Nucleus accumbens dopamine and the regulation of effort in food-seeking behavior: implications for studies of natural motivation, psychiatry, and drug abuse
Abstract
For several decades, it has been suggested that dopamine (DA), especially in nucleus accumbens, mediates the primary reinforcing characteristics of natural stimuli such as food, as well as drugs of abuse. Yet, several fundamental aspects of primary food reinforcement, motivation, and appetite are left intact after interference with accumbens DA transmission. Recent studies have shown that accumbens DA is involved in responsiveness to conditioned stimuli and activational aspects of motivation. In concurrent choice tasks, accumbens DA depletions cause animals to reallocate their choice behavior in the direction of instrumental behaviors that involve less effort. Also, an emerging body of evidence has demonstrated that the effects of accumbens DA depletions on instrumental food-seeking behavior can vary greatly depending upon the task. For example, some schedules of reinforcement are insensitive to the effects of DA depletions, whereas others are highly sensitive (e.g., large fixed ratios). Accumbens DA depletions slow the rate of operant responding, blunt the rate-facilitating effects of moderate-sized ratios, and enhance the rate-suppressing effects of very large ratios (i.e., produce ratio strain). Accumbens DA may be important for enabling rats to overcome behavioral constraints, such as work-related response costs, and may be critical for the behavioral organization and conditioning processes that enable animals to engage in vigorous responses, such as barrier climbing, or to emit large numbers of responses in ratio schedules in the absence of primary reinforcement. The involvement of accumbens DA in activational aspects of motivation has implications for energy-related disorders in psychiatry, as well as aspects of drug-seeking behavior.
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Nucleus accumbens dopamine is involved in energizing animals performing instrumental tasks.
“Salamone and his colleagues (Salamone and Correa, 2002; Salamone et al., 2003) have suggested that nucleus accumbens dopamine is involved in energizing animals performing instrumental tasks.”
From Dopamine reward circuitry: Two projection systems from the ventral midbrain to the nucleus accumbens–olfactory tubercle complex (2007) · cites this paper as Salamone et al., 2003
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Malik, S., Jacobs, M., Cho, S.-S., Boileau, I., Blumberger, D., Heilig, M., Wilson, A., Daskalakis, Z. J., Strafella, A. P., Zangen, A., et al. (2018) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-017-9800-1 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Empirical validation of a touchscreen probabilistic reward task in rats
Kangas, B. D., Wooldridge, L. M., Luc, O. T., Bergman, J., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-00969-1 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Dopamine, effort, and decision making: Theoretical comment on Bardgett et al. (2009).
Salamone, J. D. (2009) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/a0015381 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationPalomo, T., Beninger, R. J., Kostrzewa, R. M., & Archer, T. (2008) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/bf03033807 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Narayanaswamy, J. C., Jose, D., Kalmady, S., Venkatasubramanian, G., & Reddy, Y. J. (2013) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867413491153 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Salamone, J. D., Correa, M., Mingote, S., & Weber, S. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Connecticut (US)
- Universitat Jaume I (ES)
- Venue
- The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-04
- Volume
- 305
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-8
- ISSN
- 0022-3565 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2055018246
- Cited by
- 433
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 10.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- nucleus accumbens, dopamine, food-seeking behavior, effort, motivation, natural reinforcement, food reinforcement, drug abuse, operant responding, appetite
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Dopamine, Humans, Motivation, Nucleus Accumbens, Psychiatry, Reward, Substance-Related Disorders
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