The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Global patterns of 16S rRNA diversity at a depth of millions of sequences per sample
Open accessAbstract
The ongoing revolution in high-throughput sequencing continues to democratize the ability of small groups of investigators to map the microbial component of the biosphere. In particular, the coevolution of new sequencing platforms and new software tools allows data acquisition and analysis on an unprecedented scale. Here we report the next stage in this coevolutionary arms race, using the Illumina GAIIx platform to sequence a diverse array of 25 environmental samples and three known “mock communities” at a depth averaging 3.1 million reads per sample. We demonstrate excellent consistency in taxonomic recovery and recapture diversity patterns that were previously reported on the basis of metaanalysis of many studies from the literature (notably, the saline/nonsaline split in environmental samples and the split between host-associated and free-living communities). We also demonstrate that 2,000 Illumina single-end reads are sufficient to recapture the same relationships among samples that we observe with the full dataset. The results thus open up the possibility of conducting large-scale studies analyzing thousands of samples simultaneously to survey microbial communities at an unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Basic local alignment search tool
Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E. W., & Lipman, D. J. (1990) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1990.9999 · Cited by 98,669
QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data
Caporaso, J. G., Kuczynski, J., Stombaugh, J., Bittinger, K., Bushman, F. D., Costello, E. K., Fierer, N., Peña, A. G., Goodrich, J. K., Gordon, J. I., et al. (2010) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.f.303 · Cited by 34,887
Self-citationUniFrac: a New Phylogenetic Method for Comparing Microbial Communities
Lozupone, C., & Knight, R. (2005) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.71.12.8228-8235.2005 · Cited by 8,227
Self-citationThe diversity and biogeography of soil bacterial communities
Fierer, N., & Jackson, R. B. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0507535103 · Cited by 5,711
Self-citationLauber, C. L., Hamady, M., Knight, R., & Fierer, N. (2009) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.00335-09 · Cited by 4,063
Self-citationEvolution of mammals and their gut microbes
Ley, R. E., Hamady, M., Lozupone, C., Turnbaugh, P. J., Ramey, R. R., Bircher, J. S., Schlegel, M. L., Tucker, T. A., Schrenzel, M. D., Knight, R., et al. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1155725 · Cited by 3,747
Self-citationBacterial Community Variation in Human Body Habitats Across Space and Time
Costello, E. K., Lauber, C. L., Hamady, M., Fierer, N., Gordon, J. I., & Knight, R. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1177486 · Cited by 3,231
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 27
- EA Grice, et al., Topographical and temporal diversity of the human skin microbiome. Science 324, 1190–1192 (2009). · DOI · Paper page
- LFW Roesch, et al., Pyrosequencing enumerates and contrasts soil microbial diversity. ISME J 1, 283–290 (2007). · DOI
- ML Sogin, et al., Microbial diversity in the deep sea and the underexplored “rare biosphere”. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103, 12115–12120 (2006). · DOI
- SG Tringe, P Hugenholtz, A renaissance for the pioneering 16S rRNA gene. Curr Opin Microbiol 11, 442–446 (2008). · DOI
- NR Pace, A molecular view of microbial diversity and the biosphere. Science 276, 734–740 (1997). · DOI · Paper page
- KT Konstantinidis, JM Tiedje, Genomic insights that advance the species definition for prokaryotes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102, 2567–2572 (2005). · DOI
- M Hamady, R Knight, Microbial community profiling for human microbiome projects: Tools, techniques, and challenges. Genome Res 19, 1141–1152 (2009). · DOI
- D Pushkarev, NF Neff, SR Quake, Single-molecule sequencing of an individual human genome. Nat Biotechnol 27, 847–852 (2009). · DOI
- V Lazarevic, et al., Metagenomic study of the oral microbiota by Illumina high-throughput sequencing. J Microbiol Methods 79, 266–271 (2009). · DOI
- J Binladen, et al., The use of coded PCR primers enables high-throughput sequencing of multiple homolog amplification products by 454 parallel sequencing. PLoS ONE 2, e197 (2007). · DOI · Paper page
- M Hamady, JJ Walker, JK Harris, NJ Gold, R Knight, Error-correcting barcoded primers for pyrosequencing hundreds of samples in multiplex. Nat Methods 5, 235–237 (2008). · DOI · Paper page
- JA Huber, et al., Microbial population structures in the deep marine biosphere. Science 318, 97–100 (2007). · DOI · Paper page
- Z Liu, C Lozupone, M Hamady, FD Bushman, R Knight, Short pyrosequencing reads suffice for accurate microbial community analysis. Nucleic Acids Res 35, e120 (2007). · DOI
- CA Lozupone, R Knight, Global patterns in bacterial diversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104, 11436–11440 (2007). · DOI
- RE Ley, CA Lozupone, M Hamady, R Knight, JI Gordon, Worlds within worlds: Evolution of the vertebrate gut microbiota. Nat Rev Microbiol 6, 776–788 (2008). · DOI
- JC Auguet, A Barberan, EO Casamayor, Global ecological patterns in uncultured Archaea. ISME J 4, 182–190 (2010). · DOI · Paper page
- W Li, A Godzik, Cd-hit: A fast program for clustering and comparing large sets of protein or nucleotide sequences. Bioinformatics 22, 1658–1659 (2006). · DOI · Paper page
- M Hamady, C Lozupone, R Knight, Fast UniFrac: Facilitating high-throughput phylogenetic analyses of microbial communities including analysis of pyrosequencing and PhyloChip data. ISME J 4, 17–27 (2010). · DOI
- E Fredkin, Trie memory. Commun ACM 3, 490–499 (1960). · DOI
- MN Price, PS Dehal, AP Arkin, FastTree: Computing large minimum evolution trees with profiles instead of a distance matrix. Mol Biol Evol 26, 1641–1650 (2009). · DOI · Paper page
- Q Wang, GM Garrity, JM Tiedje, JR Cole, Naive Bayesian classifier for rapid assignment of rRNA sequences into the new bacterial taxonomy. Appl Environ Microbiol 73, 5261–5267 (2007). · DOI · Paper page
- PJ Turnbaugh, et al., Organismal, genetic, and transcriptional variation in the deeply sequenced gut microbiomes of identical twins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107, 7503–7508 (2010). · DOI · Paper page
- C Quince, et al., Accurate determination of microbial diversity from 454 pyrosequencing data. Nat Methods 6, 639–641 (2009). · DOI
- V Kunin, A Engelbrektson, H Ochman, P Hugenholtz, Wrinkles in the rare biosphere: Pyrosequencing errors can lead to artificial inflation of diversity estimates. Environ Microbiol 12, 118–123 (2010). · DOI · Paper page
- CA Lozupone, M Hamady, ST Kelley, R Knight, Quantitative and qualitative beta diversity measures lead to different insights into factors that structure microbial communities. Appl Environ Microbiol 73, 1576–1585 (2007). · DOI · Paper page
- GE Fox, CR Woese, The architecture of 5S rRNA and its relation to function. J Mol Evol 6, 61–76 (1975). · DOI
- PJ Turnbaugh, et al., A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins. Nature 457, 480–484 (2009). · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Items 101–152 of 152
Samo, T. J., Kimbrel, J. A., Nilson, D. J., Pett‐Ridge, J., Weber, P. K., & Mayali, X. (2018) · Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1111/1462-2920.14357 · Cited by 87
Diet leaves a genetic signature in a keystone member of the gut microbiota
Dapa, T., Ramiro, R. S., Pedro, M. F., Gordo, I., & Xavier, K. B. (2022) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2022.01.002 · Cited by 91
Changes in bacterial community of soil induced by long-term straw returning
Chen, Y., Xin, L., Liu, J., Yuan, M., Liu, S., Jiang, W., & Chen, J. (2017) · Scientia Agricola · doi:10.1590/1678-992x-2016-0025 · Cited by 92
Bioinformatics for the Human Microbiome Project
Gevers, D., Pop, M., Schloss, P. D., & Huttenhower, C. (2012) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002779 · Cited by 91
“[74].”
A combined meta-barcoding and shotgun metagenomic analysis of spontaneous wine fermentation
Sternes, P. R., Lee, D., Kutyna, D. R., & Borneman, A. R. (2017) · GigaScience · doi:10.1093/gigascience/gix040 · Cited by 91
Effects of dietary Capsicum oleoresin on productivity and immune responses in lactating dairy cows
Oh, J., Giallongo, F., Frederick, T., Pate, J., Walusimbi, S., Elias, R. J., Wall, E. H., Bravo, D., & Hristov, A. N. (2015) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2014-9294 · Cited by 86
Shaping of Intestinal Microbiota in Nlrp6- and Rag2-Deficient Mice Depends on Community Structure
Gálvez, E. J. C., Iljazovic, A., Gronow, A., Flavell, R., & Strowig, T. (2017) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.027 · Cited by 81
Bacterial Dynamics of Wheat Silage
Keshri, J., Chen, Y., Pinto, R., Kroupitski, Y., Weinberg, Z. G., & Sela Saldinger, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01532 · Cited by 82
Microbial embryonal colonization during pipefish male pregnancy
Beemelmanns, A., Poirier, M., Bayer, T., Kuenzel, S., & Roth, O. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37026-3 · Cited by 78
Geographic Differences in Gut Microbiota Composition Impact Susceptibility to Enteric Infection
Porras, A. M., Shi, Q., Zhou, H., Callahan, R., Montenegro-Bethancourt, G., Solomons, N., & Brito, I. L. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109457 · Cited by 74
Liu, T.-W., Park, Y.-M., Holscher, H. D., Padilla, J., Scroggins, R. J., Welly, R., Britton, S. L., Koch, L. G., Vieira-Potter, V. J., & Swanson, K. S. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0136150 · Cited by 78
Maslanik, T., Tannura, K., Mahaffey, L., Loughridge, A. B., Benninson, L., Ursell, L., Greenwood, B. N., Knight, R., & Fleshner, M. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050636 · Cited by 77
Self-citationPietri, J. E., Tiffany, C., & Liang, D. (2018) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0207985 · Cited by 73
Estradiol and high fat diet associate with changes in gut microbiota in female ob/ob mice
Acharya, K. D., Gao, X., Bless, E. P., Chen, J., & Tetel, M. J. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-56723-1 · Cited by 74
Kellingray, L., Tapp, H. S., Saha, S., Doleman, J. F., Narbad, A., & Mithen, R. F. (2017) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201600992 · Cited by 74
Zeng, Y., Zeng, D., Ni, X., Zhu, H., Jian, P., Zhou, Y., Xu, S., Lin, Y., Li, Y., Yin, Z., et al. (2017) · AMB Express · doi:10.1186/s13568-017-0378-1 · Cited by 72
Wang, C., Gong, G., Sheh, A., Muthupalani, S., Bryant, E. M., Puglisi, D. A., Holcombe, H., Conaway, E. A., Parry, N. A. P., Bakthavatchalu, V., et al. (2017) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/mi.2017.9 · Cited by 66
Koopman, J. E., Buijs, M. J., Brandt, B. W., Keijser, B. J. F., Crielaard, W., & Zaura, E. (2016) · Microbial Ecology · doi:10.1007/s00248-016-0775-z · Cited by 66
Yang, X., Yuan, J., Li, N., Franks, A. E., Shentu, J., Luo, Y., Xu, J., & He, Y. (2021) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108210 · Cited by 64
Gill, A. S., Lee, A., & McGuire, K. L. (2017) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.00287-17 · Cited by 62
Zhu, M., Frank, M. W., Radka, C. D., Jeanfavre, S., Xu, J., Tse, M. W., Pacheco, J. A., Kim, J. S., Pierce, K., Deik, A., et al. (2024) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2024.07.029 · Cited by 61
Cooper, D., Kable, M., Marco, M., De Leon, A., Rust, B., Baker, J., Horn, W., Burnett, D., & Keim, N. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9020173 · Cited by 61
The microbiomes and metagenomes of forest biochars
Noyce, G. L., Winsborough, C., Fulthorpe, R., & Basiliko, N. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep26425 · Cited by 60
Drouin, P., Tremblay, J., Renaud, J., & Apper, E. (2021) · MicrobiologyOpen · doi:10.1002/mbo3.1153 · Cited by 60
Liddle, L., Burleigh, M. C., Monaghan, C., Muggeridge, D. J., Sculthorpe, N., Pedlar, C. R., Butcher, J., Henriquez, F. L., & Easton, C. (2019) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2018.12.003 · Cited by 59
Salivary microbiota in individuals with different levels of caries experience
Belstrøm, D., Holmstrup, P., Fiehn, N.-E., Kirkby, N., Kokaras, A., Paster, B. J., & Bardow, A. (2017) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2016.1270614 · Cited by 54
Different Flavonoids Can Shape Unique Gut Microbiota Profile In Vitro
Huang, J., Chen, L., Xue, B., Liu, Q., Ou, S., Wang, Y., & Peng, X. (2016) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/1750-3841.13411 · Cited by 52
Cubillos, C. F., Aguilar, P., Grágeda, M., & Dorador, C. (2018) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences · doi:10.1029/2018jg004621 · Cited by 51
Dietary Habits of 2- to 9-Year-Old American Children Are Associated with Gut Microbiome Composition
Herman, D. R., Rhoades, N., Mercado, J., Argueta, P., Lopez, U., & Flores, G. E. (2020) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.07.024 · Cited by 50
Gamage, H. K. A. H., Tetu, S. G., Chong, R. W. W., Bucio-Noble, D., Rosewarne, C. P., Kautto, L., Ball, M. S., Molloy, M. P., Packer, N. H., & Paulsen, I. T. (2018) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01618 · Cited by 49
DNA synthesis for true random number generation
Meiser, L. C., Koch, J., Antkowiak, P. L., Stark, W. J., Heckel, R., & Grass, R. N. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19757-y · Cited by 45
Riba, A., Hassani, K., Walker, A., van Best, N., von Zeschwitz, D., Anslinger, T., Sillner, N., Rosenhain, S., Eibach, D., Maiga-Ascofaré, O., et al. (2020) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aay7019 · Cited by 45
Bilenduke, E., Sterrett, J. D., Ranby, K. W., Borges, V. F., Grigsby, J., Carr, A. L., Kilbourn, K., & Lowry, C. A. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-23793-7 · Cited by 39
Bray, M. S., Wu, J., Reed, B. C., Kretz, C. B., Belli, K. M., Simister, R. L., Henny, C., Stewart, F. J., DiChristina, T. J., Brandes, J. A., et al. (2017) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/gbi.12239 · Cited by 34
The Impact of Lactobacillus Probiotics on the Gut Microbiota in Children with Short Bowel Syndrome
Piper, H. G., Coughlin, L. A., Hussain, S., Nguyen, V., Channabasappa, N., & Koh, A. Y. (2020) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2020.01.024 · Cited by 31
Identification of oral bacteria on titanium implant surfaces by 16S rDNA sequencing
de Melo, F., do Nascimento, C., Souza, D. O., & de Albuquerque, R. F. (2017) · Clinical Oral Implants Research · doi:10.1111/clr.12865 · Cited by 30
Heděnec, P., Zheng, H., Siqueira, D. P., Peng, Y., Schmidt, I. K., Frøslev, T. G., Kjøller, R., Li, H., Frouz, J., & Vesterdal, L. (2023) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108918 · Cited by 29
Topical cream with live lactobacilli modulates the skin microbiome and reduce acne symptoms
Lebeer, S., Oerlemans, E., Claes, I., Wuyts, S., Henkens, T., Spacova, I., van den Broek, M., Tuyaerts, I., Wittouck, S., De Boeck, I., et al. (2018) · doi:10.1101/463307 · Cited by 29
Giraud, C., Callac, N., Boulo, V., Lam, J.-S., Pham, D., Selmaoui-Folcher, N., & Wabete, N. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.886752 · Cited by 26
Camargo, A. C., Costa, E. A., Fusieger, A., Freitas, R. D., Nero, L. A., & Carvalho, A. F. D. (2021) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109803 · Cited by 27
Wu, H., Van Der Pol, W. J., Dubois, L. G., Morrow, C. D., & Tollefsbol, T. O. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24109015 · Cited by 27
Giraud, C., Callac, N., Beauvais, M., Mailliez, J.-R., Ansquer, D., Selmaoui-Folcher, N., Pham, D., Wabete, N., & Boulo, V. (2021) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.12241 · Cited by 23
Ciardiello, T., Pinto, D., Marotta, L., Giuliani, G., & Rinaldi, F. (2020) · Cosmetics · doi:10.3390/cosmetics7020034 · Cited by 23
Ditching Nutrients: Roadside Drainage Networks are Hotspots for Microbial Nitrogen Removal
Tatariw, C., Mason, O. U., & Mortazavi, B. (2021) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences · doi:10.1029/2020jg006115 · Cited by 21
Mishima, M. D. V., Da Silva, B. P., Gomes, M. J. C., Toledo, R. C. L., Mantovani, H. C., José, V. P. B. D. S., Costa, N. M. B., Tako, E., & Martino, H. S. D. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14224924 · Cited by 23
Gamage, H. K. A. H., Venturini, C., Tetu, S. G., Kabir, M., Nayyar, V., Ginn, A. N., Roychoudhry, B., Thomas, L., Brown, M., Holmes, A., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-85946-4 · Cited by 20
Mäkelä, S. M., Griffin, S. M., Reimari, J., Evans, K. C., Hibberd, A. A., Yeung, N., Ibarra, A., Junnila, J., Turunen, J., Beboso, R., et al. (2023) · Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100673 · Cited by 16
Bioinformatic Methodologies in Assessing Gut Microbiota
Fox, J. D., Sims, A., Ross, M., Bettag, J., Wilder, A., Natrop, D., Borsotti, A., Kolli, S., Mehta, S., Verma, H., et al. (2024) · Microbiology Research · doi:10.3390/microbiolres15040170 · Cited by 15
Zumpf, C., Cacho, J., Grasse, N., Quinn, J., Hampton-Marcell, J., Armstrong, A., Campbell, P., Negri, M. C., & Lee, D. K. (2021) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145674 · Cited by 11
Assessing the Influence of Dietary History on Gut Microbiota
Yang, B., Ye, C., Yan, B., He, X., & Xing, K. (2019) · Current Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00284-018-1616-8 · Cited by 8
Zevin, A. S., Rittmann, B. E., & Krajmalnik-Brown, R. (2016) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2015.11.017 · Cited by 8
Ala‐Jaakkola, R., Forssten, S. D., Cheng, J., Griffon, F., Metreau, I., Sturm, Y., Lecerf, J., Donazzolo, Y., Junnila, J., Nordlund, A., et al. (2025) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.70081 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Caporaso, J. G., Lauber, C. L., Walters, W. A., Berg-Lyons, D., Lozupone, C. A., Turnbaugh, P. J., Fierer, N., & Knight, R.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2010-06-03
- Volume
- 108
- Issue
- supplement_1
- Pages
- 4516-4522
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2080283023
- Cited by
- 9,711
- References
- 7
- FWCI
- 60.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.