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Whole-grain wheat breakfast cereal has a prebiotic effect on the human gut microbiota: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study
Open accessAbstract
Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse association between dietary intake of whole grains and the risk of chronic disease. This may be related to the ability to mediate a prebiotic modulation of gut microbiota. However, no studies have been conducted on the microbiota modulatory capability of whole-grain (WG) cereals. In the present study, the impact of WG wheat on the human intestinal microbiota compared to wheat bran (WB) was determined. A double-blind, randomised, crossover study was carried out in thirty-one volunteers who were randomised into two groups and consumed daily 48 g breakfast cereals, either WG or WB, in two 3-week study periods, separated by a 2-week washout period. Numbers of faecal bifidobacteria and lactobacilli (the target genera for prebiotic intake), were significantly higher upon WG ingestion compared with WB. Ingestion of both breakfast cereals resulted in a significant increase in ferulic acid concentrations in blood but no discernible difference in faeces or urine. No significant differences in faecal SCFA, fasting blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), TAG or HDL-cholesterol were observed upon ingestion of WG compared with WB. However, a significant reduction in TC was observed in volunteers in the top quartile of TC concentrations upon ingestion of either cereal. No adverse intestinal symptoms were reported and WB ingestion increased stool frequency. Daily consumption of WG wheat exerted a pronounced prebiotic effect on the human gut microbiota composition. This prebiotic activity may contribute towards the beneficial physiological effects of WG wheat.
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“Food sources of fibre, such as whole grains, have been suggested to have a prebiotic-like effect on the gut microbiota [60].”
From Effect of Diet on the Gut Microbiota: Rethinking Intervention Duration (2019) · cites this paper as [60]
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“Soluble fiber and b-glucan content may partly explain the beneficial effects reported after interventions with oats (16, 18, 42, 43) in comparison to wheat (14, 23, 36, 37), although other studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of WG wheat on BP (19) and blood lipids (44, 45) in comparison to RG controls.”
BackgroundResult
Metadata
- Authors
- Costabile, A., Klinder, A., Fava, F., Napolitano, A., Fogliano, V., Leonard, C., Gibson, G. R., & Tuohy, K. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Reading (GB)
- University of Naples Federico II (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Costabile, Adele
- Venue
- British Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2007-08-29
- Volume
- 99
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 110-120
- ISSN
- 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2662
- OpenAlex
- W2165083361
- Semantic Scholar
- 762a3ebdd78c6f878c158e51fbe41b625566d9b0
- Cited by
- 444
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 10.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal Of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CentAUR (University of Reading) (acceptedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Reading
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Keywords
- whole wheat, breakfast cereals, prebiotic activity, gut microbiota, wheat bran, Bifidobacterium, lactobacilli, ferulic acid, short-chain fatty acids, total cholesterol
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Bifidobacterium, Blood Glucose, Cholesterol, Coumaric Acids, Dietary Fiber, DNA Damage, DNA, Bacterial, Double-Blind Method, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Feces, Female, Humans, Insulin, Intestines, Cholesterol, HDL, Male, Triglycerides, Triticum, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Cross-Over Studies, HT29 Cells, Foods, Specialized, Comet Assay
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