The DOI matches its Crossref record; 69 of the 69 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Ballistic to diffusive crossover of heat flow in graphene ribbons
Open accessAbstract
Heat flow in nanomaterials is an important area of study, with both fundamental and technological implications. However, little is known about heat flow in two-dimensional devices or interconnects with dimensions comparable to the phonon mean free path. Here we find that short, quarter-micron graphene samples reach ~35% of the ballistic thermal conductance limit up to room temperature, enabled by the relatively large phonon mean free path (~100 nm) in substrate-supported graphene. In contrast, patterning similar samples into nanoribbons leads to a diffusive heat-flow regime that is controlled by ribbon width and edge disorder. In the edge-controlled regime, the graphene nanoribbon thermal conductivity scales with width approximately as ~W1.80.3, being about 100 W m−1 K−1 in 65-nm-wide graphene nanoribbons, at room temperature. These results show how manipulation oftwo-dimensional device dimensions and edges can be used to achieve full control of their heat-carrying properties, approaching fundamentally limited upper or lower bounds. Understanding heat flow in two-dimensional nanomaterials has wide-ranging implications. Here, the authors show that the thermal conductance of quarter-micron graphene samples is quasi-ballistic, but patterning the graphene into nanoribbons leads to diffusive heat flow strongly limited by edge scattering.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Interpretation of Raman spectra of disordered and amorphous carbon
Ferrari, A. C., & Robertson, J. (2000) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.61.14095 · Cited by 15,651
Thermal properties of graphene and nanostructured carbon materials
Balandin, A. A. (2011) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat3064 · Cited by 6,244
Physical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes
Saito, R., Dresselhaus, G., & Dresselhaus, M. S. (1998) · IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS eBooks · doi:10.1142/9781860943799 · Cited by 4,808
Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes
Kim, P., Shi, L., Majumdar, A., & McEuen, P. L. (2001) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.87.215502 · Cited by 3,378 · cited 1×
“[46] Fujii et al.”
Ziman, J. M., & Levy, P. W. (1961) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.3057244 · Cited by 3,368
Cançado, L. G., Takai, K., Enoki, T., Endo, M., Kim, Y. A., Mizusaki, H., Jorio, A., Coelho, L. N., Magalhães-Paniago, R., & Pimenta, M. A. (2006) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.2196057 · Cited by 2,628
Weiner, J., & Ho, P.-T. (2003) · Wiley eBooks · Cited by 2,020
Thermal conductivity measurement from 30 to 750 K: the 3ω method
Cahill, D. G. (1990) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.1141498 · Cited by 1,928
Two-Dimensional Phonon Transport in Supported Graphene
Seol, J. H., Jo, I., Moore, A. L., Lindsay, L., Aitken, Z. H., Pettes, M. T., Li, X., Yao, Z., Huang, R., Broido, D., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1184014 · Cited by 1,926
Thermal properties of graphene: Fundamentals and applications
Pop, E., Varshney, V., & Roy, A. K. (2012) · MRS Bulletin · doi:10.1557/mrs.2012.203 · Cited by 1,684
Self-citationLindsay, L., & Broido, D. A. (2010) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.81.205441 · Cited by 1,174
Phonon thermal conduction in graphene: Role of Umklapp and edge roughness scattering
Nika, D. L., Pokatilov, E. P., Askerov, A. S., & Balandin, A. A. (2009) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.79.155413 · Cited by 967
Measurement of the quantum of thermal conductance
Schwab, K., Henriksen, E. A., Worlock, J. M., & Roukes, M. L. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35010065 · Cited by 917
Measuring the Thermal Conductivity of a Single Carbon Nanotube
Fujii, M., Zhang, X., Xie, H., Ago, H., Takahashi, K., Ikuta, T., Abe, H., & Shimizu, T. (2005) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.95.065502 · Cited by 900
Flexural phonons and thermal transport in graphene
Lindsay, L., Broido, D. A., & Mingo, N. (2010) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.82.115427 · Cited by 860
Heat transport in thin dielectric films
Lee, S.-M., & Cahill, D. G. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.363923 · Cited by 732
Phase-Coherent Transport in Graphene Quantum Billiards
Miao, F., Wijeratne, S., Zhang, Y., Coskun, U. C., Bao, W., & Lau, C. N. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1144359 · Cited by 699
Thermal Conductivity of Pure and Impure Silicon, Silicon Carbide, and Diamond
Slack, G. A. (1964) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1713251 · Cited by 695
Thermometry and Thermal Transport in Micro/Nanoscale Solid-State Devices and Structures
Cahill, D. G., Goodson, K., & Majumdar, A. (2002) · Journal of Heat Transfer · doi:10.1115/1.1454111 · Cited by 611
Etching and narrowing of graphene from the edges
Wang, X., & Dai, H. (2010) · Nature Chemistry · doi:10.1038/nchem.719 · Cited by 491
Thermal conduction in doped single-crystal silicon films
Asheghi, M., Kurabayashi, K., Kasnavi, R., & Goodson, K. E. (2002) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1458057 · Cited by 469
Siemens, M. E., Li, Q., Yang, R., Nelson, K. A., Anderson, E. H., Murnane, M. M., & Kapteyn, H. C. (2010) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat2568 · Cited by 443
Carbon Nanotube Ballistic Thermal Conductance and Its Limits
Mingo, N., & Broido, D. A. (2005) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.95.096105 · Cited by 379
Impact of Phonon-Surface Roughness Scattering on Thermal Conductivity of Thin Si Nanowires
Martin, P., Aksamija, Z., Pop, E., & Ravaioli, U. (2009) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.102.125503 · Cited by 373
Self-citationMeasurement of thermal conductivity of silicon dioxide thin films using a 3ω method
Yamane, T., Nagai, N., Katayama, S.-I., & Todoki, M. (2002) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1481958 · Cited by 367
Thermal Conductance of Thin Silicon Nanowires
Chen, R., Hochbaum, A. I., Murphy, P., Moore, J., Yang, P., & Majumdar, A. (2008) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.101.105501 · Cited by 363
Heat Conduction across Monolayer and Few-Layer Graphenes
Koh, Y. K., Bae, M.-H., Cahill, D. G., & Pop, E. (2010) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl101790k · Cited by 355
Self-citationControl of Thermal and Electronic Transport in Defect-Engineered Graphene Nanoribbons
Haskins, J., Kınacı, A., Sevik, C., Sevinçli, H., Cuniberti, G., & Çağın, T. (2011) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn200114p · Cited by 355
Thermal contact resistance between graphene and silicon dioxide
Chen, Z., Jang, W., Bao, W., Lau, C. N., & Dames, C. (2009) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.3245315 · Cited by 349
Nanoscale Joule heating, Peltier cooling and current crowding at graphene–metal contacts
Grosse, K. L., Bae, M.-H., Lian, F., Pop, E., & King, W. P. (2011) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2011.39 · Cited by 340
Self-citationThickness-Dependent Thermal Conductivity of Encased Graphene and Ultrathin Graphite
Jang, W., Chen, Z., Bao, W., Lau, C. N., & Dames, C. (2010) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl101613u · Cited by 339
Quantifying Surface Roughness Effects on Phonon Transport in Silicon Nanowires
Lim, J., Hippalgaonkar, K., Andrews, S. C., Majumdar, A., & Yang, P. (2012) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl3005868 · Cited by 332
Tunable Stress and Controlled Thickness Modification in Graphene by Annealing
Ni, Z. H., Wang, H. M., Ma, Y., Kasim, J., Wu, Y. H., & Shen, Z. X. (2008) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn800031m · Cited by 317
Effect of substrate modes on thermal transport in supported graphene
Ong, Z.-Y., & Pop, E. (2011) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.84.075471 · Cited by 267
Self-citationExperimental determinations of the Lorenz number
Kumar, G. S., Prasad, G., & Pohl, R. O. (1993) · Journal of Materials Science · doi:10.1007/bf01154931 · Cited by 245
Ballistic thermal conductance of a graphene sheet
Saito, K., Nakamura, J., & Natori, A. (2007) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.76.115409 · Cited by 239
Zhu, J., Tang, D., Wang, W., Liu, J., Holub, K. W., & Yang, R. (2010) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.3504213 · Cited by 232
Thermally Limited Current Carrying Ability of Graphene Nanoribbons
Liao, A. D., Wu, J. Z., Wang, X., Tahy, K., Jena, D., Dai, H., & Pop, E. (2011) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.256801 · Cited by 220
Self-citationBallistic Thermal Conductance of Graphene Ribbons
Muñoz, E., Lu, J., & Yakobson, B. I. (2010) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl904206d · Cited by 205
Thermal boundary resistance and thermal conductivity of multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Prasher, R. (2008) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.77.075424 · Cited by 200
Kim, J. H., Feldman, A., & Novotny, D. (1999) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.371314 · Cited by 200
Lattice thermal conductivity of graphene nanoribbons: Anisotropy and edge roughness scattering
Aksamija, Z., & Knezevic, I. (2011) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.3569721 · Cited by 199
Self-citationMeasurement of the thermal conductance of the graphene/SiO2 interface
Mak, K. F., Lui, C. H., & Heinz, T. F. (2010) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.3511537 · Cited by 192
Hopkins, P. E., Serrano, J. R., Phinney, L. M., Kearney, S. P., Grasser, T. W., & Harris, C. T. (2010) · Journal of Heat Transfer · doi:10.1115/1.4000993 · Cited by 191
Pettes, M. T., & Shi, L. (2009) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.200900932 · Cited by 190
Jeong, C., Kim, R., Luisier, M., Datta, S., & Lundstrom, M. (2010) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.3291120 · Cited by 178
Xie, L., Wang, H., Jin, C., Wang, X., Jiao, L., Suenaga, K., & Dai, H. (2011) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja203860a · Cited by 177
Reduction of spectral phonon relaxation times from suspended to supported graphene
Qiu, B., & Ruan, X. (2012) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.4712041 · Cited by 174
Raman Spectroscopy of Lithographically Patterned Graphene Nanoribbons
Ryu, S., Maultzsch, J., Han, M. Y., Kim, P., & Brus, L. E. (2011) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn200799y · Cited by 170
Thermal conduction in metallized silicon-dioxide layers on silicon
Käding, O. W., Skurk, H., & Goodson, K. E. (1994) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.112933 · Cited by 165
High-Field Electrical and Thermal Transport in Suspended Graphene
Dorgan, V. E., Behnam, A., Conley, H. J., Bolotin, K. I., & Pop, E. (2013) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl400197w · Cited by 163
Self-citationEffect of grain boundaries on thermal transport in graphene
Serov, A. Y., Ong, Z., & Pop, E. (2013) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.4776667 · Cited by 155
Self-citationAnisotropy and boundary scattering in the lattice thermal conductivity of silicon nanomembranes
Akšamija, Z., & Knežević, I. (2010) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.82.045319 · Cited by 154
Thermal Conduction in Silicon Micro- and Nanostructures
McConnell, A. D., & Goodson, K. E. (2005) · Annual Review of Heat Transfer · doi:10.1615/annualrevheattransfer.v14.120 · Cited by 138
Reduced Thermal Conductivity in Nanoengineered Rough Ge and GaAs Nanowires
Martin, P. N., Akšamija, Z., Pop, E., & Ravaioli, U. (2010) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl902720v · Cited by 133
Self-citationBallistic transport in high electron mobility transistors
Wang, J., & Lundstrom, M. (2003) · IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices · doi:10.1109/ted.2003.814980 · Cited by 127
Wang, Y., Qiu, B., & Ruan, X. (2012) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.4732155 · Cited by 119
Pressure tuning of the thermal conductance of weak interfaces
Hsieh, W., Lyons, A. S., Pop, E., Keblinski, P., & Cahill, D. G. (2011) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.84.184107 · Cited by 119
Self-citationQiu, B., & Ruan, X. (2011) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1111.4613 · Cited by 117
Transport in Nanoribbon Interconnects Obtained from Graphene Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Behnam, A., Lyons, A. S., Bae, M.-H., Chow, E. K. C., Islam, S., Neumann, C. M., & Pop, E. (2012) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl300584r · Cited by 114
Self-citationJeong, C., Datta, S., & Lundstrom, M. (2011) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.3567111 · Cited by 113
Thermal conductivity measurement and interface thermal resistance estimation using SiO2 thin film
Chien, H.-C., Yao, D., Huang, M., & Chang, T.-Y. (2008) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.2927253 · Cited by 101
Scaling of High-Field Transport and Localized Heating in Graphene Transistors
Bae, M., Islam, S., Dorgan, V. E., & Pop, E. (2011) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn202239y · Cited by 95
Self-citationRoom-temperature phonon boundary scattering below the Casimir limit
Sadhu, J. S., & Sinha, S. (2011) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.84.115450 · Cited by 75
Siemens, M. E., Li, Q., Yang, R., Nelson, K. A., Anderson, E. H., Murnane, M. M., & Kapteyn, H. C. (2011) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.871455 · Cited by 69
Thermal transport in graphene nanoribbons supported on SiO 2
Akšamija, Z., & Knežević, I. (2012) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.86.165426 · Cited by 51
Towards graphene nanoribbon-based electronics
Huang, B. Q., Yan, Q., Li, Z., & Duan, W. (2009) · 物理学前沿：英文版 · doi:10.1007/s11467-009-0029-3 · Cited by 46
Self-citationDirect Measurement of Thermal Conductivity of Aluminum Nanowires
Stojanovic, N., Berg, J. M., Maithripala, D. H. S., & Holtz, M. (2009) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.3216035 · Cited by 38
An Analytical Model for Line-Edge Roughness Limited Mobility of Graphene Nanoribbons
Goharrizi, A. Y., Pourfath, M., Fathipour, M., et al. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices · doi:10.1109/ted.2011.2163719 · Cited by 35
Cited by
Emerging challenges and materials for thermal management of electronics
Moore, A. L., & Shi, L. (2014) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2014.04.003 · Cited by 2,106
Nanoscale thermal transport. II. 2003–2012
Cahill, D. G., Braun, P. V., Chen, G., Clarke, D. R., Fan, S., Goodson, K. E., Keblinski, P., King, W. P., Mahan, G. D., Majumdar, A., et al. (2014) · Applied Physics Reviews · doi:10.1063/1.4832615 · Cited by 1,763
Self-citationPhonons and thermal transport in graphene and graphene-based materials
Nika, D. L., & Balandin, A. A. (2017) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6633/80/3/036502 · Cited by 359
Size-dependent phononic thermal transport in low-dimensional nanomaterials
Zhang, Z., Ouyang, Y., Cheng, Y., Chen, J., Li, N., & Zhang, G. (2020) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2020.03.001 · Cited by 341
Emerging Artificial Synaptic Devices for Neuromorphic Computing
Wan, Q., Sharbati, M. T., Erickson, J. R., Du, Y., & Xiong, F. (2019) · Advanced Materials Technologies · doi:10.1002/admt.201900037 · Cited by 303
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Bae, M.-H., Li, Z., Aksamija, Z., Martin, P. N., Xiong, F., Ong, Z.-Y., Knezevic, I., & Pop, E.
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2013-04-16
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1734-1734
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2144275451
- Cited by
- 332
- References
- 69
- FWCI
- 14.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
