The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Findings and Theory in the Study of Fear Communications
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
Rotter, J. B. (1966) · Psychological Monographs: General and Applied · doi:10.1037/h0092976 · Cited by 21,937
Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state.
Schachter, S., & Singer, J. (1962) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0046234 · Cited by 6,223
Self-perception: An alternative interpretation of cognitive dissonance phenomena.
Bem, D. J. (1967) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0024835 · Cited by 2,959
The principle of congruity in the prediction of attitude change.
Osgood, C. E., & Tannenbaum, P. H. (1955) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0048153 · Cited by 1,700
Fear reduction and fear behavior: Problems in treating a construct
Lang, P. J. (1968) · Research in psychotherapy. · doi:10.1037/10546-004 · Cited by 989
Cited by
A Protection Motivation Theory of Fear Appeals and Attitude Change1
Rogers, R. W. (1975) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.1975.9915803 · Cited by 6,805
Normative Influences on Altruism
Schwartz, S. H. (1977) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60358-5 · Cited by 5,364
Bem, D. J. (1972) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60024-6 · Cited by 5,241
Extensional versus intuitive reasoning: The conjunction fallacy in probability judgment.
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1983) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.90.4.293 · Cited by 3,991
Putting the fear back into fear appeals: the extended parallel process model
Witte, K. (1992) · Communication Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637759209376276 · Cited by 3,880
Representativeness revisited: Attribute substitution in intuitive judgment.
Kahneman, D., & Frederick, S. (2002) · Heuristics and Biases · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.004 · Cited by 3,476
A Meta-Analysis of Fear Appeals: Implications for Effective Public Health Campaigns
Witte, K., & Allen, M. (2000) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/109019810002700506 · Cited by 3,216
Translating Social Ecological Theory into Guidelines for Community Health Promotion
Stokols, D. (1996) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-10.4.282 · Cited by 2,763
Slovic, P., Finucane, M., Peters, E., & MacGregor, D. G. (2002) · Heuristics and Biases · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.025 · Cited by 2,349
Protection motivation and self-efficacy: A revised theory of fear appeals and attitude change
Maddux, J. E., & Rogers, R. W. (1983) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(83)90023-9 · Cited by 2,342
“Clinical versus Actuarial Judgment.”
Dawes, R. M., Faust, D., & Meehl, P. E. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2648573 · Cited by 2,298
Shaping perceptions to motivate healthy behavior: The role of message framing.
Rothman, A. J., & Salovey, P. (1997) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.121.1.3 · Cited by 1,932
The Hot Hand in Basketball: On the Misperception of Random Sequences
Gilovich, T., Vallone, R., & Tversky, A. (1985) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(85)90010-6 · Cited by 1,649
Leventhal, H., Diefenbach, M., & Leventhal, E. A. (1992) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01173486 · Cited by 1,573
Self-citationOn the Nature of Reactance and its Role in Persuasive Health Communication
Dillard, J. P., & Shen, L. (2005) · Communication Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637750500111815 · Cited by 1,571
The precaution adoption process.
Weinstein, N. D. (1988) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.7.4.355 · Cited by 1,459
Leventhal, H., Phillips, L. A., & Burns, E. (2016) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-016-9782-2 · Cited by 1,350
Self-citationAppealing to fear: A meta-analysis of fear appeal effectiveness and theories
Tannenbaum, M. B., Hepler, J., Zimmerman, R. S., Saul, L., Jacobs, S., Wilson, K., & Albarracín, D. (2015) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0039729 · Cited by 1,315
Support theory: a nonextensional representation of subjective probability
Tversky, A., & Koehler, D. J. (1994) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.101.4.547 · Cited by 1,167
Health warning messages on tobacco products: a review
Hammond, D. (2011) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.2010.037630 · Cited by 1,162
Stalking the elusive “vividness” effect
Taylor, S. E., & Thompson, S. C. (1982) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.89.2.155 · Cited by 913
The relationship of emotion to cognition: A functional approach to a semantic controversy.
Leventhal, H., & Scherer, K. (1987) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699938708408361 · Cited by 832
Self-citationDunning, D., Meyerowitz, J. A., & Holzberg, A. D. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1082 · Cited by 758
Chater, N., & Loewenstein, G. (2023) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x22002023 · Cited by 710
Rothman, A. J., Martino, S. C., Bedell, B. T., Detweiler, J. B., & Salovey, P. (1999) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167299259003 · Cited by 379
Self-Affirmation Reduces Biased Processing of Health-Risk Information
Reed, M. B., & Aspinwall, L. G. (1998) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1023/a:1021463221281 · Cited by 374
The Extended Parallel Process Model: Illuminating the Gaps in Research
Popova, L. (2012) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198111418108 · Cited by 361
Goldenberg, J. L., & Arndt, J. (2008) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0013326 · Cited by 320
Self-Affirmation and the Biased Processing of Threatening Health-Risk Information
Harris, P. R., & Napper, L. (2005) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167205274694 · Cited by 319
Cameron, L., Leventhal, E. A., & Leventhal, H. (1993) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.12.3.171 · Cited by 315
Self-citationSchwartz, S. H. (1970) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0029614 · Cited by 307
Improving the academic performance of college freshmen: Attribution therapy revisited.
Wilson, T. D., & Linville, P. W. (1982) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.42.2.367 · Cited by 290
Brill, T. M., Munoz, L., & Miller, R. J. (2019) · Journal of Marketing Management · doi:10.1080/0267257x.2019.1687571 · Cited by 291
Fear-Arousing Persuasive Messages
Boster, F. J., & Mongeau, P. (1984) · Annals of the International Communication Association · doi:10.1080/23808985.1984.11678581 · Cited by 271
The Functions of Affect in Health Communications and in the Construction of Health Preferences
Peters, E., Lipkus, I., & Diefenbach, M. A. (2006) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00287.x · Cited by 251
Experimental evidence for a dual pathway model analysis of coping with the climate crisis
van Zomeren, M., Spears, R., & Leach, C. W. (2010) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.02.006 · Cited by 248
Self-affirmation reduces smokers' defensiveness to graphic on-pack cigarette warning labels.
Harris, P. R., Mayle, K., Mabbott, L., & Napper, L. (2007) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.26.4.437 · Cited by 234
The Active Side of Illness Cognition
Leventhal, H., & Diefenbach, M. (1991) · Contributions to Psychology and Medicine · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-9074-9_11 · Cited by 226
Self-citationButler, L. D., Koopman, C., & Zimbardo, P. G. (1995) · Political Psychology · doi:10.2307/3791831 · Cited by 199
Harris, P. R., & Epton, T. (2009) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2009.00233.x · Cited by 168
Medical and psychiatric determinants of outpatient medical utilization
Barsky, A. J., Wyshak, G., & Klerman, G. L. (1986) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-198606000-00009 · Cited by 161
Mental Contamination and the Debiasing Problem
Wilson, T. D., Centerbar, D. B., & Brekke, N. (2002) · Heuristics and Biases · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.012 · Cited by 160
The calibration of expert judgment: heuristics and biases beyond the laboratory
Koehler, D. J., Brenner, L., & Griffin, D. (2002) · Heuristics and Biases · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.041 · Cited by 146
Earl, A., & Albarracín, D. (2007) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.26.4.496 · Cited by 136
Stanton, A. L., Luecken, L. J., MacKinnon, D. P., & Thompson, E. H. (2013) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0028833 · Cited by 114
Fluharty, M., Bu, F., Steptoe, A., & Fancourt, D. (2021) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113958 · Cited by 106
The worm at the core: A terror management perspective on the roots of psychological dysfunction
Arndt, J., Routledge, C., Cox, C. R., & Goldenberg, J. L. (2005) · Applied and Preventive Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appsy.2005.07.002 · Cited by 89
Ranby, K. W., Aiken, L. S., MacKinnon, D. P., Elliot, D. L., Moe, E. L., McGinnis, W., & Goldberg, L. (2009) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsp025 · Cited by 69
Carey, R. N., & Sarma, K. M. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3227-2 · Cited by 65
Arndt, J., Routledge, C., & Goldenberg, J. L. (2006) · Psychology & Health · doi:10.1080/14768320500537662 · Cited by 63
A Comprehensive Model of Homework in Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Kazantzis, N., & Miller, A. R. (2022) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10247-z · Cited by 51
Intention to adopt services by AI avatar: A protection motivation theory perspective
Park, J., Yun, J., & Chang, W. (2024) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103929 · Cited by 51
Harris, P. R., & Epton, T. (2010) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00270.x · Cited by 51
Self-affirmation and the self-regulation of health behavior change
Harris, P. R. (2011) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2010.517963 · Cited by 30
Fear appeals to promote better health behaviors: an investigation of potential mediators
Moussaoui, L. S., Claxton, N., & Desrichard, O. (2021) · Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/21642850.2021.1947290 · Cited by 30
KAREKLAS, I., & MUEHLING, D. D. (2014) · Journal of Consumer Affairs · doi:10.1111/joca.12039 · Cited by 24
Blanton, H., & Ikizer, E. G. (2019) · Social Issues and Policy Review · doi:10.1111/sipr.12055 · Cited by 18
Wissinger, C. L., & Stiegler, Z. (2019) · Teaching and Learning in Medicine · doi:10.1080/10401334.2018.1528155 · Cited by 16
Counseling truants back to school: Motivation combined with a program for action.
Grala, C., & McCauley, C. (1976) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-0167.23.2.166 · Cited by 10
Multilayered Meanings in Health Decision Making: A Terror Management Health Model Analysis
McCabe, S., Vail, K. E., Arndt, J., & Goldenberg, J. (2013) · The Experience of Meaning in Life · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6527-6_26 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Leventhal, H.
- Venue
- Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 1970
- Pages
- 119-186
- ISSN
- 0065-2601 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2161264813
- Cited by
- 1,335
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 125.36
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.