male, Motor Activity, Neural Pathways, Reaction Time, Reward, Maze Learning, Rats

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Separate neural pathways process different decision costs

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