Effort-based decision-making in major depressive disorder: a translational model of motivational anhedonia
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Anhedonia is a core feature of major depressive disorder (MDD), but the precise nature of anhedonic symptoms is unknown. Whereas anhedonia has traditionally been viewed as a deficit in the experience of pleasure, more recent evidence suggests that reduced anticipation and motivation may also be a core feature of this symptom. Here, we provide data from a study in MDD patients and healthy controls using a translational measure of reward motivation, the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT or "effort"). This task offers subjects a series of trials where they may choose to expend more or less effort for the opportunity to win varying amounts of monetary rewards. We found that MDD patients were less willing to expend effort for rewards than controls. Additionally, we observed that patients were less able to effectively use information about magnitude and probability of rewards to guide their choice behavior. Finally, within the MDD patient group, duration of the current episode was a significant negative predictor of EEfRT task performance. These findings offer novel support for theoretical models proposing that anhedonia in MDD may reflect specific impairments in motivation and reward-based decision-making.
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People with major depressive disorder show similar hedonic responses to sweet solutions as controls but are less willing to engage in tasks requiring higher effort.
“individuals with MDD have similar hedonic responses to sweet solutions compared to controls (Berlin et al., 1998), but are less likely to engage in tasks requiring higher amounts of effort (Treadway et al., 2012).”
From The effects of early life stress on reward processing (2018) · cites this paper as Treadway et al., 2012
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- Authors
- Treadway, M. T., Bossaller, N. A., Shelton, R. C., & Zald, D. H.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 2012-08
- Volume
- 121
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 553-558
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- PMC
- PMC3730492
- OpenAlex
- W2123089523
- Cited by
- 733
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 59 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 78 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 54 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 15
- FWCI
- 16.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R21 MH092751; F31MH087015)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, anhedonia, effort-based decision making, reward motivation, reward anticipation, effort expenditure, depressive episode duration, translational model
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Decision Making, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Reward, Anhedonia
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