The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Multidimensional Assessment of Emotion Regulation and Dysregulation: Development, Factor Structure, and Initial Validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale
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In the citing paper
“This measure has demonstrated good internal consistency (α = .93) and validity (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
From Difficulties in emotion regulation in treatment-seeking alcoholics with and without co-occurring mood and anxiety disorders. (2018) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“Emotion regulation capability was assessed using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), a 36-item scale 40.”
In the citing paper
“Posing questions at a single time point about typical behavior does not give us strong purchase on the operation of dynamic concepts in varied contexts (e.g., Gratz & Roemer, 2004; Palmieri, Boden, & Berenbaum, 2009; Salovey, Mayer, Goldman, Turvey, & Palfai, 1995).”
From Psychological flexibility as a fundamental aspect of health (2010) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“This inconsistency in the findings could be due to the different scales used as the original study (Romero-Moreno et al., 2017) employed a measure of acceptance not specifically designed for dementia caregivers (i.e., the subscale of the Emotion Regulation Scale, Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
From Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Valued Living Questionnaire Adapted to Caregiving (2023) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“DERS scores have also been shown to have good test–retest reliability (ρI = 0.88, P < 0.01) [14].”
From Emotion regulation in substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“Now, when it comes to assessing dysfunctional ER, in an integrative study on the so-called “Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale,” lack of emotional clarity and, even more seriously, the lack of emotional awareness has been suggested to be a crucial component (Gratz and Roemer, 2004).”
From Collaborative Irrationality, Akrasia, and Groupthink: Social Disruptions of Emotion Regulation (2017) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The DERS has also been reported to have adequate predictive and constructive validity [14], with scores being correlated with depression and anxiety symptoms [18].”
From Emotion regulation in substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“The DERS was developed to assess a range of emotion regulation difficulties associated with the development and maintenance of psychopathology using a single measure to reduce patient burden and clinical overlap which can occur when using multiple tools (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
From Psychometric properties of acceptance measures: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“It uses a 5-point Likert scale and has shown acceptable test-retest reliability and internal consistency in adolescent populations [137-140].”
From Family Support Protocol for Adolescent Internalizing Disorders: Protocol for a Pre-Post Quantitative Treatment Development Study (2024) · cites this paper as [138]
In the citing paper
“The DERS-16 is a short, valid measure of emotion regulation [29,44].”
From A Virtual Reality-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for and With Inuit in Québec: Protocol for a Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“The DERS’s psychometric properties are favorable, having moderate to very strong internal consistency (α=.69-.97) and strong retest reliability (r=0.88; ρI=0.85) [29, 46-49].”
From A Virtual Reality-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for and With Inuit in Québec: Protocol for a Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [46]
In the citing paper
“In Gratz and Roemer’s (5) definition of adaptive emotion regulation, awareness and acceptance of emotions, and the ability to modulate emotional responses are emphasized, together with controlling impulsive behaviors to act according to a long-term goal or value, despite the presence of negative emotions.”
From An emotion regulation skills training for adolescents and parents: perceptions and acceptability of methodological aspects (2024) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“The conceptualization of emotion regulation in the current intervention is in line with the definition of emotion regulation by Gratz and Roemer (5), which emphasizes awareness, understanding and acceptance of emotions.”
From An emotion regulation skills training for adolescents and parents: perceptions and acceptability of methodological aspects (2024) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“This scale is a well-validated and widely used self-report measure with excellent psychometric properties (internal consistency α = 0.93).”
From Embodied Cognition in Meditation, Yoga, and Ethics—An Experimental Single-Case Study on the Differential Effects of Four Mind–Body Treatments (2022) · cites this paper as [54]
In the citing paper
“DERS has good psychometric properties in the general population. Internal consistency is 0.93, test-retest reliability is adequate, and convergent and incremental validity are shown.”
From Efficacy of an internet-based psychological intervention for problem gambling and gambling disorder: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The authors found high internal consistency, good test-retest reliability and adequate construct and predictive validity.”
From Brief psychological intervention for distress tolerance in an adult secondary care community mental health service: an evaluation (2020) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“An impaired awareness, understanding and acceptance of emotions or few appropriate emotion regulation strategies [19] are related to interpersonal problems [20, 21].”
In the citing paper
“the multidimensional model of emotion dysregulation proposed by Gratz and Roemer (2004) has been widely adopted in the clinical literature in relation to its association with numerous psychological disorders.”
From An Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control (ERIC) Intervention for Vulnerable Young People: A Multi-Sectoral Pilot Study (2021) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The eight domains are informed by Gratz and Roemer's (2004) model and target important processes or strategies to help young people regulate their emotions and control impulsive behaviors linked to negative emotion (i.e., urgency (Cyders and Smith, 2008; Weiss et al., 2013a).”
From An Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control (ERIC) Intervention for Vulnerable Young People: A Multi-Sectoral Pilot Study (2021) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“Based on Gratz and Roemer’s (2004) model of emotion regulation, the Difficulties in Emotions Regulation Scale (DERS) was developed accordingly for the measurement of the difficulties in emotion regulation.”
From Adolescents' mindfulness and psychological distress: The mediating role of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“DERS was more comprehensive to cover a wider range of emotion regulation strategies including the clarity of emotions, acceptance of emotional experience, impulsion control, goal-directed behavior and flexibility in strategies”
From Adolescents' mindfulness and psychological distress: The mediating role of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“This construct is not entirely equivalent to emotional dysregulation (operationalised by Maddox et al. with the Emotion Regulation Scale [75]), but encapsulates the latter in combination with difficulty identifying and understanding one’s emotions [76, 77].”
From A 'choice', an 'addiction', a way 'out of the lost': Exploring self-injury in autistic people without intellectual disability (2019) · cites this paper as [75]
In the citing paper
“The DERS has been shown to have high internal consistency (α = 0.93), good test-retest reliability (r = 0.88), and construct validity (Gratz and Roemer, 2004).”
From Online mindfulness-enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression: Outcomes of a pilot trial (2018) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“Preliminary data indicate high internal consistency, good test-retest reliability and adequate construct and predictive validity.”
From Dbt-enhanced cognitive-behavioral treatment for trichotillomania: A randomized controlled trial (2012) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The questionnaire also has adequate construct and predictive validity and good test-retest reliability.”
In the citing paper
“The internal consistency for the total scale as well as for the subscales appeared to be adequate (varying between a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.80 and 0.93).”
In the citing paper
“The DERS has adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.93), test–retest reliability (r = 0.88), and construct and predictive validity among a college sample (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
From Feasibility, Acceptability and Preliminary Efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Autistic Adults without Intellectual Disability: A Mixed Methods Study (2022) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“McVey et al. (2021) provided preliminary evidence for the utility of the DERS in autistic adolescents and adults. Their results supported a 6-factor structure, similar to that found in the general population (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
From Feasibility, Acceptability and Preliminary Efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Autistic Adults without Intellectual Disability: A Mixed Methods Study (2022) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“Research supports its reliability and validity. 30,31”
From Dialectical behaviour therapy skills training: A feasibility study with active duty military. (2022) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“Diagnoses were derived by the CIDI and validated by expert clinicians [33][34][35][36][37][38] .”
From Treating Treatment-Resistant Patients with Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia Using Psychotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Switching Trial. (2015) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“Some of these habitual affective/cognitive styles can be measured with self-report instruments (e.g., Gratz & Roemer, 2004; Hayes et al., 2004; Hofmann & Kashdan, 2010; Meyer, Miller, Metzger, & Borkovec, 1990; Treynor, Gonzalez, & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2003).”
From Toward a Cognitive-Behavioral Classification System for Mental Disorders (2014) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“Anxiety and depression were assessed using Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anxiety Short Form 8a (Cronbach's α = 0.92) 74,75 and PROMIS Depression Short Form 8a (α = 0.97).”
From Mindfulness training enhances self-regulation and facilitates health behavior change for primary care patients: A randomized controlled trial (2019) · cites this paper as [81]
In the citing paper
“The second questionnaire was the Filipino version of the Emotion Regulation Scale (Gill and Lopez, 2018) adapted from DERS (Gratz and Roemer, 2004).”
From Safe schools for teens: Preventing sexual abuse of urban poor teens, proof-of-concept study-improving teachers'and students'knowledge, skills and attitudes (2020) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The Filipino version of the Emotion Regulation Scale (Gill and Lopez, 2018) was adapted and translated for children from the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale or DERS (Gratz and Roemer, 2004). After translation of the original DERS, only 22 items were retained after exploring the validity and reliability of the translated version (Gill and Lopez, 2018).”
From Safe schools for teens: Preventing sexual abuse of urban poor teens, proof-of-concept study-improving teachers'and students'knowledge, skills and attitudes (2020) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The DERS has high internal consistency (α =.93) and good test-retest reliability (r=.74 −.78 for women).(54)”
In the citing paper
“Graz reported the validity of the questionnaire as 0.93 and its reliability was 0.80, using Cronbach’s alpha (9).”
From Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on interpersonal problems and difficulties in emotion regulation among university students (2017) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“emotion regulation has been indicated as a moderator of anxiety and depressive symptoms [46]”
From Uptake and adherence to an online intervention for cancer-related distress: older age is not a barrier to adherence but may be a barrier to uptake (2017) · cites this paper as [46]
In the citing paper
“The test–retest reliability for the total score is good (r = 0.88; subscales 0.56 < r < 0.90).”
From The Effectiveness of Art Therapy for Anxiety in Adult Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2019) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The construct validity and internal consistency (Cronbach’s α > 0.80) is sufficient for all scales (Gratz and Roemer, 2004; Neumann et al., 2010).”
From The Effectiveness of Art Therapy for Anxiety in Adult Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2019) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
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Items 1,101–1,200 of 1,355
Mallorquí-Bagué, N., Mena-Moreno, T., Granero, R., Vintró-Alcaraz, C., Sánchez-González, J., Fernández-Aranda, F., Pino-Gutiérrez, A. D., Mestre-Bach, G., Aymamí, N., Gómez-Peña, M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.7.2018.132 · Cited by 39
“Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004; Schreiber, Grant, & Odlaug, 2012), Spanish validation (Hervás & Jódar, 2008; Wolz et al., 2015), is a 36-item self-report scale that assesses relevant difficulties in ER on six subscales: non-acceptance of emotional responses,…”
BackgroundLopez‐Gomez, I., Chaves, C., Hervas, G., & Vazquez, C. (2017) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2129 · Cited by 39
“…positive affect (Responses to Positive Affect Questionnaire, RPA; Feldman et al. 2008; α = .75 for dampening, α = .82 for emotion-focus, α = .78 for self-focus), and emotion regulation difficulties (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004; Hervas & Jodar 2008; α = .89).”
BackgroundBarney, J. L., Murray, H. B., Manasse, S. M., Dochat, C., & Juarascio, A. S. (2019) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2673 · Cited by 39
“All but one utilized either one or both of two validated tools to measure emotion regulation: Negative Mood Regulation Scale (NMR; Catanzaro & Mearns, 1990) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
MethodMinkler, T. O., Glass, C. R., & Hut, M. (2021) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2020.1739169 · Cited by 39
“Subscales of the DERS, SAS-2, SRF, and CRF were included as dependent variables in separate MANOVAs, respectively, with an additional MANOVA for mindfulness (PHLMS and MIS subscales).”
InfluentialTreatment improves symptoms shared by PTSD and disordered eating
Mitchell, K. S., Wells, S. Y., Mendes, A., & Resick, P. A. (2012) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.21737 · Cited by 38
Krause-Utz, A., Mertens, L. J., Renn, J. B., Lucke, P., Wöhlke, A. Z., van Schie, C. C., & Mouthaan, J. (2021) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260518817782 · Cited by 37
“A possible explanation for these inconsistencies is that in the present study coping was measured with the CERQ, which focuses on cognitive coping strategies (Garnefski et al., 2001) and might not capture general difficulties in emotion regulation (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
ResultRojas, B., Catalan, E., Diez, G., & Roca, P. (2023) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0287388 · Cited by 38
“75 Emotion Regulation Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) [45], 28 item.”
BackgroundValidation of the distress tolerance scale-short form in obsessive compulsive disorder
Garner, L. E., Van Kirk, N., Tifft, E. D., Krompinger, J. W., Mathes, B. M., Fraire, M., Falkenstein, M. J., Brennan, B. P., Crosby, J. M., & Elias, J. A. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22554 · Cited by 37
Tao, Y., Liu, X., Hou, W., Niu, H., Wang, S., Ma, Z., Bi, D., & Zhang, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.901686 · Cited by 39
Afshari, B., Omidi, A., & Ahmadvand, A. (2020) · Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy · doi:10.1007/s10879-019-09442-7 · Cited by 38
“Participants answer on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (almost never) to 5 (almost always), and higher scores indicate a higher level of emotion disregulation (Gratz and Roemer 2004).”
BackgroundRetractedBraden, A., Barnhart, W. R., Kalantzis, M., Redondo, R., Dauber, A., Anderson, L., & Tilstra-Ferrell, E. L. (2023) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2023.106510 · Cited by 38
Hambour, V. K., Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Clear, S., Rowe, S., & Avdagic, E. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.05.037 · Cited by 37
Brief mindfulness training in the social work practice classroom
Thomas, J. T. (2017) · Social Work Education · doi:10.1080/02615479.2016.1250878 · Cited by 38
“…in the survey, including the Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS, Brown & Ryan, 2003), the Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS, Gratz & Roemer, 2004), and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, (IRI, Davis, 1983) as well demographic questions (age and gender) and three…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKrause-Utz, A., Walther, J.-C., Lis, S., Schmahl, C., & Bohus, M. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718002489 · Cited by 38
“It was checked whether results changed after adding arousal, DERS, ERQ, BSL, BDI, and STAI scores as covariates.”
MethodInfluentialCollege Student Binge Eating: Insecure Attachment and Emotion Regulation
Han, S., & Pistole, M. C. (2014) · Journal of College Student Development · doi:10.1353/csd.2014.0004 · Cited by 38
“The 36item Diffi culties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004) measures adaptive/ maladaptive emotion regulation with six dimensions: (a) acceptance, 6 items, not accepting one’s feeling by having a negative emotional reaction to the feeling (e.g., “When I am upset, I feel guilty…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMcVey, A. J., Schiltz, H. K., Coffman, M., Antezana, L., & Magnus, B. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05018-4 · Cited by 37
“…(2) difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior (Goals), (3) impulse control difficulties (Impulse), (4) lack of emotional awareness (Awareness), (5) limited access to emotion regulation strategies (Strategies), and (6) lack of emotional clarity (Clarity) (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialLevin, M. E., Dalrymple, K., & Zimmerman, M. (2014) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0034706 · Cited by 36
Kladnitski, N., Smith, J., Allen, A., Andrews, G., & Newby, J. M. (2018) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2018.06.003 · Cited by 37
“PHQ9=Patient Health Questionnaire – 9 item; GAD-7=The Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale; K-10=Kessler Distress Scale – 10 item; WEMWBS=Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale; WHODAS-II= The 12-item World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule; PSWQ=Penn State Worry Questionnaire; RRS=Ruminative…”
BackgroundInfluentialMadrid, B. J., Lopez, G. D., Dans, L. F., Fry, D. A., Duka-Pante, F. G. H., & Muyot, A. T. (2020) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04080 · Cited by 37
“After translation of the original DERS, only 22 items were retained after exploring the validity and reliability of the translated version (Gill and Lopez, 2018).”
MethodInfluentialDaros, A. R., Guevara, M. A., Uliaszek, A. A., McMain, S. F., & Ruocco, A. C. (2018) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000487008 · Cited by 37
O’Toole, M. S., Mennin, D. S., Applebaum, A., Weber, B., Rose, H., Fresco, D. M., & Zachariae, R. (2020) · JNCI Cancer Spectrum · doi:10.1093/jncics/pkz074 · Cited by 36
Wilks, C. R., Valenstein-Mah, H., Tran, H., King, A. M. M., Lungu, A., & Linehan, M. M. (2017) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2016.06.004 · Cited by 35
Knefel, M., Lueger‐Schuster, B., Karatzias, T., Shevlin, M., & Hyland, P. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22655 · Cited by 37
Wisener, M., & Khoury, B. (2021) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106590 · Cited by 36
Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale
Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2015) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t01029-000 · Cited by 37
Self-citationLotzin, A., Franc de Pommereau, A., & Laskowsky, I. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20075339 · Cited by 36
“2) Face-to-face Primary outcomes: Perceived stress: Perceived Stress Scale, PSS-10 [136] Trait and state anxiety: Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI [137] Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, DERS [138] PTSD symptoms: Modified PTSD Symptom Scale Self-Report, MPSS-SR [94] Depression: Center for Epidem…”
MethodInfluentialAtkinson, M. J., & Wade, T. D. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.09.012 · Cited by 36
Sarin, S., Amsel, R., & Binik, Y. M. (2014) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/jsm.12562 · Cited by 36
Doan, N., Patte, K. A., Ferro, M. A., & Leatherdale, S. T. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17197128 · Cited by 36
“Socio-emotional skills were assessed using a modified version of the Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) [30], that included one item from each of the DERS six subscales (27).”
MethodBrady, R. E., Bujarski, S. J., Feldner, M. T., & Pyne, J. M. (2017) · Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000155 · Cited by 34
O'Connor, E. E., Holly, L. E., Chevalier, L. L., Pincus, D. B., & Langer, D. A. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22941 · Cited by 35
“The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is a 36-item adult self-report measure of difficulties in multiple domains of emotion regulation (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundMethodA Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Mindfulness Program for Filipino Children
Alampay, L. P., Galvez Tan, L. J. T., Tuliao, A. P., Baranek, P., Ofreneo, M. A., Lopez, G. D., Fernandez, K. G., Rockman, P., Villasanta, A., Angangco, T., et al. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01124-8 · Cited by 35
Gratz, K. L., Spitzen, T. L., & Tull, M. T. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22950 · Cited by 36
“Finally, we assessed ERSE using a well-established measure of the perceived effectiveness of one’s emotion regulation strategies (see Gratz & Roemer, 2004) that has been used to assess ERSE in past research (e.g., Bardeen, Tull, Dixon-Gordon, Stevens, & Gratz, 2015; Benfer, Bardeen, & Clauss, 2018;…”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationHoarding and eating pathology: the mediating role of emotion regulation
Raines, A. M., Boffa, J. W., Allan, N. P., Short, N. A., & Schmidt, N. B. (2015) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.11.005 · Cited by 35
“Emotion dysregulation Emotion regulation was measured using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) [23].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialRamaiya, M. K., McLean, C., Regmi, U., Fiorillo, D., Robins, C. J., & Kohrt, B. A. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22588 · Cited by 35
“An adapted version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004) was used to assess multiple areas of emotion regulation, including difficulties in emotion recognition and awareness, lack of emotional clarity, non-acceptance of emotion, difficulties engaging in…”
MethodBen-Dor Cohen, M., Eldar, E., Maeir, A., & Nahum, M. (2021) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-021-01904-8 · Cited by 35
“The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; [43]) was developed to assess ED more comprehensively than existing measures.”
BackgroundMethodFossati, A., Gratz, K. L., Somma, A., Maffei, C., & Borroni, S. (2016) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2015_29_222 · Cited by 33
Self-citationBerke, D. S., Macdonald, A., Poole, G. M., Portnoy, G. A., McSheffrey, S., Creech, S. K., & Taft, C. T. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.08.007 · Cited by 34
“…emotion regulation difficulties in general are a well-established risk factor for use of IPV as demonstrated by numerous cross-sectional studies (Gratz & Roemer, 2004; Gratz, Paulson, Jakupcak, & Tull, 2009; McNulty & Hellmuth, 2008; Shorey, Brasfield, Febres, & Stuart, 2011; Stuart, Moore,…”
BackgroundPrice, C. J., Merrill, J. O., McCarty, R. L., Pike, K. C., & Tsui, J. I. (2020) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2019.05.013 · Cited by 33
Pennou, A., Lecomte, T., Potvin, S., & Khazaal, Y. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00302 · Cited by 34
Suicide attempts and emotion regulation in psychiatric outpatients
Harris, L., Chelminski, I., Dalrymple, K., Morgan, T., & Zimmerman, M. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.054 · Cited by 34
Unified protocol vs trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy among adolescents with PTSD
Mohajerin, B., Lynn, S. J., & Cassiello-Robbins, C. (2023) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2023.03.003 · Cited by 35
Fisher, N. R., Mead, B. R., Lattimore, P., & Malinowski, P. (2017) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.07.019 · Cited by 34
“Emotion regulation is a multidimensional construct characterized by flexible modulation strategies, behavioural control, emotional awareness and distress tolerance (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundInfluentialAn experimental investigation of emotion dysregulation in borderline personality disorder.
Gratz, K. L., Rosenthal, M. Z., Tull, M. T., Lejuez, C. W., & Gunderson, J. G. (2009) · Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment · doi:10.1037/1949-2715.s.1.18 · Cited by 33
Self-citationMaack, D. J., Tull, M. T., & Gratz, K. L. (2012) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.05.005 · Cited by 33
Fassbinder, E., Assmann, N., Schaich, A., Heinecke, K., Wagner, T., Sipos, V., Jauch-Chara, K., Hüppe, M., Arntz, A., & Schweiger, U. (2018) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1905-6 · Cited by 33
“Difficulties in emotion regulation are assessed with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), which has high internal consistency, good test-retest reliability, and adequate construct and predictive validity [85].”
MethodKells, M., Joyce, M., Flynn, D., Spillane, A., & Hayes, A. (2020) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-020-0119-y · Cited by 33
Juarascio, A. S., Parker, M. N., Hunt, R., Murray, H. B., Presseller, E. K., & Manasse, S. M. (2021) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23512 · Cited by 33
“…change in its putative mechanistic variables relative to CBT. Emotional awareness/clarity was measured using the Awareness and Clarity subscales of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), a 36-item self-report measure examining problems with emotion regulation (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
MethodInfluentialGarcia-Lopez, L.-J., Jimenez-Vazquez, D., Muela-Martinez, J.-A., Piqueras, J. A., Espinosa-Fernandez, L., Canals-Sans, J., Vivas-Fernandez, M., Morales-Hidalgo, P., Diaz-Castela, M.-M., Rivera, M., et al. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-05421-3 · Cited by 34
“The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
Dunning, D., Ahmed, S., Foulkes, L., Griffin, C., Griffiths, K., Leung, J. T., Parker, J., Piera Pi-Sunyer, B., Sakhardande, A., Bennett, M., et al. (2022) · Evidence Based Mental Health · doi:10.1136/ebmental-2022-300460 · Cited by 31
“…completed: the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF 18 ) as a self-report measure of executive control; the Child-Adolescent Mindfulness Measure 19 to assess mindfulness skills; and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS 20 ) to assess emotion regulation problems.”
MethodGeller, P. A., Posmontier, B., Horowitz, J. A., Bonacquisti, A., & Chiarello, L. A. (2018) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-018-9974-z · Cited by 30
Rogers, M. L., Hom, M. A., Dougherty, S. P., Gallyer, A. J., & Joiner, T. E. (2020) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2018.1522283 · Cited by 31
“The DERS is a 36-item self-report measure that assesses multiple dimensions of emotion dysregulation (i.e., non-acceptance of emotional responses, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior, impulse control difficulties, lack of emotional awareness, limited access to emotion regulation strategies, and lack of emo…”
BackgroundInfluentialMackesy-Amiti, M. E., & Boodram, B. (2018) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.03.016 · Cited by 32
“We conducted chi-square tests to assess bivariate associations of (1) EMA participation and (2) return for follow-up (among EMA responders) with categorical variables including sex, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, employment, homelessness, injection frequency, receptive syringe sharing, and depression score, and t…”
MethodInfluentialEaddy, M., Zullo, L., Horton, S. E., Hughes, J. L., Kennard, B., Diederich, A., Emslie, G. J., Schuster, L., & Stewart, S. M. (2019) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12472 · Cited by 32
Plonsker, R., Gavish Biran, D., Zvielli, A., & Bernstein, A. (2017) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2016.1211993 · Cited by 31
“A closely related phenomenon, secondary emotions, relates to emotion generative and regulatory processes important to disorders of emotion dysregulation (Ebner-Priemer et al., 2007; Gratz & Roemer, 2004; Greenberg & Safran, 1989; Linehan, 1993).”
BackgroundGoldstein, B., Bradley, B., Ressler, K. J., & Powers, A. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22332 · Cited by 32
“SD = standard deviation; TEI = Traumatic Events Inventory; MINI = MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview; DERS = Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale; CAPS = Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. across different samples (Lecrubier et al., 1997; Sheehan et al., 1997).”
BackgroundInfluentialMelen, S., Pepping, C. A., & O’Donovan, A. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0587-8 · Cited by 31
Pruessner, L., Timm, C., Kalmar, J., Bents, H., Barnow, S., & Mander, J. (2024) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1155/2024/9081139 · Cited by 37
Self-Acceptance Group Therapy: A Transdiagnostic, Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Shame
Schoenleber, M., & Gratz, K. L. (2018) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2017.05.002 · Cited by 31
Self-citationSchweizer, T., Schmitz, J., Plempe, L., Sun, D., Becker-Asano, C., Leonhart, R., & Tuschen-Caffier, B. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190360 · Cited by 30
Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., Thompson, K., Perera, S., Rayner, V., Chong, S. Y., et al. (2022) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743721992677 · Cited by 30
The impact of attachment security and emotion dysregulation on anxiety in children and adolescents
Bender, P. K., Sømhovd, M., Pons, F., Reinholdt-Dunne, M. L., & Esbjørn, B. H. (2015) · Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties · doi:10.1080/13632752.2014.933510 · Cited by 31
“The DERS consists of the following six subscales: (1) non-acceptance of negative emotional responses (NoAcpt; e.g. ‘When I’m upset, I become angry at myself for feeling that way’), (2) difficulties engaging in goaldirected behaviour when experiencing negative emotions (Goals; e.g. ‘When I’m upset, I have difficulty th…”
BackgroundInfluentialExamining risk and protective factors for psychological health during the COVID-19 pandemic
Racine, S., Miller, A., Mehak, A., & Trolio, V. (2022) · Anxiety, Stress, & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2021.1958789 · Cited by 31
“…(1) lack of emotional clarity; (2) lack of emotional awareness; (3) non-acceptance of emotions; (4) difficulties controlling impulses when distressed; (5) difficulties engaging in goal-directed behaviors when upset; (6) limited access to emotion regulation strategies (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundGonzalez, A., Zvolensky, M. J., Hogan, J., McLeish, A. C., & Weibust, K. S. (2011) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.07.011 · Cited by 31
Cludius, B., Mannsfeld, A. K., Schmidt, A. F., & Jelinek, L. (2021) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-020-01199-8 · Cited by 31
Lebeaut, A., Zegel, M., Leonard, S. J., Bartlett, B. A., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2021) · Journal of Dual Diagnosis · doi:10.1080/15504263.2020.1854411 · Cited by 30
Emotion dysregulation as a cross-cutting target for inpatient psychiatric intervention
Fowler, J. C., Clapp, J. D., Madan, A., Allen, J. G., Oldham, J. M., & Frueh, B. C. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.043 · Cited by 29
Sex-specific effects of gender identification on pain study recruitment
Mattos Feijó, L., Tarman, G. Z., Fontaine, C., Harrison, R., Johnstone, T., & Salomons, T. (2018) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2017.09.009 · Cited by 29
“This included the Big Five Inventory [26], Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale [22], Behavioural Inhibition/Behavioural Activation [12], Pain Catastrophizing Scale [61], Domain-specific Risk-attitude Scale [70] and Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury [30, 31].”
MethodSahib, A., Chen, J., Cárdenas, D., Calear, A. L., & Wilson, C. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.056 · Cited by 34
Sloan, E., Hall, K., Simpson, A., Youssef, G. J., Moulding, R., Mildred, H., & Staiger, P. K. (2018) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2017.12.006 · Cited by 30
Yi, M., Li, X., Chiaramonte, D., Sun, S., Pan, S., Soulliard, Z., Eisenstadt, B. E., Ljótsson, B., Hagaman, A., & Pachankis, J. (2024) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2024.104605 · Cited by 31
Navarrete, J., García-Salvador, M. Á., Cebolla, A., & Baños, R. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01827-5 · Cited by 29
“Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale‑Short Form (DERS‑SF) The DERS-SF (Kaufman et al., 2016) is the 18-item version of the DERS (Gratz & Roemer, 2004) consisting of six subscales measuring limited access to emotion regulation strategies (3 items; e.g., “When I’m upset, I believe there is…”
MethodKohlhoff, J., Cibralic, S., Wallace, N., Morgan, S., McMahon, C., Hawkins, E., Eapen, V., Briggs, N., Huber, A., & McNeil, C. (2020) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-020-00457-7 · Cited by 29
“88), and adequate construct and predictive validity [66].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEmotion regulation deficits across the spectrum of self-harm
Clapham, R., & Brausch, A. (2022) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2021.1972366 · Cited by 26
Iannattone, S., Mezzalira, S., Bottesi, G., Gatta, M., & Miscioscia, M. (2024) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-023-00700-0 · Cited by 28
“…social media use; indeed, impulsivity has been recognized as a predisposing or maintenance factor of dysfunctional technology-related behaviors [15, 58], and the inability to refrain from impulsive behavior when upset is a dimension of emotion dysregulation according to Gratz and Roemer [40].”
BackgroundBurckhardt, R., Manicavasagar, V., Shaw, F., Fogarty, A., Batterham, P. J., Dobinson, K., & Karpin, I. (2018) · International Journal of Adolescence and Youth · doi:10.1080/02673843.2017.1292927 · Cited by 26
“Cronbach’s alpha for the entire scale is .93 and for the subscales range from .80 to .89 (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundMethodDBT-Enhanced Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adolescent Trichotillomania: An Adolescent Case Study
Welch, S. S., & Kim, J. (2012) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.11.002 · Cited by 27
Working Memory Training for Adolescents With Cannabis Use Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Sweeney, M. M., Rass, O., DiClemente, C., Schacht, R. L., Vo, H. T., Fishman, M. J., Leoutsakos, J.-M. S., Mintzer, M. Z., & Johnson, M. W. (2018) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/1067828x.2018.1451793 · Cited by 27
“Difficulties in emotion regulation Self-reported difficulties in emotion regulation were assessed using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004), with higher scores (overall range from 36 to 180) indicating greater difficulties.”
MethodHuman habit neural circuitry may be perturbed in eating disorders
Wang, A. R., Kuijper, F. M., Barbosa, D. A. N., Hagan, K. E., Lee, E., Tong, E., Choi, E. Y., McNab, J. A., Bohon, C., & Halpern, C. H. (2023) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abo4919 · Cited by 27
“In addition to eating-related measures, the BDI was acquired to assess for depression symptoms, and the DERS was acquired with particular attention to the impulse control subscale (67, 68).”
MethodPatel, H., Easterbrook, B., D'Alessandro-Lowe, A. M., Andrews, K., Ritchie, K., Hosseiny, F., Rodrigues, S., Malain, A., O’Connor, C., Schielke, H., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2023.2180706 · Cited by 27
Owens, G. P., Held, P., Hamrick, L., & Keller, E. (2018) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-018-9688-0 · Cited by 27
Russell, B. S., Hutchison, M., & Fusco, A. (2019) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/1067828x.2018.1561577 · Cited by 26
“Emotion regulation was assessed using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDaros, A. R., Daniel, K. E., Boukhechba, M., Chow, P. I., Barnes, L. E., & Teachman, B. A. (2020) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2019.1681364 · Cited by 25
“…redundant with one another, consisting of difficulties in: emotional awareness, understanding emotions, emotional acceptance, the ability to control impulsive behaviours and to engage in goal-directed behaviour when experiencing unwanted emotions, and ER strategy selection (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHeath, N., Midkiff, M. F., Gerhart, J., & Turow, R. G. (2021) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2021.1878306 · Cited by 27
“This model, and its associated self-report measure the Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004), is widely used by clinicians and researchers (see Harvey et al., 2019).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialTauber, N. M., O’Toole, M. S., Jensen, A. B., Butow, P. N., Thewes, B., Elkjær, E., Knutzen, S., von Heymann, A., Johansen, C., & Zachariae, R. (2023) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.6193 · Cited by 26
Nunes da Silva, A. (2021) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000519786 · Cited by 26
Fang, S., Ding, D., Zhang, R., & Huang, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1084467 · Cited by 25
Carruthers, S. P., Rossell, S. L., Murray, G., Karantonis, J., Furlong, L. S., & Van Rheenen, T. E. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.107 · Cited by 24
“Difficulties in emotion regulation was assessed using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz and Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundMethodExploring DBT skills training as a treatment avenue for generalized anxiety disorder
Malivoire, B. L. (2020) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12339 · Cited by 25
Watford, T. S., & Stafford, J. (2015) · Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice · doi:10.1037/cns0000039 · Cited by 25
“…found that accepting without judgment, a mindfulness skill assessed by the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS; Baer et al., 2004), was negatively correlated with all facets of emotion dysregulation as measured by the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialVillanueva, J., Meyer, A. H., Rinner, M. T. B., Firsching, V. J., Benoy, C., Brogli, S., Walter, M., Bader, K., & Gloster, A. T. (2019) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2109-4 · Cited by 25
Rogers, A. H., Orr, M. F., Shepherd, J. M., Bakhshaie, J., Ditre, J. W., Buckner, J. D., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2021) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-020-00169-8 · Cited by 25
Predicting emotional health indicators from linguistic evidence of psychological distancing
Shahane, A. D., & Denny, B. T. (2019) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2855 · Cited by 25
The Clinical Significance of Food Addiction
Wenzel, K. R., Weinstock, J., & McGrath, A. B. (2020) · Journal of Addiction Medicine · doi:10.1097/adm.0000000000000626 · Cited by 25
“, 2007), and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) (Gratz and Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundThe Inter-Relationship of Emotion Regulation, Self-Compassion, and Mental Health in Autistic Adults
Cai, R. Y., Love, A., Robinson, A., & Gibbs, V. (2023) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1089/aut.2022.0068 · Cited by 25
Gender moderates the relationship between attachment insecurities and emotion dysregulation
Velotti, P., D’Aguanno, M., de Campora, G., Di Francescantonio, S., Garofalo, C., Giromini, L., Petrocchi, C., Terrasi, M., & Zavattini, G. C. (2016) · South African Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1177/0081246315604582 · Cited by 25
“It is worth noting that, in the validation study of the DERS, Gratz and Roemer (2004) reported a different pattern of gender differences in their sample, with men having higher scores on the Awareness subscale than women.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialReliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire
Fujisato, H., Ito, M., Takebayashi, Y., Hosogoshi, H., Kato, N., Nakajima, S., Miyamae, M., Oe, Y., Usami, S., Kanie, A., et al. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.064 · Cited by 23
“The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz and Roemer, 2004) focuses on emotion dysregulation, however, it is unclear if the low level/lack of difficulties in emotion regulation implies high ability of emotion regulation.”
BackgroundLemaigre, C., & Taylor, E. P. (2019) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.11.013 · Cited by 24
“The measure has good psychometric properties (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
Black, M., Hitchcock, C., Bevan, A., O Leary, C., Clarke, J., Elliott, R., Watson, P., LaFortune, L., Rae, S., Gilbody, S., et al. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024546 · Cited by 24
Weiss, N. H., Duke, A. A., & Sullivan, T. P. (2014) · Anxiety, Stress, & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2014.899586 · Cited by 24
“…importance of considering the context in which coping strategies are used to determine whether the strategies are maladaptive or adaptive, rather than simply classifying strategies (Aldao, 2013; Calvete, Corral, & Estévez, 2008; Gratz & Roemer, 2004; Kocot & Goodman, 2003; Waldrop & Resick, 2004).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Massachusetts Boston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gratz, Kim L.
- Venue
- Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment
- Published
- 2004-03
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 41-54
- ISSN
- 0164-0305 (ISSN-L)
- 0882-2689
- 1573-3505
- OpenAlex
- W2017039362
- Cited by
- 8,942
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 849 · 2025: 928 · 2024: 828 · 2023: 808 · 2022: 723 · 2021: 730 · 2020: 646 · 2019: 591 · 2018: 546 · 2017: 460 · 2016: 394 · 2015: 339 · 2014: 316 · 2013: 213 · 2012: 171
- FWCI
- 13.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, emotional dysregulation, factor structure, psychometric validation, emotional awareness, emotional acceptance, adults, questionnaire development
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