Gut microbiota, diet, and obesity-related disorders: the good, the bad, and the future challenges
Abstract
Diet has been shown to be a major factor in modulating the structure of the mammalian gut microbiota by providing specific nutrient sources and inducing environmental changes (pH, bile acids) in the gut ecosystem. Long-term dietary patterns and short-term interventions have been shown to induce changes in gut microbiota structure and function, with several studies revealing metabolic changes likely resulting from the host microbiota cross-talk, which ultimately could influence host physiology. However, a more precise identification of the specific dietary patterns and food constituents that effectively modulate the gut microbiota and bring a predictable benefit to the host metabolic phenotype is needed to establish microbiome-based dietary recommendations. Here, we briefly review the existing data regarding gut microbiota changes induced by different macronutrients and the resulting metabolites produced via their respective fermentation, including their potential effects on obesity and associated metabolic disorders. We also discuss major limitations of current dietary intervention studies as well as future needs of applying cutting-edge "omic" techniques and of progressing in functional microbiota gene discovery to establish robust causal relationships between the dietary microbiota induced changes and metabolic health or disease.
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During adulthood, factors such as diet, exercise, geographical location, host genetics, and stress shape or distort the gut microbiome in the colonic metabolic niche.
“Of course, during adulthood there are also a number of factors that shape or distort the gut microbiome in the colonic metabolic niche, reviewed in detail elsewhere, such as diet (Portune et al., 2017;Sandhu et al., 2017;Shanahan et al., 2017), exercise (Campbell and Wisniewski, 2017;Barton et al., 2018), geographical location (Dikongue and Segurel, 2017; Quigley, 2017), host genetics (Kurilshikov”
From Gut reactions: Breaking down xenobiotic–microbiome interactions (2019) · cites this paper as Portune et al., 2017
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Nutritional psychiatry: Towards improving mental health by what you eat
Adan, R. A. H., van der Beek, E. M., Buitelaar, J. K., Cryan, J. F., Hebebrand, J., Higgs, S., Schellekens, H., & Dickson, S. L. (2019) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.10.011 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
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Wolters, M., Ahrens, J., Romaní-Pérez, M., Watkins, C., Sanz, Y., Benítez-Páez, A., Stanton, C., & Günther, K. (2019) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.12.024 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
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Self-citationGut microbiota and central nervous system development
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Klurfeld, D. M., Davis, C. D., Karp, R. W., Allen-Vercoe, E., Chang, E. B., Chassaing, B., Fahey, G. C., Hamaker, B. R., Holscher, H. D., Lampe, J. W., et al. (2018) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00058.2018 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Ramos-Romero, S., Hereu, M., Atienza, L., Casas, J., Jáuregui, O., Amézqueta, S., Dasilva, G., Medina, I., Nogués, M. R., Romeu, M., et al. (2018) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00323.2017 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
- Authors
- Portune, K. J., Benítez‐Páez, A., Del Pulgar, E. M. G., Cerrudo, V., & Sanz, Y.
- Affiliations
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council, Valencia (IATA‐CSIC) C/ Catedràtic Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 7 Valencia Spain
- Corresponding author
- Portune, Kevin J.
- Venue
- Molecular Nutrition & Food Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-09-20
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 1613-4125 (ISSN-L)
- 1613-4133
- OpenAlex
- W2412163557
- Cited by
- 201
- References
- 146
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 1.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Molecular Nutrition & Food Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Union's Seventh Framework Program (613979, AGL2014-52101-P)
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, diet, obesity, metabolic disorders, macronutrients, microbial fermentation, dietary intervention, bile acids, gut pH, microbiota metabolites
- MeSH terms
- Whole Grains, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Bacteria, Bile Acids and Salts, Diet, Dietary Fats, Dietary Fiber, Dietary Proteins, Fermentation, Humans, Inflammation, Obesity, Diet, High-Fat
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