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Functional anatomy of inner speech and auditory verbal imagery
Abstract
The neural correlates of inner speech and of auditory verbal imagery were examined in normal volunteers, using positron emission tomography (PET). Subjects were shown single words which they used to generate short, stereotyped sentences without speaking. In an inner speech task, sentences were silently articulated, while in an auditory verbal imagery condition, subjects imagined sentences being spoken to them in an another person's voice. Inner speech was associated with increased activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus. Auditory verbal imagery was associated with increases in the same region, and in the left premotor cortex, the supplementary motor area and the left temporal cortex. The data suggest that the silent articulation of sentences involves activity in an area concerned with speech generation, while imagining speech is associated with additional activity in regions associated with speech perception.
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“Contrasts using PET scanning indicated that inner speech was associated with left IFG activation, while imagining another’s speech involved SMA, premotor cortex, and left superior and middle temporal gyri.”
From Inner Speech: Development, Cognitive Functions, Phenomenology, and Neurobiology (2015) · cites this paper as McGuire et al., 1996
In the citing paper
“This, when combined with evidence from studies of verbal working memory, would seem to support the general fronto-temporal network of areas highlighted in inner speech elicitation studies (e.g., McGuire et al., 1996), notwithstanding their lack of behavioral controls.”
From Inner Speech: Development, Cognitive Functions, Phenomenology, and Neurobiology (2015) · cites this paper as McGuire et al., 1996
In the citing paper
“Despite some overlap in activations, inner speech paradigms are commonly associated with left inferior frontal gyrus, left insula, and left STG activation (Fegen et al., 2015; McGuire et al., 1996); in contrast, auditory imagery for speech (whether imagining hearing one’s own voice or another’s) and auditory imagery for other sounds is associated with activation of SMA, posterior parietal cortex,”
From Inner Speech: Development, Cognitive Functions, Phenomenology, and Neurobiology (2015) · cites this paper as McGuire et al., 1996
In the citing paper
“Wernicke’s-seeded FC was computed for subregions of the left IFG based on studies highlighting the critical involvement of the latter during self-generated auditory imagery of spoken speech (22,23), perception of external speech (24,25), and AVHs themselves (26,27).”
From Elevated functional connectivity along a corticostriatal loop and the mechanism of auditory/verbal hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia (2011) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“Our findings suggest that AVHs are blocked in a patient subgroup, however, by partial disconnection of frontotemporal and frontostriatal pathways that ordinarily underlie speech generation, imagery and perception (22–25,56,58).”
From Elevated functional connectivity along a corticostriatal loop and the mechanism of auditory/verbal hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia (2011) · cites this paper as [22]
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Metadata
- Authors
- McGuire, P. K., Silbersweig, D. A., Murray, R. M., David, A. S., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Frith, C. D.
- Affiliations
- Hammersmith Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- McGuire, P. K.
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1996-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 29-38
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- OpenAlex
- W2132338600
- Cited by
- 277
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 4.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Representations and Identity
- Keywords
- inner speech, left inferior frontal gyrus, supplementary motor area, left temporal cortex, speech generation, speech perception, neural correlates, mental imagery
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Arousal, Attention, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Dominance, Cerebral, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Imagination, Male, Regional Blood Flow, Speech Perception, Thinking, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Verbal Behavior
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