The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Multidimensional Assessment of Emotion Regulation and Dysregulation: Development, Factor Structure, and Initial Validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale
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In the citing paper
“This measure has demonstrated good internal consistency (α = .93) and validity (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
From Difficulties in emotion regulation in treatment-seeking alcoholics with and without co-occurring mood and anxiety disorders. (2018) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“Emotion regulation capability was assessed using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), a 36-item scale 40.”
In the citing paper
“Posing questions at a single time point about typical behavior does not give us strong purchase on the operation of dynamic concepts in varied contexts (e.g., Gratz & Roemer, 2004; Palmieri, Boden, & Berenbaum, 2009; Salovey, Mayer, Goldman, Turvey, & Palfai, 1995).”
From Psychological flexibility as a fundamental aspect of health (2010) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“This inconsistency in the findings could be due to the different scales used as the original study (Romero-Moreno et al., 2017) employed a measure of acceptance not specifically designed for dementia caregivers (i.e., the subscale of the Emotion Regulation Scale, Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
From Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Valued Living Questionnaire Adapted to Caregiving (2023) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“DERS scores have also been shown to have good test–retest reliability (ρI = 0.88, P < 0.01) [14].”
From Emotion regulation in substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“Now, when it comes to assessing dysfunctional ER, in an integrative study on the so-called “Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale,” lack of emotional clarity and, even more seriously, the lack of emotional awareness has been suggested to be a crucial component (Gratz and Roemer, 2004).”
From Collaborative Irrationality, Akrasia, and Groupthink: Social Disruptions of Emotion Regulation (2017) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The DERS has also been reported to have adequate predictive and constructive validity [14], with scores being correlated with depression and anxiety symptoms [18].”
From Emotion regulation in substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“The DERS was developed to assess a range of emotion regulation difficulties associated with the development and maintenance of psychopathology using a single measure to reduce patient burden and clinical overlap which can occur when using multiple tools (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
From Psychometric properties of acceptance measures: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“It uses a 5-point Likert scale and has shown acceptable test-retest reliability and internal consistency in adolescent populations [137-140].”
From Family Support Protocol for Adolescent Internalizing Disorders: Protocol for a Pre-Post Quantitative Treatment Development Study (2024) · cites this paper as [138]
In the citing paper
“The DERS-16 is a short, valid measure of emotion regulation [29,44].”
From A Virtual Reality-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for and With Inuit in Québec: Protocol for a Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“The DERS’s psychometric properties are favorable, having moderate to very strong internal consistency (α=.69-.97) and strong retest reliability (r=0.88; ρI=0.85) [29, 46-49].”
From A Virtual Reality-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for and With Inuit in Québec: Protocol for a Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [46]
In the citing paper
“In Gratz and Roemer’s (5) definition of adaptive emotion regulation, awareness and acceptance of emotions, and the ability to modulate emotional responses are emphasized, together with controlling impulsive behaviors to act according to a long-term goal or value, despite the presence of negative emotions.”
From An emotion regulation skills training for adolescents and parents: perceptions and acceptability of methodological aspects (2024) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“The conceptualization of emotion regulation in the current intervention is in line with the definition of emotion regulation by Gratz and Roemer (5), which emphasizes awareness, understanding and acceptance of emotions.”
From An emotion regulation skills training for adolescents and parents: perceptions and acceptability of methodological aspects (2024) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“This scale is a well-validated and widely used self-report measure with excellent psychometric properties (internal consistency α = 0.93).”
From Embodied Cognition in Meditation, Yoga, and Ethics—An Experimental Single-Case Study on the Differential Effects of Four Mind–Body Treatments (2022) · cites this paper as [54]
In the citing paper
“DERS has good psychometric properties in the general population. Internal consistency is 0.93, test-retest reliability is adequate, and convergent and incremental validity are shown.”
From Efficacy of an internet-based psychological intervention for problem gambling and gambling disorder: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The authors found high internal consistency, good test-retest reliability and adequate construct and predictive validity.”
From Brief psychological intervention for distress tolerance in an adult secondary care community mental health service: an evaluation (2020) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“An impaired awareness, understanding and acceptance of emotions or few appropriate emotion regulation strategies [19] are related to interpersonal problems [20, 21].”
In the citing paper
“the multidimensional model of emotion dysregulation proposed by Gratz and Roemer (2004) has been widely adopted in the clinical literature in relation to its association with numerous psychological disorders.”
From An Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control (ERIC) Intervention for Vulnerable Young People: A Multi-Sectoral Pilot Study (2021) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The eight domains are informed by Gratz and Roemer's (2004) model and target important processes or strategies to help young people regulate their emotions and control impulsive behaviors linked to negative emotion (i.e., urgency (Cyders and Smith, 2008; Weiss et al., 2013a).”
From An Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control (ERIC) Intervention for Vulnerable Young People: A Multi-Sectoral Pilot Study (2021) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“Based on Gratz and Roemer’s (2004) model of emotion regulation, the Difficulties in Emotions Regulation Scale (DERS) was developed accordingly for the measurement of the difficulties in emotion regulation.”
From Adolescents' mindfulness and psychological distress: The mediating role of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“DERS was more comprehensive to cover a wider range of emotion regulation strategies including the clarity of emotions, acceptance of emotional experience, impulsion control, goal-directed behavior and flexibility in strategies”
From Adolescents' mindfulness and psychological distress: The mediating role of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“This construct is not entirely equivalent to emotional dysregulation (operationalised by Maddox et al. with the Emotion Regulation Scale [75]), but encapsulates the latter in combination with difficulty identifying and understanding one’s emotions [76, 77].”
From A 'choice', an 'addiction', a way 'out of the lost': Exploring self-injury in autistic people without intellectual disability (2019) · cites this paper as [75]
In the citing paper
“The DERS has been shown to have high internal consistency (α = 0.93), good test-retest reliability (r = 0.88), and construct validity (Gratz and Roemer, 2004).”
From Online mindfulness-enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression: Outcomes of a pilot trial (2018) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“Preliminary data indicate high internal consistency, good test-retest reliability and adequate construct and predictive validity.”
From Dbt-enhanced cognitive-behavioral treatment for trichotillomania: A randomized controlled trial (2012) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The questionnaire also has adequate construct and predictive validity and good test-retest reliability.”
In the citing paper
“The internal consistency for the total scale as well as for the subscales appeared to be adequate (varying between a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.80 and 0.93).”
In the citing paper
“The DERS has adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.93), test–retest reliability (r = 0.88), and construct and predictive validity among a college sample (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
From Feasibility, Acceptability and Preliminary Efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Autistic Adults without Intellectual Disability: A Mixed Methods Study (2022) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“McVey et al. (2021) provided preliminary evidence for the utility of the DERS in autistic adolescents and adults. Their results supported a 6-factor structure, similar to that found in the general population (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
From Feasibility, Acceptability and Preliminary Efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Autistic Adults without Intellectual Disability: A Mixed Methods Study (2022) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“Research supports its reliability and validity. 30,31”
From Dialectical behaviour therapy skills training: A feasibility study with active duty military. (2022) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“Diagnoses were derived by the CIDI and validated by expert clinicians [33][34][35][36][37][38] .”
From Treating Treatment-Resistant Patients with Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia Using Psychotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Switching Trial. (2015) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“Some of these habitual affective/cognitive styles can be measured with self-report instruments (e.g., Gratz & Roemer, 2004; Hayes et al., 2004; Hofmann & Kashdan, 2010; Meyer, Miller, Metzger, & Borkovec, 1990; Treynor, Gonzalez, & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2003).”
From Toward a Cognitive-Behavioral Classification System for Mental Disorders (2014) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“Anxiety and depression were assessed using Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anxiety Short Form 8a (Cronbach's α = 0.92) 74,75 and PROMIS Depression Short Form 8a (α = 0.97).”
From Mindfulness training enhances self-regulation and facilitates health behavior change for primary care patients: A randomized controlled trial (2019) · cites this paper as [81]
In the citing paper
“The second questionnaire was the Filipino version of the Emotion Regulation Scale (Gill and Lopez, 2018) adapted from DERS (Gratz and Roemer, 2004).”
From Safe schools for teens: Preventing sexual abuse of urban poor teens, proof-of-concept study-improving teachers'and students'knowledge, skills and attitudes (2020) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The Filipino version of the Emotion Regulation Scale (Gill and Lopez, 2018) was adapted and translated for children from the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale or DERS (Gratz and Roemer, 2004). After translation of the original DERS, only 22 items were retained after exploring the validity and reliability of the translated version (Gill and Lopez, 2018).”
From Safe schools for teens: Preventing sexual abuse of urban poor teens, proof-of-concept study-improving teachers'and students'knowledge, skills and attitudes (2020) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The DERS has high internal consistency (α =.93) and good test-retest reliability (r=.74 −.78 for women).(54)”
In the citing paper
“Graz reported the validity of the questionnaire as 0.93 and its reliability was 0.80, using Cronbach’s alpha (9).”
From Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on interpersonal problems and difficulties in emotion regulation among university students (2017) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“emotion regulation has been indicated as a moderator of anxiety and depressive symptoms [46]”
From Uptake and adherence to an online intervention for cancer-related distress: older age is not a barrier to adherence but may be a barrier to uptake (2017) · cites this paper as [46]
In the citing paper
“The test–retest reliability for the total score is good (r = 0.88; subscales 0.56 < r < 0.90).”
From The Effectiveness of Art Therapy for Anxiety in Adult Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2019) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The construct validity and internal consistency (Cronbach’s α > 0.80) is sufficient for all scales (Gratz and Roemer, 2004; Neumann et al., 2010).”
From The Effectiveness of Art Therapy for Anxiety in Adult Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2019) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
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Items 901–1,000 of 1,355
The Role of Emotion Regulation in Video Gaming and Gambling Disorder
Marchica, L. A., Mills, D. J., Derevensky, J. L., & Montreuil, T. C. (2019) · The Canadian Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1097/cxa.0000000000000070 · Cited by 82
Otto, M. W., Powers, M. B., & Fischmann, D. (2005) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.05.002 · Cited by 67
Czepczor-Bernat, K., Brytek-Matera, A., Gramaglia, C., & Zeppegno, P. (2020) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-019-00740-6 · Cited by 67
Exploring Anger Among Offenders: The Role of Emotion Dysregulation and Alexithymia
Velotti, P., Garofalo, C., Callea, A., Bucks, R. S., Roberton, T., & Daffern, M. (2016) · Psychiatry Psychology and Law · doi:10.1080/13218719.2016.1164639 · Cited by 67
“…sample, difficulty attending to emotions (a selective deficit in ER, corresponding to the ‘lack of awareness’ dimension in the conceptualization of Gratz & Roemer, 2004) was found to be positively related to trait anger and negatively to the ability to control anger by relying on internal or…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKoo, H. J., Han, D. H., Park, S., & Kwon, J. (2017) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.4306/pi.2017.14.1.21 · Cited by 67
Access-Awareness-Agency (AAA) Model of Music-Based Social-Emotional Competence (MuSEC)
Saarikallio, S. H. (2019) · Music & Science · doi:10.1177/2059204318815421 · Cited by 84
“Multiple well-validated measures for emotional attention and comprehension exist today (e.g., Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Gratz & Roemer, 2004; Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS), Salovey et al., 1995; Toronto Alexithymia Scale [TAS], Bagby Parker, & Taylor, 1994), although each…”
BackgroundWendt, L. P., Wright, A. G. C., Pilkonis, P. A., Nolte, T., Fonagy, P., Montague, P. R., Benecke, C., Krieger, T., & Zimmermann, J. (2019) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000460 · Cited by 69
“Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Strategies Scale (DERS).”
BackgroundGeležėlytė, O., Roberts, N. P., Kvedaraitė, M., Bisson, J. I., Brewin, C. R., Cloître, M., Kairytė, A., Karatzias, T., Shevlin, M. E., & Kazlauskas, E. (2022) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2022.2037905 · Cited by 75
“The DERS is a thirty-six-item self-report questionnaire for evaluating clinically relevant difficulties in emotion dysregulation (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundEmotion in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: Responses to affective pictures
Roberts, N. A., Burleson, M. H., Weber, D. J., Larson, A., Sergeant, K., Devine, M. J., Vincelette, T. M., & Wang, N. C. (2012) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.03.018 · Cited by 67
Rizvi, S. L., & Steffel, L. M. (2014) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2014.907298 · Cited by 67
“Study eligibility required that individuals be at least 18 years of age, currently enrolled as undergraduates at the university, and score at least 105 on the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) (see below).(8) Participants with previous exposure to DBT skills and those that met criteria for psychotic diso…”
BackgroundMethodDistinct resting-state brain activities in heroin-dependent individuals
Zhang, Y., Tian, J., Yuan, K., Liu, P., Zhuo, L., Qin, W., Zhao, L., Liu, J., von Deneen, K. M., Klahr, N. J., et al. (2011) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2011.05.054 · Cited by 68
Construct validity of a short, self report instrument assessing emotional dysregulation
Powers, A. D., Stevens, J. S., Fani, N., & Bradley, B. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.10.020 · Cited by 74
“The DERS is a 36-item (Gratz and Roemer, 2004) self-report measure of emotion regulation difficulties.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialRellini, A. H., Vujanovic, A. A., Gilbert, M., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2011) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2011.565430 · Cited by 82
“Gratz and Roemer ( 2004 ) developed an empirically grounded assessment instrument entitled the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), which measures emotional regulation from a multidimensional framework.”
BackgroundEmotion regulation is the essential skill for improving depressive symptoms
Fehlinger, T., Stumpenhorst, M., Stenzel, N., & Rief, W. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.06.015 · Cited by 67
Emery, A. A., Heath, N. L., & Mills, D. J. (2015) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-015-0405-y · Cited by 90
“The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz and Roemer 2004) is a 36-item self-report measure that assesses six components of emotion dysregulation based on Gratz and Roemer’s (2004) model.”
BackgroundMethodAltering the Trajectory of Affect and Affect Regulation: the Impact of Compassion Training
Jazaieri, H., McGonigal, K. M., Lee, I. A., Jinpa, T., Doty, J. R., Gross, J. J., & Goldin, P. R. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0773-3 · Cited by 74
“Finally, acceptance has recently been considered to be a skillful method for regulating one’s affect (e.g., Gratz and Roemer 2004; Hayes et al. 1994, 1996; Linehan 1993, 2015).”
MethodApplying a cognitive‐emotional model to nonsuicidal self‐injury
Dawkins, J. C., Hasking, P. A., Boyes, M. E., Greene, D., & Passchier, C. (2018) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2837 · Cited by 67
“This is supported by empirical evidence that difficulties with emotion regulation (Gratz & Roemer, 2004; 2008) and the use of emotion regulation strategies that fail to address the underlying issue (e.g., expressive suppression) differentiate people who self‐injure from those who do not (Hasking,…”
BackgroundMethodEmotion regulation and empathic abilities in young adults: The role of attachment styles
Henschel, S., Nandrino, J., & Doba, K. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.109763 · Cited by 74
Ottisova, L., Smith, P. A., & Oram, S. (2018) · Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/08964289.2018.1432555 · Cited by 66
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“ANOVA analyses were conducted to compare the two groups (i.e., with and without a psychiatric diagnosis) with respect to psychological distress levels (i.e., GHQ-12; DASS-21 stress, depression and anxiety scales), risk perception, binge eating behaviors (i.e., BES scale), social support and emotion regulation difficul…”
MethodInfluentialRashid, T., & Seligman, M. (2018) · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780195325386.001.0001 · Cited by 77
Multidimensional Assessment of Beliefs About Emotion
Veilleux, J. C., Salomaa, A. C., Shaver, J. A., Zielinski, M. J., & Pollert, G. A. (2014) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191114534883 · Cited by 73
The role of emotion regulation on social participation following stroke
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Glasner, S., Mooney, L. J., Ang, A., Garneau, H. C., Hartwell, E., Brecht, M.-L., & Rawson, R. A. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0586-9 · Cited by 66
“Higher scores on the DERS indicate greater difficulties with emotion regulation.”
MethodInfluentialMetacognitive Interpersonal Therapy for Personality Disorders: A Case Study Series
Dimaggio, G., Salvatore, G., Macbeth, A., Ottavi, P., Buonocore, L., & Popolo, R. (2017) · Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy · doi:10.1007/s10879-016-9342-7 · Cited by 75
“The DERS has good testretest reliability, good internal consistency, and good construct and predictive validity, as well as good convergent validity (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundInfluentialWolz, I., Sauvaget, A., Granero, R., Mestre‐Bach, G., Baño, M., Martín‐Romera, V., Heras, M. V. D. L., Jiménez‐Múrcia, S., Jansen, A. T. M., Roefs, A., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep41736 · Cited by 65
Marques, R., Monteiro, F., Canavarro, M. C., & Fonseca, A. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.013 · Cited by 86
Dvorsky, M. R., Kofler, M. J., Burns, G. L., Luebbe, A. M., Garner, A. A., Jarrett, M. A., Soto, E. F., & Becker, S. P. (2018) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-018-0938-y · Cited by 74
“The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz and Roemer 2004) is a 36-item scale that measures difficulties in one’s awareness and understanding of emotions, acceptance of emotions, and the ability refrain from impulsive behavior when experiencing negative emotions (e.”
BackgroundInfluentialSevinc, G., Hölzel, B. K., Greenberg, J., Gard, T., Brunsch, V., Hashmi, J. A., Vangel, M. G., Orr, S. P., Milad, M. R., & Lazar, S. W. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.05.017 · Cited by 66
Renna, M. E., Quintero, J. M., Soffer, A., Pino, M., Ader, L., Fresco, D. M., & Mennin, D. S. (2018) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2017.09.001 · Cited by 62
“This pattern was consistent for the DERS as well, with non-White participants demonstrating greater emotion dysregulation at pretreatment (M = 104.33, SD = 19.24) compared to White participants (M = 101.00, SD = 17.73), with scores falling lower at posttreatment for non-White participants (M = 69.27, SD = 16.88) compa…”
BackgroundInfluentialBemmouna, D., Coutelle, R., Weibel, S., & Weiner, L. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05317-w · Cited by 64
Khoramnia, S., Bavafa, A., Jaberghaderi, N., Parvizifard, A., Foroughi, A., Ahmadi, M., & Amiri, S. (2020) · Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.1590/2237-6089-2019-0003 · Cited by 65
Coping strategies that reduce suicidal ideation: an ecological momentary assessment study
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Intervenciones psicológicas basadas en mindfulness y sus beneficios: estado actual de la cuestión
Hervás, G., Cebolla, A., & Soler, J. (2016) · Clínica y Salud · doi:10.1016/j.clysa.2016.09.002 · Cited by 67
Mindfulness and emotion regulation: promoting well-being during the transition to college
Finkelstein-Fox, L., Park, C. L., & Riley, K. E. (2018) · Anxiety, Stress, & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2018.1518635 · Cited by 65
“Total DERS scores have demonstrated good reliability and validity in North American undergraduate and community samples (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundInfluentialAsnaani, A., Tyler, J., McCann, J. P., Brown, L. A., & Zang, Y. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.160 · Cited by 69
Self‐compassion and emotion regulation difficulties in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Eichholz, A., Schwartz, C., Meule, A., Heese, J., Neumüller, J., & Voderholzer, U. (2020) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2451 · Cited by 65
“To assess emotion regulation difficulties, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004) (Gratz & Roemer, 2004) and translated German version (Ehring, Fischer, Schnülle, Bösterling, & Tuschen-Caffier, 2008).”
MethodCattaneo, L. A., Franquillo, A. C., Grecucci, A., Beccia, L., Caretti, V., & Dadomo, H. (2021) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm11090872 · Cited by 73
“A study from Visted et al. [42] explored the correlation between ER abilities assessed using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) [43].”
MethodInfluentialPedrini, L., Meloni, S., Lanfredi, M., & Rossi, R. (2022) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.12090 · Cited by 128
Elliot, R.-L., Campbell, L., Hunter, M., Cooper, G. J., Melville, J., McCabe, K., Newman, L. K., & Loughland, C. M. (2013) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21426 · Cited by 64
Gratz, K. L., Breetz, A., & Tull, M. T. (2009) · Personality and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/pmh.102 · Cited by 68
Self-citationFletcher, K., Parker, G. B., Bayes, A. J., Paterson, A., & McClure, G. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.01.001 · Cited by 73
“The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz and Roemer, 2004) is a 36-item measure assessing six strategies to regulate emotion: (i) non-acceptance of emotional response (DERSNonAccept) (e.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMindfulness and emotion regulation in older and young adults
Prakash, R. S., Whitmoyer, P., Aldao, A., & Schirda, B. L. (2015) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2015.1100158 · Cited by 77
“The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004) was used to assess perceived poor emotion regulation abilities.”
MethodMitchell, J. T., Robertson, C. D., Anastopolous, A. D., Nelson‐Gray, R. O., & Kollins, S. H. (2012) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-012-9297-2 · Cited by 76
Gewirtz, A. H., DeGarmo, D. S., & Zamir, O. (2016) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12255 · Cited by 65
Masculine Discrepancy Stress, Emotion-Regulation Difficulties, and Intimate Partner Violence
Berke, D. S., Reidy, D. E., Gentile, B., & Zeichner, A. (2016) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260516650967 · Cited by 67
“Furthermore, consistent with extant literature (Donahue et al., 2014; Gratz & Roemer, 2004), we predicted that emotion-regulation difficulties would be associated with IPV.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialA Meta-analysis on the Association Between Emotional Awareness and Borderline Personality Pathology
Derks, Y. P. M. J., Westerhof, G. J., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2016) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2016_30_257 · Cited by 74
Emotion Regulation and Desire Thinking as Predictors of Problematic Facebook Use
Marino, C., Caselli, G., Lenzi, M., Monaci, M. G., Vieno, A., Nikčević, A. V., & Spada, M. M. (2019) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-019-09628-1 · Cited by 65
Phillips, W. J. (2019) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-019-00452-1 · Cited by 73
Weiss, N. H., Contractor, A. A., Raudales, A. M., Greene, T., & Short, N. A. (2020) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102198 · Cited by 66
Guetta, R. E., Cassiello-Robbins, C., Trumbull, J., Anand, D., & Rosenthal, M. Z. (2022) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0263230 · Cited by 64
“The total scores for the DERS-SF, PHQ-9, GAD-7, and ALS-18 all deviated from a normal distribution (as indicated by p .05 on Shapiro-Wilk tests) and were log transformed to reduce PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263230 February 11, 2022 6 / 13 bias.”
MethodInfluentialAnestis, M. D., Kleiman, E. M., Lavender, J. M., Tull, M. T., & Gratz, K. L. (2014) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.07.007 · Cited by 64
“Negative urgency refers to the tendency to act impulsively in the face of negative affect [9], which has been conceptualized as one dimension of emotion dysregulation [7].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationVan Eck, K., Warren, P., & Flory, K. (2017) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-016-0542-y · Cited by 63
Mindfulness-Based Blood Pressure Reduction (MB-BP): Stage 1 single-arm clinical trial
Loucks, E. B., Nardi, W. R., Gutman, R., Kronish, I. M., Saadeh, F. B., Li, Y., Wentz, A. E., Webb, J., Vago, D. R., Harrison, A., et al. (2019) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0223095 · Cited by 60
“93) and good test/re-test reliability in validity studies.[37] Secondary outcomes.”
BackgroundInfluentialSainsbury, K., Evans, E. H., Pedersen, S., Marques, M. M., Teixeira, P. J., Lähteenmäki, L., Stubbs, R. J., Heitmann, B. L., & Sniehotta, F. F. (2019) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-018-0487-0 · Cited by 64
“Emotion regulation is defined as the ability to recognise, understand, and accept emotions; control impulsive behaviours and instead act in line with long-term goals, even in the presence of negative emotions; and to flexibly apply emotion regulation strategies to modulate emotional responses to meet such goals [7].”
Volkaert, B., Wante, L., Beveren, M. V., Vervoort, L., & Braet, C. (2019) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-019-10073-4 · Cited by 77
“The DERS is a 36-item self-report questionnaire developed to assess individuals’ identification, understanding, and modulation of their own emotions (Gratz and Roemer 2004; Neumann et al. 2010) and consists of 6 dimensions of problems with ER (i.”
MethodA memory-based theory of emotional disorders.
Cohen, R. T., & Kahana, M. J. (2022) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/rev0000334 · Cited by 75
Emotion Regulation Frequency and Success: Separating Constructs from Methods and Time Scale
McRae, K. (2013) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12027 · Cited by 72
“…the outward expression of a felt emotion, is negatively associated adaptive outcomes and positively associated with maladaptive outcomes (Garnefski, Kraaij, & Spinhoven, 2001; Gratz & Roemer, 2004; Gross & John, 2003; John & Gross, 2004; Moore, Zoellner, & Mollenholt, 2008; Nezlek & Kuppens, 2008).”
BackgroundCisler, J. M., Sigel, B. A., Kramer, T. L., Smitherman, S., Vanderzee, K. L., Pemberton, J. R., & Kilts, C. D. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.09.011 · Cited by 71
Emotional variability and clarity in depression and social anxiety
Thompson, R. J., Boden, M. T., & Gotlib, I. H. (2015) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2015.1084908 · Cited by 65
“Emotional clarity was assessed using the emotional clarity scale of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
MethodMurray, S. B., Maguire, S., Russell, J. D., & Touyz, S. W. (2011) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.1088 · Cited by 64
Associations between the cortisol awakening response and heart rate variability
Tobias Stalder, A., Evans, P. D., Hucklebridge, F. H., & Clow, A. (2010) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.07.020 · Cited by 64
Dragan, M. (2015) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.04.008 · Cited by 64
Increased attempts to suppress negative and positive emotions in Borderline Personality Disorder
Beblo, T., Fernando, S. C., Kamper, P., Griepenstroh, J., Aschenbrenner, S., Pastuszak, A., Schlosser, N., & Drießen, M. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.06.036 · Cited by 70
“Cronbach's Alpha was satisfactory at 0.85 (Gratz and Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEllison, W. D., & Levy, K. N. (2011) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0026264 · Cited by 69
Phillips, L. H., Henry, J. D., Nouzová, E., Cooper, C., Radlak, B., & Summers, F. (2014) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2014.946891 · Cited by 75
“Specifically, for our key variable (total score on the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale) there was no effect of medication, t(29) = 1.44, d = 0.53.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe Inventory of Callous and Unemotional Traits
Berg, J. M., Lilienfeld, S. O., Reddy, S. D., Latzman, R. D., Roose, A., Craighead, L. W., Pace, T. W. W., & Raison, C. L. (2013) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191112474338 · Cited by 64
Diefenbach, G. J., Assaf, M., Goethe, J. W., Gueorguieva, R. V., & Tolin, D. F. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.07.002 · Cited by 60
Chang, C. J., Kaczkurkin, A. N., McLean, C. P., & Foa, E. B. (2017) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000306 · Cited by 66
“…emotion regulation, such as lack of acceptance of emotional response, inability to engage in goal-directed behaviors, poor impulse control, deficits in emotional awareness, lack of accessibility to effective emotion regulation strategies, and insufficient emotional clarity (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
Buckholdt, K. E., Parra, G. R., & Jobe‐Shields, L. (2009) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/a0016735 · Cited by 64
Raabe, S., Ehring, T., Marquenie, L., Arntz, A., & Kindt, M. (2022) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769 · Cited by 64
MacDonald, H. Z., & Baxter, E. E. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0611-z · Cited by 63
Mindfulness-based treatment for Bipolar Disorder: A systematic review of the literature
Bojic, S., & Becerra, R. (2017) · Europe’s Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5964/ejop.v13i3.1138 · Cited by 65
“The DERS is a self-reported instrument that measures various aspects of regulating emotions (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundRabito-Alcón, M. F., Ayensa, J. I. B., & Vanderlinden, J. (2021) · Children · doi:10.3390/children8020114 · Cited by 63
Frank, J. L., Broderick, P. C., Oh, Y., Mitra, J. L., Kohler, K. M., Schussler, D. L., Geier, C. F., Roeser, R. W., Berrena, E., Mahfouz, J., et al. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01594-9 · Cited by 72
A systematic review of instruments for the assessment of eating disorders among adults
Schaefer, L. M., Crosby, R. D., & Machado, P. P. P. (2021) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000746 · Cited by 64
Harris, V. W., Anderson, J., & Visconti, B. (2022) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-021-09922-1 · Cited by 97
“…of the SEAD model, as emotional clarity supports subsequent development of important emotional skills, such as the ability to understand emotional displays in others and emotional regulation capabilities in oneself (Fischer & Manstead, 2016; Flynn & Rudolph, 2010, 2014; Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundMethodAnger rumination and aggressive behaviour in borderline personality disorder
Martino, F., Caselli, G., Berardi, D., Fiore, F., Marino, E., Menchetti, M., Prunetti, E., Ruggiero, G. M., Sasdelli, A., Selby, E. A., et al. (2015) · Personality and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/pmh.1310 · Cited by 63
Dixon-Gordon, K. L., Chapman, A. L., Weiss, N. H., & Rosenthal, M. Z. (2014) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-014-9423-4 · Cited by 63
“The DERS has been found to have high internal consistency (α=0.93), good test–retest reliability over a period ranging from 4 to 8 weeks (ρI=0.88, p 0.01), and adequate construct and predictive validity (Gratz and Roemer 2004).”
InfluentialVujanovic, A. A., Zvolensky, M. J., & Bernstein, A. (2007) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-007-9148-8 · Cited by 69
Emotion Regulation and Perceptions of Hostile and Constructive Criticism in Romantic Relationships
Klein, S. R., Renshaw, K. D., & Curby, T. W. (2015) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2015.10.007 · Cited by 73
“In a study of 479 college students, Gratz and Roemer (2004) found that the total sum of difficulties across multiple domains of emotion regulation was related to fewer self-reported displays of both positive and negative emotions.”
BackgroundInfluentialFerdek, M. A., van Rijn, C. M., & Wyczesany, M. (2016) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-016-0456-x · Cited by 67
“For a detailed description of each subscale see Gratz and Roemer (2004).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAlternative models of disorders of traumatic stress based on the new ICD ‐11 proposals
Shevlin, M. E., Hyland, P., Karatzias, T., Fyvie, C., Roberts, N. P., Bisson, J. I., Brewin, C. R., & Cloître, M. (2017) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12695 · Cited by 63
“The DERS is a standardized 36-item measure of emotion regulation involving not just the modulation of emotional arousal, but also the awareness, understanding and acceptance of emotions, and the ability to act in desired ways regardless of emotional state (14).”
Tull, M. T., Berghoff, C. R., Wheeless, L. E., Cohen, R. T., & Gratz, K. L. (2017) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2017.05.005 · Cited by 63
“…use of nonavoidant situationally appropriate strategies to modulate the intensity and duration of emotional responses in order to meet individual goals and situational demands; and willingness to experience negative emotions in pursuit of meaningful activities in life (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAnderson, L. K., Claudat, K., Cusack, A., Brown, T. A., Trim, J., Rockwell, R. E., Nakamura, T., Gomez, L., & Kaye, W. H. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22638 · Cited by 64
“Previous research indicates this measure has sound psychometric properties in samples of both adults and adolescents (Gratz & Roemer, 2004, Neumann, van Lier, Gratz & Hoot, 2010).”
InfluentialBarrault, S., Mathieu, S., Brunault, P., & Varescon, I. (2018) · International Gambling Studies · doi:10.1080/14459795.2018.1501403 · Cited by 63
“As the role of emotion regulation remains unclear in PG, other assessment tools, such as the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004), should be used to assess specific dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies (non-acceptance of emotional response, difficulty…”
MethodChiodelli, R., de Mello, L. T. N., de Jesús, S. N., & Andretta, I. (2018) · Psicologia Reflexão e Crítica · doi:10.1186/s41155-018-0099-7 · Cited by 66
The transdiagnostic structure of mental effort avoidance
Patzelt, E. H., Kool, W., Millner, A. J., & Gershman, S. J. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37802-1 · Cited by 72
Lam, K. N., & Seiden, D. Y. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01257-w · Cited by 69
Aldao, A., Mennin, D. S., Linardatos, E., & Fresco, D. M. (2010) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.12.001 · Cited by 61
Tull, M. T., Schulzinger, D., Schmidt, N. B., Zvolensky, M. J., & Lejuez, C. W. (2007) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445506297020 · Cited by 61
Social Cognition and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Review of Subdomains of Social Functioning
Jansen, M., Overgaauw, S., & de Bruijn, E. R. A. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00118 · Cited by 67
The Relationship Between Emotion Regulation and Sexual Function and Satisfaction: A Scoping Review
Fischer, V. J., Andersson, G., Billieux, J., & Vögele, C. (2022) · Sexual Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2021.11.004 · Cited by 79
“9,13 ER strategies are not intrinsically adaptive or mal-adaptive.”
BackgroundBradbury, L. L., & Shaffer, A. (2012) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2012.678466 · Cited by 77
Donahue, J. J., McClure, K. S., & Moon, S. M. (2013) · Personality Disorders Theory Research and Treatment · doi:10.1037/per0000025 · Cited by 67
“Over a period of 4 to 8 weeks, test–retest reliability was .88 for the total score, with a range of .57 to .89 among the subscales (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSoenke, M., Hahn, K. S., Tull, M. T., & Gratz, K. L. (2009) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-009-9264-8 · Cited by 62
Self-citationShorey, R. C., Cornelius, T. L., & Idema, C. (2011) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/0886-6708.26.3.271 · Cited by 61
Metadata
- Authors
- Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Massachusetts Boston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gratz, Kim L.
- Venue
- Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment
- Published
- 2004-03
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 41-54
- ISSN
- 0164-0305 (ISSN-L)
- 0882-2689
- 1573-3505
- OpenAlex
- W2017039362
- Cited by
- 8,942
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 849 · 2025: 928 · 2024: 828 · 2023: 808 · 2022: 723 · 2021: 730 · 2020: 646 · 2019: 591 · 2018: 546 · 2017: 460 · 2016: 394 · 2015: 339 · 2014: 316 · 2013: 213 · 2012: 171
- FWCI
- 13.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, emotional dysregulation, factor structure, psychometric validation, emotional awareness, emotional acceptance, adults, questionnaire development
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