The impact of sleep deprivation on decision making: A review.
Abstract
Few sleep deprivation (SD) studies involve realism or high-level decision making, factors relevant to managers, military commanders, and so forth, who are undergoing prolonged work during crises. Instead, research has favored simple tasks sensitive to SD mostly because of their dull monotony. In contrast, complex rule-based, convergent, and logical tasks are unaffected by short-term SD, seemingly because of heightened participant interest and compensatory effort. However, recent findings show that despite this effort, SD still impairs decision making involving the unexpected, innovation, revising plans, competing distraction, and effective communication. Decision-making models developed outside SD provide useful perspectives on these latter effects, as does a neuropsychological explanation of sleep function. SD presents particular difficulties for sleep-deprived decision makers who require these latter skills during emergency situations.
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Well-controlled sleep studies conducted with healthy adults have shown that better sleep is associated with superior cognitive functions, including better learning and memory.
“Well-controlled sleep studies conducted with healthy adults have shown that better sleep is associated with a myriad of superior cognitive functions,1–6 including better learning and memory.7,8”
From Sleep quality, duration, and consistency are associated with better academic performance in college students (2019) · cites this paper as [3]
Well-controlled sleep deprivation studies have shown that lack of sleep increases fatigue and sleepiness and worsens cognitive performance.
“Well-controlled sleep deprivation studies have shown that lack of sleep not only increases fatigue and sleepiness but also worsens cognitive performance.2,3,16,17”
From Sleep quality, duration, and consistency are associated with better academic performance in college students (2019) · cites this paper as [3]
Lack of sleep has been linked to poor attention and cognition.
“Beyond the effects of sleep on memory consolidation, lack of sleep has been linked to poor attention and cognition.”
From Sleep quality, duration, and consistency are associated with better academic performance in college students (2019) · cites this paper as [3]
If individuals are given sufficient time to complete a motivating task, the slowing of cognitive functioning due to sleep loss can be compensated to a large degree.
“If individuals are given sufficient time to complete a motivating task, the slowing of cognitive functioning due to sleep loss can be compensated to a large degree30.”
From Effects of total sleep deprivation on performance in a manual spacecraft docking task (2024) · cites this paper as [30]
High-level complex skills are generally assumed to be less affected by sleep deprivation compared to monotonous, less demanding tasks, because they enhance motivation and effort.
“High-level complex skills are generally assumed to be less affected by sleep deprivation compared to monotonous, less demanding tasks, because they enhance motivation and effort30.”
From Effects of total sleep deprivation on performance in a manual spacecraft docking task (2024) · cites this paper as [30]
The higher demand of complex tasks might motivate individuals to apply additional effort to compensate for their sleepiness.
“The higher demand of complex tasks might as well motivate individuals to apply additional effort to compensate for their sleepiness30.”
From Effects of total sleep deprivation on performance in a manual spacecraft docking task (2024) · cites this paper as [30]
Sustained attention is seen as a prerequisite of more complex cognitive processes.
“The latter is seen as prerequisite of more complex cognitive processes27,30.”
From Effects of total sleep deprivation on performance in a manual spacecraft docking task (2024) · cites this paper as [30]
Poor sleep quality is related to cognitive and emotional deficits, including a bias towards high risk behaviors, diminished attentional and behavioral control, and poor emotion regulation.
“Poor sleep quality is related to a host of cognitive and emotional deficits, including a bias towards high risk behaviors, diminished attentional and behavioral control, and poor emotion regulation (Dahl, 1996; Harrison and Horne, 2000), making poor sleep a significant public health and developmental concern that may impact high risk behaviors during adolescence.”
From The effects of poor quality sleep on brain function and risk taking in adolescence (2013) · cites this paper as Harrison and Horne, 2000
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- Authors
- Harrison, Y., & Horne, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Loughborough University (GB)
- ORCID
- Horne, James A.
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied
- Published
- 2000
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 236-249
- ISSN
- 1076-898X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2192
- OpenAlex
- W2169694427
- Cited by
- 1,238
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 88 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 85 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 61 · 2013: 71 · 2012: 69
- FWCI
- 10.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
- Keywords
- sleep deprivation, decision-making, compensatory effort, innovation, replanning, communication, decision models, emergency decision-making
- MeSH terms
- Decision Making, Humans, Sleep Deprivation
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