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PFOS or PreFOS? Are perfluorooctane sulfonate precursors (PreFOS) important determinants of human and environmental perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure?

Martin, Jonathan W., Asher, Brian J., Beesoon, Sanjay, Benskin, Jonathan P., Ross, Matthew S.·2010·Journal of Environmental Monitoring

DOI 10.1039/c0em00295j

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Abstract

The extent to which perfluorooctanesulfonate precursors (PreFOS) play a role in human or environmental exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) is not well characterized. The diversity of manufactured PreFOS and its degradation products (e.g. C(8)F(17)SO(2)R and C(8)F(17)SO(2)NR'R'', where R is H or F, and R' and R'' are various) has made it difficult to track their fate. Temporal trends of PFOS in both humans and wildlife are discrepant, thus it is difficult to predict future exposure, and hypotheses about the role of PreFOS have been raised. Although abiotic degradation of commercially important PreFOS materials requires further research, current data suggest that the yield of PFOS is negligible or minor. On the other hand, in vivo biotransformation of PreFOS yields PFOS as the major metabolite, and >32% yields have been observed. In Canadians, exposure to PreFOS was equivalent or greater than direct PFOS exposure prior to 2002. In most ocean water, PFOS is dominant to PreFOS, but in the oceans east of Greenland there may be more PreFOS than PFOS, consistent with the fact that whales and humans in this region also show evidence of substantial PreFOS exposure. Quantitative assessments of PFOS body-burdens coming from PreFOS are complicated by the fact that PreFOS partitions to the cellular fraction of blood, thus biomonitoring in serum under predicts PreFOS relative to PFOS. Many unknowns exist that prevent accurate modelling, thus analytical methods that can distinguish directly manufactured PFOS, from PFOS that has been biotransformed from PreFOS, should be applied in future human and environmental monitoring. Two new source tracking principles are presented and applied to human serum.

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Authors: Martin, J. W., Asher, B. J., Beesoon, S., Benskin, J. P., & Ross, M. S.
Affiliations: University of Alberta (CA)
Corresponding author: Martin, Jonathan W.
ORCID: Martin, Jonathan W.
Beesoon, Sanjay
Benskin, Jonathan P.
Ross, Matthew S.
Venue: Journal of Environmental Monitoring
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Published: 2010
Volume: 12
Issue: 11
Pages: 1979
ISSN: 1464-0325 (ISSN-L)
1464-0333
DOI: 10.1039/c0em00295j
OpenAlex: W2088093177
Cited by: 311
References: 169
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 27
FWCI: 2.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Environmental Monitoring (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Keywords: PFOS, human exposure, environmental exposure, serum biomonitoring, body burden, source tracking, whales, abiotic degradation, temporal trends
MeSH terms: Animals, Biotransformation, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Pollutants, Fluorocarbons, Food Analysis, Humans, Alkanesulfonic Acids

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PFOS or PreFOS? Are perfluorooctane sulfonate precursors (PreFOS) important determinants of human and environmental perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure?

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