Cited by 931Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchPsychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

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Randomized trial of prolonged exposure for posttraumatic stress disorder with and without cognitive restructuring: outcome at academic and community clinics

Foa, Edna B., Hembree, Elizabeth A., Cahill, Shawn P., Rauch, Sheila A. M., Riggs, David S., Feeny, Norah C., Yadin, Elna·2005·Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-006x.73.5.953

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Abstract

Female assault survivors (N=171) with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were randomly assigned to prolonged exposure (PE) alone, PE plus cognitive restructuring (PE/CR), or wait-list (WL). Treatment, which consisted of 9-12 sessions, was conducted at an academic treatment center or at a community clinic for rape survivors. Evaluations were conducted before and after therapy and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. Both treatments reduced PTSD and depression in intent-to-treat and completer samples compared with the WL condition; social functioning improved in the completer sample. The addition of CR did not enhance treatment outcome. No site differences were found: Treatment in the hands of counselors with minimal cognitive- behavioral therapy (CBT) experience was as efficacious as that of CBT experts. Treatment gains were maintained at follow-up, although a minority of patients received additional treatment.

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“Other studies of PE targeting PTSD have found it to reduce depression (Foa, Dancu, et al., 1999; Foa, Rothbaum, Riggs, & Murdock, 1991; Resick, Nishith, Weaver, Astin, & Feurer, 2002), anxiety (Foa, Dancu, et al., 1999; Foa et al., 1991 ), anger (Cahill, Rauch, Hembree, & Foa, 2003), and guilt (Resick et al., 2002).”
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Authors: Foa, E. B., Hembree, E. A., Cahill, S. P., Rauch, S. A. M., Riggs, D. S., Feeny, N. C., & Yadin, E.
Affiliations: University of Pennsylvania (US)
Case Western Reserve University (US)
ORCID: Foa, Edna B.
Hembree, Elizabeth A.
Rauch, Sheila A. M.
Feeny, Norah C.
Venue: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2005
Volume: 73
Issue: 5
Pages: 953-964
ISSN: 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
1939-2117
DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.73.5.953
OpenAlex: W2113294191
Cited by: 931
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 67 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 50 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 68 · 2013: 69 · 2012: 71
FWCI: 33.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (MH 42178, R01MH042178)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: prolonged exposure, post-traumatic stress disorder, cognitive restructuring, rape victims, sexual assault, depression, social functioning, treatment outcomes, community clinics, treatment efficacy, maintenance of treatment gains
MeSH terms: Academic Medical Centers, Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Community Mental Health Centers, Counseling, Female, Humans, Regression Analysis, Sex Offenses, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Time Factors, Waiting Lists, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Survivors, Crime Victims

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Randomized trial of prolonged exposure for posttraumatic stress disorder with and without cognitive restructuring: outcome at academic and community clinics

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