The DOI matches its Crossref record; 110 of the 113 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Adaptive constructive processes and the future of memory
Open accessAbstract
Memory serves critical functions in everyday life but is also prone to error. This article examines adaptive constructive processes, which play a functional role in memory and cognition but can also produce distortions, errors, and illusions. The article describes several types of memory errors that are produced by adaptive constructive processes and focuses in particular on the process of imagining or simulating events that might occur in one's personal future. Simulating future events relies on many of the same cognitive and neural processes as remembering past events, which may help to explain why imagination and memory can be easily confused. The article considers both pitfalls and adaptive aspects of future event simulation in the context of research on planning, prediction, problem solving, mind-wandering, prospective and retrospective memory, coping and positivity bias, and the interconnected set of brain regions known as the default network.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Early laboratory and clinical studies provided initial evidence that they serve a range of functions, including decision making, emotion regulation, intention formation, and planning (67)”
From Episodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions (2017) · cites this paper as [67]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.185.4157.1124 · Cited by 28,810
Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1975) · Utility, Probability, and Human Decision Making · doi:10.1007/978-94-010-1834-0_8 · Cited by 22,650
Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain
Corbetta, M., & Shulman, G. L. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn755 · Cited by 12,881
A default mode of brain function
Raichle, M. E., MacLeod, A. M., Snyder, A. Z., Powers, W. J., Gusnard, D. A., & Shulman, G. L. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.98.2.676 · Cited by 12,190
The Brain's Default Network: Anatomy, Function, and Relevance to Disease
Buckner, R. L., Andrews‐Hanna, J. R., & Schacter, D. L. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1440.011 · Cited by 9,761
Self-citationImplementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans.
Gollwitzer, P. M. (1999) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.54.7.493 · Cited by 5,478
Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists.
Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (1995) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.21.4.803 · Cited by 3,792
Specific impairments of planning
Shallice, T. (1982) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1982.0082 · Cited by 3,741
Johnson, M. K., Hashtroudi, S., & Lindsay, D. S. (1993) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.114.1.3 · Cited by 3,392
Wandering minds: the default network and stimulus-independent thought
Mason, M. F., Norton, M. I., Van Horn, J. D., Wegner, D. M., Grafton, S. T., & Macrae, C. N. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1131295 · Cited by 2,792
Functional-anatomic fractionation of the brain’s default network
Andrews-Hanna, J. R., Reidler, J. S., Sepulcre, J., Poulin, R., & Buckner, R. L. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.02.005 · Cited by 2,767
Buckner, R. L., & Carroll, D. C. (2007) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.11.004 · Cited by 2,691
Remembering the past to imagine the future: the prospective brain
Schacter, D. L., Addis, D. R., & Buckner, R. L. (2007) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2213 · Cited by 2,394 · cited 4×
“This common core network (Schacter et al., 2007), also known as the default network (e.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationOn the prediction of occurrence of particular verbal intrusions in immediate recall.
Deese, J. (1959) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0046671 · Cited by 2,109
The evolution of foresight: What is mental time travel, and is it unique to humans?
Suddendorf, T., & Corballis, M. C. (2007) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x07001975 · Cited by 2,031
Addis, D. R., Wong, A. T., & Schacter, D. L. (2007) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.10.016 · Cited by 1,949
Self-citationCommon blood flow changes across visual tasks: II. Decreases in cerebral cortex
Shulman, G. L., Fiez, J. A., Corbetta, M., Buckner, R. L., Miezin, F. M., Raichle, M. E., & Petersen, S. E. (1997) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1997.9.5.648 · Cited by 1,890
Implicit and explicit memory for new associations in normal and amnesic subjects.
Graf, P., & Schacter, D. L. (1985) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.11.3.501 · Cited by 1,872
Self-citationEvidence for a Frontoparietal Control System Revealed by Intrinsic Functional Connectivity
Vincent, J. L., Kahn, I., Snyder, A. Z., Raichle, M. E., & Buckner, R. L. (2008) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.90355.2008 · Cited by 1,869
The cognitive neuroscience of constructive memory: remembering the past and imagining the future
Schacter, D. L., & Addis, D. R. (2007) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2087 · Cited by 1,836
Self-citationChristoff, K., Gordon, A. M., Smallwood, J., Smith, R., & Schooler, J. W. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0900234106 · Cited by 1,769
A Discounting Framework for Choice With Delayed and Probabilistic Rewards.
Green, L., & Myerson, J. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.5.769 · Cited by 1,676
Loftus, E. F. (2005) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.94705 · Cited by 1,297
Spreng, R. N., Stevens, W. D., Chamberlain, J. P., Gilmore, A. W., & Schacter, D. L. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.06.016 · Cited by 1,256
Self-citationProspection: experiencing the future
Gilbert, D. T., & Wilson, T. D. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1144161 · Cited by 1,238
Sharot, T. (2011) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.10.030 · Cited by 1,187 · cited 1×
“These findings are of interest with respect to the positivity bias that frequently characterizes future thinking (Sharot, 2011), because such biases have been linked to a number of adaptive processes, including emotional well-being, forming social bonds, productivity at work, and coping with stress effectively (e.”
BackgroundIntuitive prediction: Biases and corrective procedures
Kahneman, D. J., & Tversky, A. (1982) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511809477.031 · Cited by 1,162
The seven sins of memory: Insights from psychology and cognitive neuroscience.
Schacter, D. L. (1999) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.54.3.182 · Cited by 1,133
Self-citationEpisodic Memory and Autonoesis: Uniquely Human?
Tulving, E. (2005) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195161564.003.0001 · Cited by 1,029
Spreng, R. N., & Grady, C. L. (2010) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21282 · Cited by 985
The seven sins of memory: how the mind forgets and remembers
(2001) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.39-2484 · Cited by 921
Harnessing the imagination: Mental simulation, self-regulation, and coping.
Taylor, S. E., Pham, L. B., Rivkin, I. D., & Armor, D. A. (1998) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.53.4.429 · Cited by 905
Peters, J., & Büchel, C. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.03.026 · Cited by 871 · cited 2×
“…et al. (2011) scanned participants during this procedure, and showed that effects of episodic simulation on temporal discounting are associated with increased coupling between activity in the hippocampus and prefrontal regions involved in reward representation (see also, Peters & Büchel, 2010).”
BackgroundEpisodic Simulation of Future Events: Concepts, Data, and Applications
Schacter, D. L., Addis, D. R., & Buckner, R. L. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1440.001 · Cited by 840
Self-citationNeural substrates of envisioning the future
Szpunar, K. K., Watson, J. M., & McDermott, K. B. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0610082104 · Cited by 784
Harnessing the imagination: Mental simulation, self-regulation, and coping.
Taylor, S. E., Pham, L. B., Rivkin, I. D., & Armor, D. A. (1998) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.53.4.429 · Cited by 748
Using Imagination to Understand the Neural Basis of Episodic Memory
Hassabis, D., Kumaran, D., & Maguire, E. A. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4549-07.2007 · Cited by 744 · cited 1×
“Instead, they represent imaginary scenes or scenarios that might or might not occur to the individual within a particular future time frame (e.g., Addis et al., 2007; Addis, Pan, et al., 2009; Hassabis et al., 2007; Okuda et al., 2003; Spreng & Grady, 2010; Szpunar et al., 2007).”
BackgroundCrisp, R. J., & Turner, R. N. (2009) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0014718 · Cited by 665
Szpunar, K. K. (2010) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691610362350 · Cited by 663
Age-Related Changes in the Episodic Simulation of Future Events
Addis, D. R., Wong, A. T., & Schacter, D. L. (2008) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02043.x · Cited by 660
Self-citationImagination inflation: Imagining a childhood event inflates confidence that it occurred
Garry, M., Manning, C. G., Loftus, E. F., & Sherman, S. J. (1996) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03212420 · Cited by 648
Addis, D. R., Pan, L., Vu, M.-A. T., Laiser, N., & Schacter, D. L. (2008) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.10.026 · Cited by 635
Self-citationEvaluative and generative modes of thought during the creative process
Ellamil, M., Dobson, C., Beeman, M., & Christoff, K. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.08.008 · Cited by 611
Thinking of the future and past: the roles of the frontal pole and the medial temporal lobes
Okuda, J., Fujii, T., Ohtake, H., Tsukiura, T., Tanji, K., Suzuki, K., Kawashima, R., Fukuda, H., Itoh, M., & Yamadori, A. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00179-4 · Cited by 607
Back to the future: Autobiographical planning and the functionality of mind-wandering
Baird, B., Smallwood, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2011) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2011.08.007 · Cited by 588
(2005) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195154054.001.0001 · Cited by 586
False memories and fantastic beliefs: 15 years of the DRM illusion
Gallo, D. A. (2010) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/mc.38.7.833 · Cited by 564
Explanation, imagination, and confidence in judgment.
Koehler, D. J. (1991) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.110.3.499 · Cited by 561
Remembering our past : studies in autobiographical memory
Rubin, D. C. (1996) · Cited by 560
Schacter, D. L., Alpert, N. M., Savage, C. R., Rauch, S. L., & Albert, M. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.1.321 · Cited by 552
Self-citationMind-wandering: Phenomenology and function as assessed with a novel experience sampling method
Stawarczyk, D., Majerus, S., Maj, M., der Linden, M. V., & D’Argembeau, A. (2011) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2011.01.002 · Cited by 544
Gist-Based False Recognition of Pictures in Older and Younger Adults
Koutstaal, W., & Schacter, D. L. (1997) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1006/jmla.1997.2529 · Cited by 521
Self-citation"Memory of the future": an essay on the temporal organization of conscious awareness.
Ingvar, D. H. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 519
Memory distortion: an adaptive perspective
Schacter, D. L., Guerin, S. A., & St. Jacques, P. L. (2011) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2011.08.004 · Cited by 507
Self-citationCarroll, J. S. (1978) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(78)90062-8 · Cited by 502
D’Argembeau, A., & Van der Linden, M. (2006) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2005.09.001 · Cited by 490
Depression and the specificity of autobiographical memory
Williams, J. M. (1996) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511527913.010 · Cited by 482
McKay, R. T., & Dennett, D. C. (2009) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x09990975 · Cited by 474
A neural mechanism mediating the impact of episodic prospection on farsighted decisions
Benoit, R. G., Gilbert, S. J., & Burgess, P. W. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.6559-10.2011 · Cited by 422
The Role of the Hippocampus in Prediction and Imagination
Buckner, R. L. (2010) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163508 · Cited by 419
The Missing Link in CognitionOrigins of self-reflective consciousness
Terrace, H. S., & Metcalfe, J. (2005) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195161564.001.0001 · Cited by 417
Evolutionary economics of mental time travel?
Boyer, P. (2008) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2008.03.003 · Cited by 413
Loftus, E. F. (2003) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.58.11.867 · Cited by 350
Ingvar, D. H. (2009) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1979.tb02947.x · Cited by 322
Remembering the past and imagining the future in schizophrenia.
D’Argembeau, A., Raffard, S., & der Linden, M. V. (2008) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.117.1.247 · Cited by 319
Deeson, E. (1974) · Physics Bulletin · doi:10.1088/0031-9112/25/8/030 · Cited by 311
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory Distortion
Schacter, D. L., & Slotnick, S. D. (2004) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.08.017 · Cited by 309
Self-citationTracking the construction of episodic future thoughts
D'Argembeau, A., & Mathy, A. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/a0022581 · Cited by 294
Brain regions associated with retrieval of structurally coherent visual information
Schacter, D. L., Reiman, E. M., Uecker, A., Roister, M. R., Yun, L. S., & Cooper, L. A. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/376587a0 · Cited by 285
Self-citationThe Hippocampus and Imagining the Future: Where Do We Stand?
Addis, D. R., & Schacter, D. L. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2011.00173 · Cited by 285
Self-citationMental Practice Enhances Surgical Technical Skills
Arora, S., Aggarwal, R. K., Sirimanna, P., Moran, A. P., Grantcharov, T., Kneebone, R. L., Sevdalis, N., & Darzi, A. W. (2011) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0b013e318207a789 · Cited by 260
Implementation Intentions and Facilitation of Prospective Memory
Chasteen, A. L., Park, D. C., & Schwarz, N. (2001) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00385 · Cited by 241
Following the Crowd: Brain Substrates of Long-Term Memory Conformity
Edelson, M. G., Sharot, T., Dolan, R. J., & Dudai, Y. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1203557 · Cited by 236
On the nature of medial temporal lobe contributions to the constructive simulation of future events
Schacter, D. L., & Addis, D. R. (2009) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0308 · Cited by 226
Self-citationSzpunar, K. K., & McDermott, K. B. (2007) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2007.04.006 · Cited by 224
Gerlach, K. D., Spreng, R. N., Gilmore, A. W., & Schacter, D. L. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.01.030 · Cited by 224
Self-citationFacing the future: Memory as an evolved system for planning future acts
Klein, S. B., Robertson, T. E., & Delton, A. W. (2009) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/mc.38.1.13 · Cited by 214
Default Network Modulation and Large-Scale Network Interactivity in Healthy Young and Old Adults
Spreng, R. N., & Schacter, D. L. (2012) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhr339 · Cited by 214
Self-citationHardt, O., Einarsson, E. Ö., & Nader, K. (2010) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100455 · Cited by 211
Role of the hippocampus in remembering the past and imagining the future
Squire, L. R., van der Horst, A. S., McDuff, S. G. R., Frascino, J. C., Hopkins, R. O., & Mauldin, K. N. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1014391107 · Cited by 206
Szpunar, K. K., & Schacter, D. L. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/a0028877 · Cited by 195
Self-citationIndividual differences in false memory from misinformation: Cognitive factors
Zhu, B., Chen, C., Loftus, E. F., Lin, C., He, Q., Chen, C., Li, H., Xue, G., Lu, Z., & Dong, Q. (2010) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2010.487051 · Cited by 184
The Least Likely of Times: How Remembering the Past Biases Forecasts of the Future
Morewedge, C. K., Gilbert, D. T., & Wilson, T. D. (2005) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01585.x · Cited by 184
Sheldon, S., McAndrews, M. P., & Moscovitch, M. (2011) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.04.021 · Cited by 161
False Recognition in Women Reporting Recovered Memories of Sexual Abuse
Clancy, S. A., Schacter, D. L., McNally, R. J., & Pitman, R. K. (2000) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00210 · Cited by 147
Self-citationUnderestimating the Duration of Future Events: Memory Incorrectly Used or Memory Bias?
Roy, M. M., Christenfeld, N. J. S., & McKenzie, C. R. M. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.5.738 · Cited by 147
A role for the hippocampus in encoding simulations of future events
Martin, V. C., Schacter, D. L., Corballis, M. C., & Addis, D. R. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1105816108 · Cited by 144
Self-citationMontgomery, M., Gregory, R. L., & Gombrich, E. H. (1975) · Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism · doi:10.2307/430086 · Cited by 143
Nairne, J. S. (2010) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(10)53001-9 · Cited by 142
Memory for Emotional Simulations
Szpunar, K. K., Addis, D. R., & Schacter, D. L. (2011) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797611422237 · Cited by 126
Self-citationSt. Jacques, P. L., & Schacter, D. L. (2013) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797612457377 · Cited by 119
Self-citationFalse memories: What the hell are they for?
Newman, E. J., & Lindsay, D. S. (2009) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.1613 · Cited by 118
The cognitive neuroscience of constructive memory: remembering the past and imagining the future
Schacter, D. L., & Addis, D. R. (2008) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199230617.003.0003 · Cited by 114
Self-citationBuehler, R., Griffin, D. W., & Peetz, J. (2010) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(10)43001-4 · Cited by 110
The Adaptive Nature of Memory and Its Illusions
Howe, M. L. (2011) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721411416571 · Cited by 104
Imagining fictitious and future experiences: Evidence from developmental amnesia
Maguire, E. A., Vargha‐Khadem, F., & Hassabis, D. (2010) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.06.037 · Cited by 102
Klein, S. B., Robertson, T. E., & Delton, A. W. (2011) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2010.537827 · Cited by 96
On the role of episodic future simulation in encoding of prospective memories
Brewer, G. A., & Marsh, R. L. (2009) · Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17588920903373960 · Cited by 80
Worry and the Simulation of Future Outcomes
Brown, G. P., MacLeod, A. K., Tata, P. R., & Goddard, L. (2002) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615800290007254 · Cited by 79
Howe, M. L., Garner, S. R., Charlesworth, M., & Knott, L. M. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2010.08.012 · Cited by 76
Convergent, but not divergent, thinking predicts susceptibility to associative memory illusions
Dewhurst, S. A., Thorley, C., Hammond, E. R., & Ormerod, T. C. (2011) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.03.018 · Cited by 72
Papies, E. K., Aarts, H., & de Vries, N. K. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.06.011 · Cited by 67
Goodman, G. S., Ogle, C. M., Block, S. D., Harris, L. S., Larson, R. P., Augusti, E., Cho, Y. I., Beber, J., Timmer, S. G., & Urquiza, A. J. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579411000150 · Cited by 54
The Accuracy or Inaccuracy of Affective Forecasts Depends on How Accuracy Is Indexed
Mathieu, M., & Gosling, S. D. (2012) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797611427044 · Cited by 43
Prospective Educational Applications of Mental Simulation: A Meta-review
van Meer, J. P., & Theunissen, N. C. M. (2009) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-009-9097-8 · Cited by 36
Memory for Emotional Simulations: Remembering a Rosy Future
Szpunar, K. K., Addis, D. R., & Schacter, D. L. (2011) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e520602012-355 · Cited by 15
Self-citationDunning, D. A. (2007) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 7
AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN THE EPISODIC SIMULATION OF PAST AND FUTURE EVENTS
Schacter, D. L. (2011) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203842539-30 · Cited by 6
Self-citationRawnsley, K. (1981) · Psychiatric Bulletin · doi:10.1192/pb.5.3.49 · Cited by 6
Mental Practice Enhances Surgical Technical Skills: A Randomized Controlled Study
Copeland, E. M. (2012) · Yearbook of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ysur.2011.12.005 · Cited by 4
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 113 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Bartlett FC Remembering 1932 Cambridge Cambridge University Press
- McClelland JL Schacter DL Constructive memory and memory distortions: A parallel-distributed processing approach Memory distortion: How minds, brains and societies reconstruct the past 1995 Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press 69 90
- Roediger HL III Memory illusions Journal of Memory and Language 1996 35 76 100
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The future of memory: remembering, imagining, and the brain
Schacter, D. L., Addis, D. R., Hassabis, D., Martin, V. C., Spreng, R. N., & Szpunar, K. K. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.11.001 · Cited by 1,398
Self-citationEpisodic Future Thinking: Mechanisms and Functions
Schacter, D. L., Benoit, R. G., & Szpunar, K. K. (2017) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.06.002 · Cited by 771
“Early laboratory and clinical studies provided initial evidence that they serve a range of functions, including decision making, emotion regulation, intention formation, and planning [67], and recent work has both strengthened and broadened this evidence.”
BackgroundSelf-citationA taxonomy of prospection: Introducing an organizational framework for future-oriented cognition
Szpunar, K. K., Spreng, R. N., & Schacter, D. L. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1417144111 · Cited by 539
Self-citationThe hippocampus and related neocortical structures in memory transformation
Sekeres, M. J., Winocur, G., & Moscovitch, M. (2018) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2018.05.006 · Cited by 370
The effects of psychological distance on abstraction: Two meta-analyses.
Soderberg, C. K., Callahan, S. P., Kochersberger, A. O., Amit, E., & Ledgerwood, A. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000005 · Cited by 350
Metadata
- Authors
- Schacter, D. L.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schacter, Daniel L.
- ORCID
- Schacter, Daniel L.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 603-613
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- PMC
- PMC3815569
- OpenAlex
- W2055900812
- Cited by
- 417
- References
- 113
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 12.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health
- National Institute on Aging
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Keywords
- memory errors, memory distortion, memory illusions, imagination, prospective memory, retrospective memory, mind wandering, prediction, planning, problem solving, coping, positivity bias, default mode network
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Cognition, Humans, Imagination, Memory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
