Nicotine Activation of α4* Receptors: Sufficient for Reward, Tolerance, and Sensitization
Abstract
The identity of nicotinic receptor subtypes sufficient to elicit both the acute and chronic effects of nicotine dependence is unknown. We engineered mutant mice with α4 nicotinic subunits containing a single point mutation, Leu 9′ → Ala 9′ in the pore-forming M2 domain, rendering α4* receptors hypersensitive to nicotine. Selective activation of α4* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with low doses of agonist recapitulates nicotine effects thought to be important in dependence, including reinforcement in response to acute nicotine administration, as well as tolerance and sensitization elicited by chronic nicotine administration. These data indicate that activation of α4* receptors is sufficient for nicotine-induced reward, tolerance, and sensitization.
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Knockin of a hypersensitive α4 subunit shifts the dose-response curve for nicotine-induced increases in DA neuron firing to the left and results in nicotine place preference at very low doses.
“Conversely, knockin of a hypersensitive α4 subunit shifts the dose-response curve for nicotine-induced increases in DA neuron firing to the left, and results in nicotine place preference at very low doses of the drug (Tapper et al. 2004).”
From Mechanisms of Nicotine Addiction (2021) · cites this paper as Tapper et al. 2004
Experiments with cultures from α4-hypersensitive mice show that upregulation occurs at chronic nicotine concentrations that activate only α4* receptors, in homotypic GABAergic cultures lacking their typical presynaptic partners, and when tested with ACh concentrations that activate only the α4* receptors.
“Experiments with cultures from α4-hypersensitive mice also show that upregulation occurs (a) at chronic nicotine concentrations that activate only α4* receptors, (b) in homotypic GABAergic cultures lacking their typical presynaptic partners, and (c) when tested with ACh concentrations that activate only the α4* receptors (48,49).”
From Nicotine is a selective pharmacological chaperone of acetylcholine receptor number and stoichiometry. Implications for drug discovery (2009) · cites this paper as [49]
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Yan, J., Di, X., Liu, C., Zhang, H., Huang, X., Zhang, J., Zhao, Y., Zhang, L., Chang, Y., Liang, Y., et al. (2010) · Science China Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11427-010-0097-1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Lakosa, A., Rahimian, A., Tomasi, F., Marti, F., Reynolds, L. M., Tochon, L., David, V., Danckaert, A., Canonne, C., Tahraoui, S., et al. (2023) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-023-01563-x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Tapper, A. R., McKinney, S. L., Nashmi, R., Schwarz, J., Deshpande, P., Labarca, C., Whiteaker, P., Marks, M. J., Collins, A. C., & Lester, H. A.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lester, Henry A.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2004-11-05
- Volume
- 306
- Issue
- 5698
- Pages
- 1029-1032
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2152418590
- Cited by
- 686
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 16.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 49716, R01MH049716)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (P30DA015663, DA-3194, DA15663, R01DA003194)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 11756, R01NS011756)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, nicotine dependence, nicotine reward, tolerance (pharmacology and immunology), sensitization, receptor hypersensitivity, mouse mutants, chronic nicotine administration, reinforcement
- MeSH terms
- Quinolizidine Alkaloids, Alkaloids, Animals, Azocines, Brain, Calcium, Cells, Cultured, Drug Tolerance, Leucine, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Motor Activity, Neurons, Nicotine, Pyridines, Quinolizines, Receptors, Nicotinic, Reward, Serine, Tobacco Use Disorder, Up-Regulation, Point Mutation, Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic, Mice
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