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Impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition in reproductive-aged women associated with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and the metabolic syndrome. METHODS A literature search was conducted (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, clinical trial registries and hand-searching) identifying studies reporting prevalence or incidence of IGT, DM2 or metabolic syndrome in women with and without PCOS. Data were presented as odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] with fixed- and random-effects meta-analysis by Mantel-Haenszel methods. Quality testing was based on Newcastle-Ottawa Scaling and The Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias assessment tool. Literature searching, data abstraction and quality appraisal were performed by two investigators. RESULTS A total of 2192 studies were reviewed and 35 were selected for final analysis. Women with PCOS had increased prevalence of IGT (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.63, 3.77; BMI-matched studies OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.44, 4.47), DM2 (OR 4.43, 95% CI 4.06, 4.82; BMI-matched studies OR 4.00, 95% CI 1.97, 8.10) and metabolic syndrome (OR 2.88, 95% CI 2.40, 3.45; BMI-matched studies OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.36, 3.56). One study assessed IGT/DM2 incidence and reported no significant differences in DM2 incidence (OR 2.07, 95% CI 0.68, 6.30). One study assessed conversion from normal glucose tolerance to IGT/DM2 (OR 2.4, 95% CI 0.7, 8.0). No studies reported metabolic syndrome incidence. CONCLUSIONS Women with PCOS had an elevated prevalence of IGT, DM2 and metabolic syndrome in both BMI and non-BMI-matched studies. Few studies have determined IGT/DM2 or metabolic syndrome incidence in women with and without PCOS and further research is required.
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“In our study and in other reports, those with PCOS are scarcely informed about cardiometabolic risk factors and long-term morbidity risk including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, pre-diabetes, diabetes and cardiovascular disease [71–73].”
From Challenges in diagnosis and health care in polycystic ovary syndrome in Canada: a patient view to improve health care (2023) · cites this paper as [72]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“metabolic challenges most notable after this”
From Assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: Summary of an evidence-based guideline (2011) · cites this paper as [11]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
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“Presentation varies across the life span.”
From Assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: Summary of an evidence-based guideline (2011) · cites this paper as [11]
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“PCOS is linked with increased prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors, including dyslipidemia [10,11,12,13], hypertension [13,14,15], chronic inflammation, and impaired glucose tolerance [16,17], as well as overweight and obesity [18,19].”
From Moving beyond Weight: A Narrative Review of the Dietary and Lifestyle Management for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2023) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“One relatively consistent finding is that obesity exacerbates the symptoms of PCOS, especially regarding the risk for development of T2D and the metabolic syndrome [76].”
From Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Presentation, and Treatment With Emphasis on Adolescent Girls (2019) · cites this paper as [76]
In the citing paper
“fertility issues most prominent among women in their 20s and 30s”
From Assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: Summary of an evidence-based guideline (2011) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Metabolic features of PCOS include an apparent propensity for excess weight gain, an increased prevalence of prediabetes and DM2, a 5-10-fold risk of progression from prediabetes to DM2 and a 4-7-fold risk of DM2. 11”
From Assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: Summary of an evidence-based guideline (2011) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Metabolic features of PCOS include an apparent propensity for excess weight gain, an increased prevalence of prediabetes and DM2, a 5-10-fold risk of progression from prediabetes to DM2 and a 4-7-fold risk of DM2. 11”
From Assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: Summary of an evidence-based guideline (2011) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Metabolic features of PCOS include an apparent propensity for excess weight gain, an increased prevalence of prediabetes and DM2, a 5-10-fold risk of progression from prediabetes to DM2 and a 4-7-fold risk of DM2. 11”
From Assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: Summary of an evidence-based guideline (2011) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Metabolic features of PCOS include an apparent propensity for excess weight gain, an increased prevalence of prediabetes and DM2, a 5-10-fold risk of progression from prediabetes to DM2 and a 4-7-fold risk of DM2. 11”
From Assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: Summary of an evidence-based guideline (2011) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Women with PCOS have increased Finnish Diabetes Risk Scores as well as increased risk of gestational diabetes, 24 prediabetes and DM2 11,103 - independent of, but exacerbated by, obesity.”
From Assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: Summary of an evidence-based guideline (2011) · cites this paper as [11]
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Moran, L. J., Misso, M. L., Wild, R. A., & Norman, R. J.
- Affiliations
- Jean Hailes (AU)
- Monash University (AU)
- OU Health (US)
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Moran, Lisa J.
- Venue
- Human Reproduction Update
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 347-363
- ISSN
- 1355-4786 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2369
- OpenAlex
- W2101316067
- Cited by
- 1,108
- References
- 128
- Citations by year
- 2026: 64 · 2025: 78 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 80 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 84 · 2018: 83 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 78 · 2015: 84 · 2014: 82 · 2013: 55 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 6.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human Reproduction Update (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, prevalence, incidence, body mass index, women's health
- MeSH terms
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, United States, Body Mass Index, Incidence, Prevalence, Glucose Intolerance, Metabolic Syndrome
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