The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Multidimensional Assessment of Emotion Regulation and Dysregulation: Development, Factor Structure, and Initial Validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale
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In the citing paper
“This measure has demonstrated good internal consistency (α = .93) and validity (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
From Difficulties in emotion regulation in treatment-seeking alcoholics with and without co-occurring mood and anxiety disorders. (2018) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“Emotion regulation capability was assessed using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), a 36-item scale 40.”
In the citing paper
“Posing questions at a single time point about typical behavior does not give us strong purchase on the operation of dynamic concepts in varied contexts (e.g., Gratz & Roemer, 2004; Palmieri, Boden, & Berenbaum, 2009; Salovey, Mayer, Goldman, Turvey, & Palfai, 1995).”
From Psychological flexibility as a fundamental aspect of health (2010) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“This inconsistency in the findings could be due to the different scales used as the original study (Romero-Moreno et al., 2017) employed a measure of acceptance not specifically designed for dementia caregivers (i.e., the subscale of the Emotion Regulation Scale, Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
From Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Valued Living Questionnaire Adapted to Caregiving (2023) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“DERS scores have also been shown to have good test–retest reliability (ρI = 0.88, P < 0.01) [14].”
From Emotion regulation in substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“Now, when it comes to assessing dysfunctional ER, in an integrative study on the so-called “Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale,” lack of emotional clarity and, even more seriously, the lack of emotional awareness has been suggested to be a crucial component (Gratz and Roemer, 2004).”
From Collaborative Irrationality, Akrasia, and Groupthink: Social Disruptions of Emotion Regulation (2017) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The DERS has also been reported to have adequate predictive and constructive validity [14], with scores being correlated with depression and anxiety symptoms [18].”
From Emotion regulation in substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“The DERS was developed to assess a range of emotion regulation difficulties associated with the development and maintenance of psychopathology using a single measure to reduce patient burden and clinical overlap which can occur when using multiple tools (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
From Psychometric properties of acceptance measures: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“It uses a 5-point Likert scale and has shown acceptable test-retest reliability and internal consistency in adolescent populations [137-140].”
From Family Support Protocol for Adolescent Internalizing Disorders: Protocol for a Pre-Post Quantitative Treatment Development Study (2024) · cites this paper as [138]
In the citing paper
“The DERS-16 is a short, valid measure of emotion regulation [29,44].”
From A Virtual Reality-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for and With Inuit in Québec: Protocol for a Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“The DERS’s psychometric properties are favorable, having moderate to very strong internal consistency (α=.69-.97) and strong retest reliability (r=0.88; ρI=0.85) [29, 46-49].”
From A Virtual Reality-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for and With Inuit in Québec: Protocol for a Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [46]
In the citing paper
“In Gratz and Roemer’s (5) definition of adaptive emotion regulation, awareness and acceptance of emotions, and the ability to modulate emotional responses are emphasized, together with controlling impulsive behaviors to act according to a long-term goal or value, despite the presence of negative emotions.”
From An emotion regulation skills training for adolescents and parents: perceptions and acceptability of methodological aspects (2024) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“The conceptualization of emotion regulation in the current intervention is in line with the definition of emotion regulation by Gratz and Roemer (5), which emphasizes awareness, understanding and acceptance of emotions.”
From An emotion regulation skills training for adolescents and parents: perceptions and acceptability of methodological aspects (2024) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“This scale is a well-validated and widely used self-report measure with excellent psychometric properties (internal consistency α = 0.93).”
From Embodied Cognition in Meditation, Yoga, and Ethics—An Experimental Single-Case Study on the Differential Effects of Four Mind–Body Treatments (2022) · cites this paper as [54]
In the citing paper
“DERS has good psychometric properties in the general population. Internal consistency is 0.93, test-retest reliability is adequate, and convergent and incremental validity are shown.”
From Efficacy of an internet-based psychological intervention for problem gambling and gambling disorder: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The authors found high internal consistency, good test-retest reliability and adequate construct and predictive validity.”
From Brief psychological intervention for distress tolerance in an adult secondary care community mental health service: an evaluation (2020) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“An impaired awareness, understanding and acceptance of emotions or few appropriate emotion regulation strategies [19] are related to interpersonal problems [20, 21].”
In the citing paper
“the multidimensional model of emotion dysregulation proposed by Gratz and Roemer (2004) has been widely adopted in the clinical literature in relation to its association with numerous psychological disorders.”
From An Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control (ERIC) Intervention for Vulnerable Young People: A Multi-Sectoral Pilot Study (2021) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The eight domains are informed by Gratz and Roemer's (2004) model and target important processes or strategies to help young people regulate their emotions and control impulsive behaviors linked to negative emotion (i.e., urgency (Cyders and Smith, 2008; Weiss et al., 2013a).”
From An Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control (ERIC) Intervention for Vulnerable Young People: A Multi-Sectoral Pilot Study (2021) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“Based on Gratz and Roemer’s (2004) model of emotion regulation, the Difficulties in Emotions Regulation Scale (DERS) was developed accordingly for the measurement of the difficulties in emotion regulation.”
From Adolescents' mindfulness and psychological distress: The mediating role of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“DERS was more comprehensive to cover a wider range of emotion regulation strategies including the clarity of emotions, acceptance of emotional experience, impulsion control, goal-directed behavior and flexibility in strategies”
From Adolescents' mindfulness and psychological distress: The mediating role of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“This construct is not entirely equivalent to emotional dysregulation (operationalised by Maddox et al. with the Emotion Regulation Scale [75]), but encapsulates the latter in combination with difficulty identifying and understanding one’s emotions [76, 77].”
From A 'choice', an 'addiction', a way 'out of the lost': Exploring self-injury in autistic people without intellectual disability (2019) · cites this paper as [75]
In the citing paper
“The DERS has been shown to have high internal consistency (α = 0.93), good test-retest reliability (r = 0.88), and construct validity (Gratz and Roemer, 2004).”
From Online mindfulness-enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression: Outcomes of a pilot trial (2018) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“Preliminary data indicate high internal consistency, good test-retest reliability and adequate construct and predictive validity.”
From Dbt-enhanced cognitive-behavioral treatment for trichotillomania: A randomized controlled trial (2012) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The questionnaire also has adequate construct and predictive validity and good test-retest reliability.”
In the citing paper
“The internal consistency for the total scale as well as for the subscales appeared to be adequate (varying between a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.80 and 0.93).”
In the citing paper
“The DERS has adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.93), test–retest reliability (r = 0.88), and construct and predictive validity among a college sample (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
From Feasibility, Acceptability and Preliminary Efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Autistic Adults without Intellectual Disability: A Mixed Methods Study (2022) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“McVey et al. (2021) provided preliminary evidence for the utility of the DERS in autistic adolescents and adults. Their results supported a 6-factor structure, similar to that found in the general population (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
From Feasibility, Acceptability and Preliminary Efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Autistic Adults without Intellectual Disability: A Mixed Methods Study (2022) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“Research supports its reliability and validity. 30,31”
From Dialectical behaviour therapy skills training: A feasibility study with active duty military. (2022) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“Diagnoses were derived by the CIDI and validated by expert clinicians [33][34][35][36][37][38] .”
From Treating Treatment-Resistant Patients with Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia Using Psychotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Switching Trial. (2015) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“Some of these habitual affective/cognitive styles can be measured with self-report instruments (e.g., Gratz & Roemer, 2004; Hayes et al., 2004; Hofmann & Kashdan, 2010; Meyer, Miller, Metzger, & Borkovec, 1990; Treynor, Gonzalez, & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2003).”
From Toward a Cognitive-Behavioral Classification System for Mental Disorders (2014) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“Anxiety and depression were assessed using Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anxiety Short Form 8a (Cronbach's α = 0.92) 74,75 and PROMIS Depression Short Form 8a (α = 0.97).”
From Mindfulness training enhances self-regulation and facilitates health behavior change for primary care patients: A randomized controlled trial (2019) · cites this paper as [81]
In the citing paper
“The second questionnaire was the Filipino version of the Emotion Regulation Scale (Gill and Lopez, 2018) adapted from DERS (Gratz and Roemer, 2004).”
From Safe schools for teens: Preventing sexual abuse of urban poor teens, proof-of-concept study-improving teachers'and students'knowledge, skills and attitudes (2020) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The Filipino version of the Emotion Regulation Scale (Gill and Lopez, 2018) was adapted and translated for children from the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale or DERS (Gratz and Roemer, 2004). After translation of the original DERS, only 22 items were retained after exploring the validity and reliability of the translated version (Gill and Lopez, 2018).”
From Safe schools for teens: Preventing sexual abuse of urban poor teens, proof-of-concept study-improving teachers'and students'knowledge, skills and attitudes (2020) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The DERS has high internal consistency (α =.93) and good test-retest reliability (r=.74 −.78 for women).(54)”
In the citing paper
“Graz reported the validity of the questionnaire as 0.93 and its reliability was 0.80, using Cronbach’s alpha (9).”
From Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on interpersonal problems and difficulties in emotion regulation among university students (2017) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“emotion regulation has been indicated as a moderator of anxiety and depressive symptoms [46]”
From Uptake and adherence to an online intervention for cancer-related distress: older age is not a barrier to adherence but may be a barrier to uptake (2017) · cites this paper as [46]
In the citing paper
“The test–retest reliability for the total score is good (r = 0.88; subscales 0.56 < r < 0.90).”
From The Effectiveness of Art Therapy for Anxiety in Adult Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2019) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The construct validity and internal consistency (Cronbach’s α > 0.80) is sufficient for all scales (Gratz and Roemer, 2004; Neumann et al., 2010).”
From The Effectiveness of Art Therapy for Anxiety in Adult Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2019) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 1,355
Frank, J. L., Bose, B., & Schrobenhauser-Clonan, A. P. (2014) · Journal of Applied School Psychology · doi:10.1080/15377903.2013.863259 · Cited by 108
“Emotion regulation skills enable adolescents to control impulsive behaviors and negative reactions in order to meet situational demands and achieve personal goals (Gratz & Roemer, 2003).”
BackgroundDifficulties regulating positive emotions and alcohol and drug misuse: A path analysis
Weiss, N. H., Forkus, S. R., Contractor, A. A., & Schick, M. R. (2018) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.03.027 · Cited by 89
Everyday emotional dynamics in major depression.
Nelson, J., Klumparendt, A., Doebler, P., & Ehring, T. W. (2018) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000541 · Cited by 88
Emotion dysregulation as a maintenance factor of borderline personality disorder features
Stepp, S. D., Scott, L. N., Morse, J. Q., Nolf, K. A., Hallquist, M. N., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2013) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.11.006 · Cited by 92
“Emotion dysregulation Participants completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; [29]) at baseline and at all follow-up appointments (3, 6, 9, and 12 months).”
MethodVujanovic, A. A., Bonn-Miller, M. O., Bernstein, A., McKee, L. G., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2010) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506070903441630 · Cited by 90
Velotti, P., Rogier, G., Beomonte Zobel, S., & Billieux, J. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102037 · Cited by 100
Havighurst, S. S., & Kehoe, C. E. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55376-4_12 · Cited by 104
Emotion Regulation in Chronic Disease Populations: An Integrative Review
Wierenga, K. L., Lehto, R. H., & Given, B. A. (2017) · Research and theory for nursing practice · doi:10.1891/1541-6577.31.3.247 · Cited by 108
“The DERS subscales include Nonacceptance of Emotional Responses, Difficulties Engaging in Goal-Directed Behavior, Difficulties With Impulse Control, Lack of Emotional Awareness, Limitations in Accessing Emotion Regulation Strategies, and Lack of Emotional Clarity (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundInfluentialWhat Predicts Ongoing Nonsuicidal Self-Injury?
Kiekens, G., Hasking, P. A., Bruffaerts, R., Claes, L., Baetens, I., Boyes, M. E., Mortier, P., Demyttenaere, K., & Whitlock, J. L. (2017) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000726 · Cited by 105
“Researchers examining this relationship have primarily relied on the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz and Roemer, 2004), with converging evidence indicating that the ‘ limited access to emotion regulation strategies ’ subscale of the DERS most strongly and uniquely differentiates individuals who s…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPachankis, J. E., McConocha, E. M., Reynolds, J. S., Winston, R., Adeyinka, O., Harkness, A., Burton, C. L., Behari, K., Sullivan, T. J., Eldahan, A. I., et al. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7346-4 · Cited by 100
“difficulties of emotion regulation [81], rumination [82], impulsiveness [83], and assertiveness [84].”
BackgroundMental Health Conditions of Italian Healthcare Professionals during the COVID‐19 Disease Outbreak
Bettinsoli, M. L., Riso, D. D., Napier, J. L., Moretti, L., Bettinsoli, P., Delmedico, M., Piazzolla, A., & Moretti, B. (2020) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12239 · Cited by 104
“This is a trait-level measure of ability (or lack thereof) to regulate emotions while experiencing negative emotions (Gratz & Roemer, 2004; Victor & Klonsky, 2016).”
BackgroundGoagoses, N., Bolz, T., Eilts, J., Schipper, N., Wilke, J., Rademacher, A., Vesterling, C., & Koglin, U. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03037-7 · Cited by 155
Neve, D. D., Bronstein, M. V., Leroy, A., Truyts, A., & Everaert, J. (2022) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-022-01678-2 · Cited by 152
Lifetime Sexual Victimization and Poor Risk Perception
Walsh, K., DiLillo, D., & Messman‐Moore, T. L. (2012) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260512441081 · Cited by 90
Lawrence, S. A., Troth, A. C., Jordan, P. J., & Collins, A. L. (2011) · Research in occupational stress and well being · doi:10.1108/s1479-3555(2011)0000009010 · Cited by 100
Walsh, K., DiLillo, D., & Scalora, M. J. (2011) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801211414165 · Cited by 110
Like mother, like child? Maternal determinants of children's early social‐emotional development
Behrendt, H. F., Scharke, W., Herpertz‐Dahlmann, B., Konrad, K., & Firk, C. (2019) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21765 · Cited by 96
Huberty, J., Sullivan, M., Green, J., Kurka, J. M., Leiferman, J. A., Gold, K. J., & Cacciatore, J. (2020) · BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12906-020-02926-3 · Cited by 89
“Higher scores indicate greater use of emotional regulation strategies [38, 39].”
BackgroundBurton, A. L., Brown, R., & Abbott, M. J. (2022) · Cogent Psychology · doi:10.1080/23311908.2022.2060629 · Cited by 100
“Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundMethodSarıtaş-Atalar, D., Grusec, J. E., & Gençöz, T. (2013) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.08.015 · Cited by 113
Rudge, S., Feigenbaum, J., & Fonagy, P. (2017) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2017.1322185 · Cited by 107
“Females with substance dependence and BPD received a 20-week course of outpatient DBT and emotion regulation was assessed using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
MethodRogers, M. L., & Joiner, T. E. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.12.017 · Cited by 86
Freudenthaler, L., Turba, J. D., & Tran, U. S. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0709-y · Cited by 88
“Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) The DERS (Gratz and Roemer 2004) contains 36 items and six subscales that are summed to form a total score: Nonacceptance of Emotional Responses, Difficulties Engaging in Goal-directed Behavior, Impulse Control Difficulties, Lack of Emotional Awareness, Limited access to…”
MethodInfluentialEmotion regulation difficulties in alexithymia and mental health
Pandey, R., Saxena, P., & Dubey, A. (2011) · Europe’s Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5964/ejop.v7i4.155 · Cited by 89
“…(Taylor, 1994; Taylor, 1984) and thus, the observed emotional regulation difficulties in alexithymic individuals appears to be theoretically congruent with a conceptualization of emotion regulation difficulties in terms of lack of emotional awareness and differentiation (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundBOR, A., & PETERSEN, M. B. (2022) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055421000885 · Cited by 128
Pathological personality traits and emotion regulation difficulties
Pollock, N. C., McCabe, G. A., Southard, A. C., & Zeigler‐Hill, V. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.02.049 · Cited by 90
Cooper, D. D. J., Yap, K., & Batalha, L. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.018 · Cited by 95
Epilepsy and quality of life: what does really matter?
Tombini, M., Assenza, G., Quintiliani, L., Ricci, L., Lanzone, J., & Lazzaro, V. D. (2021) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-020-04990-6 · Cited by 88
“Moreover, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients as appropriate were used to correlate Q31 overall score and subscales with different factors (age, education, duration of epilepsy, age of epilepsy onset, seizure frequency, number of ASMs, SSE, BDI-II, and DERS scores).”
BackgroundInfluentialTaube‐Schiff, M., Exan, J. V., Tanaka, R., Wnuk, S., Hawa, R., & Sockalingam, S. (2015) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.03.011 · Cited by 89
“Difficulties in emotion regulation TheDifficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale [DERS; (Gratz & Roemer, 2004); α= .94], is a 36-item self-report measure that assess difficulties in emotion regulation acrossmultiple domains, with higher scores indicating greater difficulties in emotion regulation.”
BackgroundSpecific emotion regulation impairments in major depression and anorexia nervosa
Brockmeyer, T., Bents, H., Holtforth, M. G., Pfeiffer, N., Herzog, W., & Friederich, H. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.07.009 · Cited by 88
“Reliability and validity of the original English as well as the German version of the DERS have been demonstrated in previous studies (Gratz and Roemer, 2004; Ehring et al., 2010; Gratz and Tull, 2010).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale: Factor Structure in Chronic Pain Patients
Kökönyei, G., Urbán, R., Reinhardt, M., Józan, A., & Demetrovics, Z. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22036 · Cited by 97
“The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor structure and validity of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz and Roemer, 2004) in medical sample with persistent pain.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialOut of our mind. Art therapy and mindfulness with refugees, political violence and trauma
Kalmanowitz, D. L., & Ho, R. (2016) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2016.05.012 · Cited by 88
Bruner, M. R., Kuryluk, A. D., & Whitton, S. W. (2015) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2014.975717 · Cited by 87
“Emotion regulation is a multidimensional construct that encompasses affect recognition, emotional control, and the ability to refrain from impulsive behavior when experiencing intense emotions.(22) Individuals with ADHD demonstrate poorer affect recognition, greater emotional intensity, and more emotional impulsivity…”
BackgroundMethodAdolescents' mindfulness and psychological distress: The mediating role of emotion regulation
Ma, Y., & Fang, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01358 · Cited by 88
“Gross (1998) defined emotion regulation as “the processes by which individuals influence which emotions they have, when they have them, as well as how they experience and express these emotions.””
BackgroundInfluentialLearning to BREATHE: A Pilot Study of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention to Support Marginalized Youth
Eva, A. L., & Thayer, N. M. (2017) · Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1177/2156587217696928 · Cited by 88
Yoga and Emotion Regulation in High School Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Daly, L. A., Haden, S. C., Hagins, M., Papouchis, N., & RAMIREZ, P. M. (2015) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2015/794928 · Cited by 109
“[17] found significant changes in subscales of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) [19] which measured difficulties engaging in goal directed behavior and a lack of emotional awareness and an improvement, although not a significant change, in the overall score.”
BackgroundShoji, M., Mehling, W. E., Hautzinger, M., & Herbert, B. M. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01855 · Cited by 87
“The original DERS is a 36 items self-report questionnaire (Gratz and Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundJiang, Q., Zhao, F., Xie, X., Wang, X., Nie, J., Lei, L., & Wang, P. (2020) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260520917517 · Cited by 100
“…DER is defined as the defect in the following abilities: (a) perception, understanding, and acceptance of emotional responses; (b) engaging in goal-directed behavior and avoidance of impulsive behavior when upset; and (c) engaging in effective emotional regulation strategies (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundBuckholdt, K. E., Parra, G. R., Anestis, M. D., Lavender, J. M., Jobe‐Shields, L., Tull, M. T., & Gratz, K. L. (2014) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-014-9655-3 · Cited by 102
“Emotion Regulation Difficulties Participants were asked to complete the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz and Roemer 2004), a 36-item selfreport measure that assesses individuals’ typical levels of 142 Cogn Ther Res (2015) 39:140–152”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationGloster, A. T., Sonntag, R., Hoyer, J., Meyer, A. H., Heinze, S., Ströhle, A., Eifert, G., & Wittchen, H.-U. (2015) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000370162 · Cited by 88
Brand, B. L., Schielke, H. J., Putnam, K. T., Putnam, F. W., Loewenstein, R. J., Myrick, A., Jepsen, E. K. K., Langeland, W., Steele, K., Classen, C. C., et al. (2019) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22370 · Cited by 87
Macdonald, G. M., Livingstone, N., Hanratty, J., McCartan, C. J., Cotmore, R., Cary, M., Glaser, D., Byford, S., Welton, N. J., Bosqui, T. J., et al. (2016) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta20690 · Cited by 90
Neuromodulatory treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Koek, R. J., Roach, J., Athanasiou, N., Wout‐Frank, M. V. ‘., & Philip, N. S. (2019) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.01.004 · Cited by 89
“Emotion regulation refers to a set of processes marshaled to experience, evaluate, and change emotional reactions in order to acquire a specific goal (Gratz and Roemer, 2004; Thompson, 1994).”
Coping with mental health conditions at work and its impact on self-perceived job performance
Hennekam, S., Richard, S., & Grima, F. (2020) · Employee Relations · doi:10.1108/er-05-2019-0211 · Cited by 108
Peterson, C. B., Engel, S. G., Crosby, R. D., Strauman, T. J., Smith, T. L., Klein, M. H., Crow, S. J., Mitchell, J. E., Erickson, A. L., Cao, L., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23324 · Cited by 87
Beeney, J. E., Stepp, S. D., Hallquist, M. N., Scott, L. N., Wright, A. G. C., Ellison, W. D., Nolf, K. A., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2015) · Personality Disorders Theory Research and Treatment · doi:10.1037/per0000110 · Cited by 86
“…trying to focus my attention on something, I have difficulty blocking out distracting thoughts Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004) Items assessing awareness of emotion I know exactly how I am feeling NEO PI-R (Costa & McCrae, 1992) Lack of mindfulness to…”
InfluentialEmotion Regulation and Intellectual Disability
McClure, K. S., Halpern, J., Wolper, P. A., & Donahue, J. J. (2009) · Maryland Shared Open Access Repository (USMAI Consortium) · doi:10.13016/m28p01 · Cited by 86
Commentary on Muris and Otgaar (2020): Let the Empirical Evidence Speak on the Self-Compassion Scale
Neff, K. D. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01411-9 · Cited by 101
“Most commonly used multi-dimensional scales such as the Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (Baer et al., 2006) or the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004) contain subscales which display a differential pattern of association with outcomes.”
MethodGrégoire, S., Gagnon, J., Lachance, L., Shankland, R., Dionne, F., Kotsou, I., Monestès, J.-L., Rolffs, J. L., & Rogge, R. D. (2020) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.06.004 · Cited by 85
Anderson, N. L., & Crowther, J. H. (2012) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2012.667329 · Cited by 106
In the ear of the beholder: How age shapes emotion processing in nonverbal vocalizations.
Lima, C. F., Alves, T. J. S., Scott, S. K., & Castro, S. L. (2013) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0034287 · Cited by 90
“…and suppression (ERQ; Gross & John, 2003; Portuguese version, Machado Vaz, 2008), and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004; Portuguese version, Coutinho, Ribeiro, Ferreirinha, & Dias, 2010), which covers six dimensions wherein difficulties may occur,…”
BackgroundMood specific media use and emotion regulation: Patterns and individual differences
Greenwood, D., & Long, C. R. (2009) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.01.002 · Cited by 85
Fırat, S., Gül, H., Sertçelik, M., Gül, A., Gürel, Y., & Kılıç, B. G. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.015 · Cited by 96
Sünbül, Z. A., & Güneri, O. Y. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.12.009 · Cited by 106
Brausch, A. M., Clapham, R. B., & Littlefield, A. K. (2021) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-021-01525-w · Cited by 97
Quaglieri, A., Biondi, S., Roma, P., Varchetta, M., Fraschetti, A., Burrai, J., Lausi, G., Vilar, M. M., González‐Sala, F., Domenico, A. D., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11010188 · Cited by 104
“Furthermore, as shown in Table 3, the indirect effect of the DERS score on the IAT score via the BSMAS and FoMOs scores was positive and significant (B = 0.161), and the bootstrapped 95% CI did not include 0 [0.0990, 0.2250].”
MethodInfluentialThe Mental Health Impacts of COVID-19 on PK–12 Students: A Systematic Review of Emerging Literature
Naff, D., Williams, S. E., Furman, J., & Yeung, M. (2022) · AERA Open · doi:10.1177/23328584221084722 · Cited by 100
Emotion Dysregulation and Anxiety in Adults with ASD: Does Social Motivation Play a Role?
Swain, D. M., Scarpa, A., White, S. W., & Laugeson, E. A. (2015) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2567-6 · Cited by 100
Venta, A. C., Hart, J., & Sharp, C. (2012) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104512455815 · Cited by 102
“These components are collectively measured by the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Strategies (Gratz & Roemer, 2004) questionnaire.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialTrauma and Stressor-Related Disorders
Walsh, K., Wells, J. B., Lurie, B., & Koenen, K. C. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-13060-6_6 · Cited by 85
Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior in Children and Adolescents: An Ecological Model of Resilience
Gallagher, M. L., & Miller, A. B. (2018) · Adolescent Research Review · doi:10.1007/s40894-017-0066-z · Cited by 84
Measuring the role of psychological inflexibility in trichotillomania
Houghton, D. C., Compton, S. N., Twohig, M. P., Saunders, S. M., Franklin, M. E., Neal-Barnett, A. M., Ely, L., Capriotti, M. R., & Woods, D. W. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.08.003 · Cited by 84
“Furthermore, these studies might also consider conducting additional criterion-related validation of the AAQ-TTM by performing comparisons to measures of distress tolerance, such as the Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz and Roemer, 2004), the Generalized Expectancy for Negative Mood Regulation Scale (Catan…”
MethodZakiei, A., Khazaie, H., Rostampour, M., Lemola, S., Esmaeili, M., Dürsteler, K., Brühl, A., Sadeghi-Bahmani, D., & Brand, S. (2021) · Life · doi:10.3390/life11020133 · Cited by 84
“A higher change in experiential avoidance over time, that is, a lower attitude to avoid unpleasant experiences, was associated with lower dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep (DBAS, r = −0.45, p < 0.05), fewer difficulties in emotion regulation (DERS; r = −0.14, ns), a higher degree to accept sleep problems…”
MethodInfluentialBliton, C. F., Wolford‐Clevenger, C., Zapor, H., Elmquist, J., Brem, M. J., Shorey, R. C., & Stuart, G. L. (2015) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-015-9772-0 · Cited by 84
“strategies; and lack of emotional clarity (Gratz and Roemer 2004).”
InfluentialA Brazilian Investigation of the 36- and 16-Item Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scales
Miguel, F. K., Giromini, L., Colombarolli, M. S., Zuanazzi, A. C., & Zennaro, A. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22404 · Cited by 84
Dialectical Behavior Therapy Group Skills Training for Bipolar Disorder
Eisner, L. R., Eddie, D., Harley, R. M., Jacobo, M., Nierenberg, A. A., & Deckersbach, T. (2017) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2016.12.006 · Cited by 84
Lin, S. C., Kehoe, C. E., Pozzi, E., Liontos, D., & Whittle, S. (2023) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13894 · Cited by 123
McEwen, C., & Flouri, E. (2008) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-008-0719-3 · Cited by 84
Walsh, K., Galea, S., & Koenen, K. C. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12004 · Cited by 96
“Emotional dysregulation, conceptualized as a multi-faceted construct reflecting difficulties identifying, modulating, and expressing emotional states (Gratz & Roemer, 2004; Gross, 1998), also has been hypothesized to play a role in predicting negative outcomes among sexual violence victims.”
BackgroundGratz, K. L., Dixon-Gordon, K. L., Breetz, A., & Tull, M. (2013) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2013.27.2.157 · Cited by 84
Self-citationMeasures of emotion reactivity and emotion regulation: Convergent and discriminant validity
Zelkowitz, R. L., & Cole, D. A. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.045 · Cited by 101
“Gross and Barrett (2011) put these theories into four clusters and detailed the degree to which they distinguish between EReact and EReg.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHavighurst, S. S., Kehoe, C. E., & Harley, A. E. (2015) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.04.005 · Cited by 98
“Impulse control difficulties (parent report only) The Impulse Control subscale from the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004) was used to assess parents' own difficulties with impulse control.”
BackgroundMethodHu, X., Han, Z. R., Bai, L., & Gao, M. M. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04103-z · Cited by 84
Guzmán‐González, M., Trabucco, C., Alfonso Urzúa, M., Garrido-Rojas, L., & Leiva, J. (2014) · Terapia psicológica · doi:10.4067/s0718-48082014000100002 · Cited by 83
A Proof of Concept for Using Brief Dialectical Behavior Therapy as a Treatment for Problem Gambling
Christensen, D. R., Dowling, N. A., Jackson, A. C., Brown, M., Russo, J., Francis, K. L., & Umemoto, A. (2013) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1017/bec.2013.10 · Cited by 83
“The normative data representing the process skills were obtained from the following psychological measures: mindfulness (Feldman et al., 2007); distress tolerance (Huang et al., 2009); emotional dysregulation (Gratz & Roemer, 2004); and negative relationships (Morey, 1991).”
BackgroundMethodAkbari, M. (2017) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2017.10.004 · Cited by 85
Grant, M., Salsman, N. L., & Berking, M. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205095 · Cited by 109
Gaming Disorder: A systematic review exploring the user-avatar relationship in videogames
Szolin, K., Kuss, D. J., Nuyens, F., & Griffiths, M. D. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.107124 · Cited by 88
Córdova, A., Caballero-García, A., Drobnic, F., Roche, E., & Noriega, D. C. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11121787 · Cited by 131
“Emotions related to positive feelings (awareness, understanding, acceptance) favor the learning process; meanwhile, those related to negative feelings (distress, anxiety, threat) impair the learning process [8].”
BackgroundInfluentialPoole, J. C., Kim, H. S. A., Dobson, K. S., & Hodgins, D. C. (2017) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-017-9680-8 · Cited by 83
“…study proposes that emotion dyregulation, defined as difficulties to identify, monitor, evaluate, and/or modulate emotional experiences given the demands of a specific context or set of goals (Gratz and Roemer 2004), may act as a mechanism by which ACEs are associated with disordered gambling.”
InfluentialHoemann, K., Nielson, C., Yuen, A., Gurera, J. W., Quigley, K. S., & Barrett, L. F. (2021) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000327 · Cited by 83
A preliminary investigation of the process of mindfulness
Erisman, S. M., & Roemer, L. (2012) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-011-0078-x · Cited by 80
Self-citationPain and self-harm: a systematic review
Kirtley, O. J., O’Carroll, R. E., & O’Connor, R. C. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.068 · Cited by 78
“ISAS (Klonsky and Glenn, 2009) DASS-21 (Henry and Crawford, 2005) BSL-23 (Bohus et al., 2009) MSI-BPD (Zanarini et al., 2003) DERS (Gratz and Roemer, 2004) SAM (Lang, 1980) The NSSI group selected higher levels of shock than controls, but did not report pain as being more intense. experiences as opposed to broader ind…”
Wojnarowska, A., Kobylinska, D., & Lewczuk, K. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00242 · Cited by 82
“What is crucial is that acceptance is not explicitly present within the most influential model of emotion regulation, i.e., Gross’s process model (Gross, 1998), although it is present in others (Gratz and Roemer, 2004; Berking et al., 2008).”
BackgroundFord, J. D., Chang, R., Levine, J., & Zhang, W. (2013) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.10.003 · Cited by 83
“Although the NMR has been used as the sole measure of affect dysregulation in other PTSD treatment outcome studies with victimized women (Cloitre et al., 2010; Ford et al., 2011), use of other measures such as the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004) or peer, family, clinician, or staff rati…”
MethodBjureberg, J., Sahlin, H., Hellner, C., Hedman-Lagerlöf, E., Gratz, K. L., Bjärehed, J., Jokinen, J., Tull, M. T., & Ljótsson, B. (2017) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1527-4 · Cited by 84
“The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; [37]) is a 36- item self-report measure that assesses individuals’ typical levels of emotion regulation difficulties on a 5-point Likert-type scale across six domains: nonacceptance of negative emotions, inability to engage in goal-directed behaviors when distressed,…”
BackgroundSelf-citationCisler, J. M., Sigel, B. A., Steele, J., Smitherman, S., Vanderzee, K. L., Pemberton, J. R., Kramer, T. L., & Kilts, C. D. (2016) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291716001847 · Cited by 84
“…vocabulary test (Brownell, 2000), PTSD symptom severity (UCLA PTSD Reaction Index; Steinberg et al. 2004), depression (Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire; SMFQ; Angold et al. 1995) and emotion regulation ability using the Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004)].”
MethodGonçalves, S. F., Chaplin, T. M., Turpyn, C. C., Niehaus, C. E., Curby, T. W., Sinha, R., & Ansell, E. B. (2019) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-019-00867-8 · Cited by 100
GRIFFITHS, H. M., Duffy, F., Duffy, L., Brown, S., Hockaday, H., Eliasson, E. T., Graham, J. R., Smith, J. M., Thomson, A., & Schwannauer, M. (2019) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2158-8 · Cited by 93
Shaw, Z. A., & Starr, L. R. (2019) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01534-1 · Cited by 111
Self‐compassion and emotional regulation as predictors of social anxiety
Bates, G. W., Elphinstone, B., & Whitehead, R. E. (2020) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12318 · Cited by 106
Sörman, K., Garke, M. Å., Isacsson, N. H., Jangard, S., Bjureberg, J., Hellner, C., Sinha, R., & Jayaram‐Lindström, N. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23206 · Cited by 102
Cavicchioli, M., Tobia, V., & Ogliari, A. L. (2022) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-022-00980-8 · Cited by 89
“…“Vita-Salute San Raffaele”, Milan, Italy 2 Child in Mind Lab, University “Vita-Salute San Raffaele”, Milan, Italy 1 3 ability-based models of emotional regulation (e.g., Berking et al., 2008; Gratz & Roemer, 2004) include dispositional abilities that are involved in different ERSs and situations.”
BackgroundEmotion regulation and intimate partner violence perpetration: A meta-analysis
Maloney, M., Eckhardt, C. I., & Oesterle, D. W. (2022) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102238 · Cited by 97
Meneo, D., Samea, F., Tahmasian, M., & Baglioni, C. (2023) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13983 · Cited by 93
“…of emotional states; the ability to control impulses, and to engage in goal-oriented behaviours in the presence of negative affect; flexible use of strategies to regulate the intensity or duration of emotional responses; access to strategies perceived to be effective (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Relationship Between Emotion Regulation, Executive Functioning, and Aggressive Behaviors
Holley, S. R., Ewing, S. T., Stiver, J., & Bloch, L. (2015) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260515592619 · Cited by 83
“They additionally must be able to control impulsive behaviors and flexibly select regulatory strategies in accordance with desired goals and situational demands (e.g., Campos, Walle, Dahl, & Main, 2011; Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCHRISTOFFERSEN, M. N., Møhl, B., DePanfilis, D., & Vammen, K. S. (2014) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.10.023 · Cited by 82
Domínguez‐Clavé, E., Soler, J., Pascual, J. C., Elices, M., Franquesa, A., Valle, M., Álvarez, E., & Riba, J. (2018) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-018-5085-3 · Cited by 86
Acceptance-based behavioral therapy for GAD: effects on outcomes from three theoretical models.
Treanor, M., Erisman, S. M., Salters-Pedneault, K., Roemer, L., & Orsillo, S. M. (2011) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20766 · Cited by 79
“The DERS has demonstrated good internal consistency and test–retest reliability in an undergraduate sample, and has been significantly associated with GAD symptomology.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationProblem gambling subtypes based on psychological distress, alcohol abuse and impulsivity
Suomi, A., Dowling, N. A., & Jackson, A. C. (2014) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.07.023 · Cited by 81
Metadata
- Authors
- Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Massachusetts Boston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gratz, Kim L.
- Venue
- Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment
- Published
- 2004-03
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 41-54
- ISSN
- 0164-0305 (ISSN-L)
- 0882-2689
- 1573-3505
- OpenAlex
- W2017039362
- Cited by
- 8,942
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 849 · 2025: 928 · 2024: 828 · 2023: 808 · 2022: 723 · 2021: 730 · 2020: 646 · 2019: 591 · 2018: 546 · 2017: 460 · 2016: 394 · 2015: 339 · 2014: 316 · 2013: 213 · 2012: 171
- FWCI
- 13.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, emotional dysregulation, factor structure, psychometric validation, emotional awareness, emotional acceptance, adults, questionnaire development
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