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Biochemistry of Nitric Oxide and Its Redox-Activated Forms
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO.), a potentially toxic molecule, has been implicated in a wide range of biological functions. Details of its biochemistry, however, remain poorly understood. The broader chemistry of nitrogen monoxide (NO) involves a redox array of species with distinctive properties and reactivities: NO+ (nitrosonium), NO., and NO- (nitroxyl anion). The integration of this chemistry with current perspectives of NO biology illuminates many aspects of NO biochemistry, including the enzymatic mechanism of synthesis, the mode of transport and targeting in biological systems, the means by which its toxicity is mitigated, and the function-regulating interaction with target proteins.
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“While increased iNOS expression leads to the proinflammatory effects of NO, generation of NO by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays a crucial role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis by favorably modulating blood pressure and reducing endothelial dysfunction.”
From Berries: emerging impact on cardiovascular health (2010) · cites this paper as [66]
In the citing paper
“Nitric oxide (NO), when formed through activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), has proinflammatory effects, leading to increased vascular permeability, induction of inflammatory cytokines, and the formation of peroxynitrite, a strong oxidizing agent.”
From Berries: emerging impact on cardiovascular health (2010) · cites this paper as [66]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Stamler, J. S., Singel, D. J., & Loscalzo, J.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1992-12-18
- Volume
- 258
- Issue
- 5090
- Pages
- 1898-1902
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2019814232
- Cited by
- 2,744
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 67 · 2012: 58
- FWCI
- 17.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hl040411-02, 5r01hl043344-04)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL43344, HL-40411)
- National Center for Research Resources (RRO4870)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Hemoglobin structure and function
- Keywords
- nitric oxide, nitrosonium, nitric oxide transport, nitric oxide toxicity
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Oxidoreductases, Animals, Arginine, Humans, Nitric Oxide, Oxidation-Reduction, Nitric Oxide Synthase
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