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Cited by 1,671Suicide and Self-Harm StudiesHomicide, Infanticide, and Child AbuseInjury Epidemiology and Prevention

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Suicide

Hawton, Keith, van Heeringen, Kees·2009·The Lancet
DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60372-x
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Abstract

Suicide receives increasing attention worldwide, with many countries developing national strategies for prevention. Rates of suicide vary greatly between countries, with the greatest burdens in developing countries. Many more men than women die by suicide. Although suicide rates in elderly people have fallen in many countries, those in young people have risen. Rates also vary with ethnic origin, employment status, and occupation. Most people who die by suicide have psychiatric disorders, notably mood, substance-related, anxiety, psychotic, and personality disorders, with comorbidity being common. Previous self-harm is a major risk factor. Suicide is also associated with physical characteristics and disorders and smoking. Family history of suicidal behaviour is important, as are upbringing, exposure to suicidal behaviour by others and in the media, and availability of means. Approaches to suicide prevention include those targeting high-risk groups and population strategies. There are, however, many challenges to large-scale prevention, especially in developing countries.

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Metadata

Authors
Hawton, K., & van Heeringen, K.
Affiliations
  • Warneford Hospital (GB)
  • Ghent University Hospital (BE)
Corresponding author
Hawton, Keith
ORCID
Venue
The Lancet
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-04
Volume
373
Issue
9672
Pages
1372-1381
ISSN
  • 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
  • 0140-6736
DOI
10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60372-x
OpenAlex
W4211120965
Cited by
1,671
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 37 · 2025: 63 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 79 · 2022: 103 · 2021: 111 · 2020: 143 · 2019: 103 · 2018: 118 · 2017: 99 · 2016: 141 · 2015: 143 · 2014: 118 · 2013: 95 · 2012: 92
FWCI
10.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • The Lancet (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Institutes of Health
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
Keywords
suicide, suicide prevention, suicide rates, sex differences in suicide, elderly suicide, mental illness, comorbidities, self-harm, family history of suicide, suicide methods, developing countries, national suicide prevention strategy
MeSH terms
Suicide Prevention, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Developing Countries, Employment, Female, Forecasting, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Occupations, Primary Prevention, Risk Factors, Seasons, Smoking, Suicide, Global Health, Self-Injurious Behavior, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution

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