The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Analysis of Fractalkine Receptor CX3CR1 Function by Targeted Deletion and Green Fluorescent Protein Reporter Gene Insertion
Open accessAbstract
The seven-transmembrane receptor CX(3)CR1 is a specific receptor for the novel CX(3)C chemokine fractalkine (FKN) (neurotactin). In vitro data suggest that membrane anchoring of FKN, and the existence of a shed, soluble FKN isoform allow for both adhesive and chemoattractive properties. Expression on activated endothelium and neurons defines FKN as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory conditions, particularly central nervous system diseases. To investigate the physiological function of CX(3)CR1-FKN interactions, we generated a mouse strain in which the CX(3)CR1 gene was replaced by a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene. In addition to the creation of a mutant CX(3)CR1 locus, this approach enabled us to assign murine CX(3)CR1 expression to monocytes, subsets of NK and dendritic cells, and the brain microglia. Analysis of CX(3)CR1-deficient mice indicates that CX(3)CR1 is the only murine FKN receptor. Yet, defying anticipated FKN functions, absence of CX(3)CR1 interferes neither with monocyte extravasation in a peritonitis model nor with DC migration and differentiation in response to microbial antigens or contact sensitizers. Furthermore, a prominent response of CX(3)CR1-deficient microglia to peripheral nerve injury indicates unimpaired neuronal-glial cross talk in the absence of CX(3)CR1.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“Cx3cr1-CreERT2 developed by Jung et al. (2000) was reported to drive microglia-specific expression.”
From Targeting Microglia Using Cx3cr1-Cre Lines: Revisiting the Specificity (2019) · cites this paper as Jung et al. (2000)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“The inducible Cx3cr1-CreERT2 line developed by Jung et al. (2000), displayed some basal cre activity without tamoxifen treatment, but this expression was restricted to microglia.”
From Targeting Microglia Using Cx3cr1-Cre Lines: Revisiting the Specificity (2019) · cites this paper as Jung et al. (2000)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“The inducible Cx3cr1-CreERT2 line developed by Jung et al. (2000), displayed some basal cre activity without tamoxifen treatment, but this expression was restricted to microglia.”
From Targeting Microglia Using Cx3cr1-Cre Lines: Revisiting the Specificity (2019) · cites this paper as Jung et al. (2000)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“According to the description on The Jackson Laboratory website, the constitutive Cx3cr1-Cre line created by Jung et al. (2000), displays leakiness into neurons when crossed with a yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) reporter line.”
From Targeting Microglia Using Cx3cr1-Cre Lines: Revisiting the Specificity (2019) · cites this paper as Jung et al. (2000)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“Thus, the cre activity in this line is not fully dependent on tamoxifen.”
From Targeting Microglia Using Cx3cr1-Cre Lines: Revisiting the Specificity (2019) · cites this paper as Jung et al. (2000)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“The partial tamoxifen-independent cre activity observed in the Cx3cr1-CreERT2 line developed by Jung et al. (2000), indicates potential embryonic deletion of TSC1 in a fraction”
From Targeting Microglia Using Cx3cr1-Cre Lines: Revisiting the Specificity (2019) · cites this paper as Jung et al. (2000)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Microglia were labeled using the CX3CR1+/GFP mouse line in which all microglia express EGFP under the control of fractalkine receptor, CX3CR1, expression (Figure 1, S1, and S5) (Cardona et al., 2006; Jung et al., 2000; Saederup et al., 2010).”
From Microglia Sculpt Postnatal Neural Circuits in an Activity and Complement-Dependent Manner (2012) · cites this paper as Jung et al., 2000
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“CX3CR1 is exclusively expressed by microglia within the brain”
From CX3CR1 Deficiency Alters Microglial Activation and Reduces Beta-Amyloid Deposition in Two Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Models (2010) · cites this paper as [15]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“If the YFP reporter line has no spontaneous leakiness, then the constitutive Cx3cr1-Cre line developed by Jung et al. (2000), and which is now available at The Jackson Laboratory, is not microglia specific.”
From Targeting Microglia Using Cx3cr1-Cre Lines: Revisiting the Specificity (2019) · cites this paper as Jung et al. (2000)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The YFP reporter line was used to verify two inducible Cx3cr1-CreERT2 lines (Jung et al., 2000; Parkhurst et al., 2013).”
From Targeting Microglia Using Cx3cr1-Cre Lines: Revisiting the Specificity (2019) · cites this paper as Jung et al., 2000
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Nevertheless, tamoxifen treatment led to broad expression of GFP reporter in microglia, without significant leakage into neurons.”
From Targeting Microglia Using Cx3cr1-Cre Lines: Revisiting the Specificity (2019) · cites this paper as Jung et al. (2000)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In Cx3Cr1‐eGFP mice, GFP is expressed by CNS‐resident macrophages (Jung et al. 2000), which, as noted above, are predominantly represented by microglia (Zhao et al. 2023).”
From Depletion of Microglia Increases Cortical Oligodendrocyte Density During Remyelination (2026) · cites this paper as Jung et al. 2000
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“the P2ry12 signal co-localized on CX3CR1GFP microglia in which GFP is expressed in resident microglia17,23 (Fig. 4e).”
From Identification of a unique TGF-β–dependent molecular and functional signature in microglia (2014) · cites this paper as [23]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Escape behavior is considered to be an active defensive response dependent on increased PVN-CRH+ neuron activity20.”
From Constitutive expression of CX3CR1-BAC-Cre introduces minimal off-target effects in microglia (2026) · cites this paper as [20]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The looming-shadow threat task assesses a mouse’s response to a predator-like threat20.”
From Constitutive expression of CX3CR1-BAC-Cre introduces minimal off-target effects in microglia (2026) · cites this paper as [20]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“No leakiness was reported in those studies.”
From Targeting Microglia Using Cx3cr1-Cre Lines: Revisiting the Specificity (2019) · cites this paper as Jung et al., 2000
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“which may explain the differences in seizure susceptibility observed in these two studies (Jung et al., 2000; Zhang et al., 2018; Zhao et al., 2018).”
From Targeting Microglia Using Cx3cr1-Cre Lines: Revisiting the Specificity (2019) · cites this paper as Jung et al., 2000
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Notably, myeloid priming occurs in cells which express the TFs PU.1 and/or C/EBPα32.”
From Single-cell analysis of mixed-lineage states leading to a binary cell fate choice (2016) · cites this paper as [32]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Microglia: a sensor for pathological events in the CNS
Kreutzberg, G. W. (1996) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(96)10049-7 · Cited by 4,396
Self-citationLymphocyte Homing and Homeostasis
Butcher, E. C., & Picker, L. J. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.272.5258.60 · Cited by 2,846
A new class of membrane-bound chemokine with a CX3C motif
Bazan, J. F., Bacon, K. B., Hardiman, G., Wang, W., Soo, K., Rossi, D., Greaves, D. R., Zlotnik, A., & Schall, T. J. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/385640a0 · Cited by 2,013
Imai, T., Hieshima, K., Haskell, C. A., Baba, M., Nagira, M., Nishimura, M., Kakizaki, M., Takagi, S., Nomiyama, H., Schall, T. J., et al. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80438-9 · Cited by 1,472
Harrison, J. K., Jiang, Y., Chen, S., Xia, Y., Maciejewski, D., McNamara, R. K., Streit, W. J., Salafranca, M. N., Adhikari, S., Thompson, D. A., et al. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.18.10896 · Cited by 1,176
Chemokines and the Arrest of Lymphocytes Rolling Under Flow Conditions
Campbell, J. J., Hedrick, J. A., Zlotnik, A., Siani, M. A., Thompson, D. A., & Butcher, E. C. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.279.5349.381 · Cited by 1,002
Sousa, C. R. E., Hieny, S. E., Scharton‐Kersten, T., Jankovic, D. L., Charest, H., Germain, R. N., & Sher, A. (1997) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.186.11.1819 · Cited by 911
Self-citationFong, A. M., Robinson, L. A., Steeber, D. A., Tedder, T. F., Yoshie, O., Imai, T., & Patel, D. D. (1998) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.188.8.1413 · Cited by 696
Neurotactin, a membrane-anchored chemokine upregulated in brain inflammation
Pan, Y., Lloyd, C. M., Zhou, H., Dolich, S., Deeds, J., Gonzalo, J.-Á., Vath, J., Gosselin, M., Ma, J., Dussault, B. J., et al. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/42491 · Cited by 643
Dendritic cells in the T‐cell areas of lymphoid organs
Steinman, R. M., Pack, M., & Inaba, K. (1997) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1997.tb00956.x · Cited by 550
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo
Nimmerjahn, A., Kirchhoff, F., & Helmchen, F. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110647 · Cited by 5,827
Fate Mapping Analysis Reveals That Adult Microglia Derive from Primitive Macrophages
Ginhoux, F., Greter, M., Leboeuf, M., Nandi, S., See, P., Gokhan, S., Mehler, M. F., Conway, S. J., Ng, L. G., Stanley, E. R., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1194637 · Cited by 5,175
Synaptic Pruning by Microglia Is Necessary for Normal Brain Development
Paolicelli, R. C., Bolasco, G., Pagani, F., Maggi, L., Scianni, M., Panzanelli, P., Giustetto, M., Ferreira, T. A., Guiducci, E., Dumas, L., et al. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1202529 · Cited by 4,244
Microglia Sculpt Postnatal Neural Circuits in an Activity and Complement-Dependent Manner
Schafer, D. P., Lehrman, E. K., Kautzman, A. G., Koyama, R., Mardinly, A. R., Yamasaki, R., Ransohoff, R. M., Greenberg, M. E., Barres, B. A., & Stevens, B. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.03.026 · Cited by 4,089
“Microglia were labeled using the CX3CR1+/GFP mouse line in which all microglia express EGFP under the control of fractalkine receptor, CX3CR1, expression (Figure 1 and see Figures S1 and S5 available online; Cardona et al., 2006; Jung et al., 2000; Saederup et al., 2010).”
ATP mediates rapid microglial response to local brain injury in vivo
Davalos, D., Grutzendler, J., Yang, G., Kim, J. V., Zuo, Y., Jung, S., Littman, D. R., Dustin, M. L., & Gan, W.-B. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1472 · Cited by 3,913
Self-citationKettenmann, H., Hanisch, U.-K., Noda, M., & Verkhratsky, A. (2011) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00011.2010 · Cited by 3,547
Fate Mapping Reveals Origins and Dynamics of Monocytes and Tissue Macrophages under Homeostasis
Yona, S., Kim, K.-W., Wolf, Y., Mildner, A., Varol, D., Breker, M., Strauss-Ayali, D., Viukov, S., Guilliams, M., Misharin, A., et al. (2013) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.12.001 · Cited by 3,245
Self-citationMicroglia Function in the Central Nervous System During Health and Neurodegeneration
Colonna, M., & Butovsky, O. (2017) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052358 · Cited by 2,894
Microglia promote learning-dependent synapse formation through brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Parkhurst, C. N., Yang, G., Ninan, I., Savas, J. N., Yates, J. R., Lafaille, J. J., Hempstead, B. L., Littman, D. R., & Gan, W.-B. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.11.030 · Cited by 2,599
Self-citationIdentification of a unique TGF-β–dependent molecular and functional signature in microglia
Butovsky, O., Jedrychowski, M. P., Moore, C. S., Cialic, R., Lanser, A. J., Gabriely, G., Koeglsperger, T., Dake, B., Wu, P. M., Doykan, C. E., et al. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3599 · Cited by 2,543
Inflammation as a central mechanism in Alzheimer's disease
Kinney, J. W., Bemiller, S. M., Murtishaw, A. S., Leisgang, A. M., Salazar, A. M., & Lamb, B. T. (2018) · Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.trci.2018.06.014 · Cited by 2,253
“[174] Jung S, Aliberti J, Graemmel P, Sunshine MJ, Kreutzberg GW, Sher A, et al.”
BackgroundNew tools for studying microglia in the mouse and human CNS
Bennett, M. L., Bennett, F. C., Liddelow, S. A., Ajami, B., Zamanian, J. L., Fernhoff, N. B., Mulinyawe, S. B., Bohlen, C. J., Adil, A., Tucker, A., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1525528113 · Cited by 1,804
Monocytes and macrophages: developmental pathways and tissue homeostasis
Ginhoux, F., & Jung, S. (2014) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3671 · Cited by 1,840
Self-citationMicroglia in neurodegeneration
Hickman, S., Izzy, S., Sen, P., Morsett, L., & El Khoury, J. (2018) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0242-x · Cited by 1,710
Origin and functions of tissue macrophages
Epelman, S., Lavine, K. J., & Randolph, G. J. (2014) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2014.06.013 · Cited by 1,585
The P2Y12 receptor regulates microglial activation by extracellular nucleotides
Haynes, S. E., Hollopeter, G., Yang, G., Kurpius, D., Dailey, M. E., Gan, W.-B., & Julius, D. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1805 · Cited by 1,542
Microglial interactions with synapses are modulated by visual experience
Tremblay, M.-È., Lowery, R. L., & Majewska, A. K. (2010) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000527 · Cited by 1,542
Control of microglial neurotoxicity by the fractalkine receptor
Cardona, A. E., Pioro, E. P., Sasse, M. E., Kostenko, V., Cardona, S. M., Dijkstra, I. M., Huang, D., Kidd, G., Dombrowski, S., Dutta, R., et al. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1715 · Cited by 1,531
Self-citationMicroglia Biology: One Century of Evolving Concepts
Prinz, M., Jung, S., & Priller, J. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.053 · Cited by 1,525
Self-citationMicroglia emerge from erythromyeloid precursors via Pu.1- and Irf8-dependent pathways
Kierdorf, K., Erny, D., Goldmann, T., Sander, V., Schulz, C., Perdiguero, E. G., Wieghofer, P., Heinrich, A., Riemke, P., Hölscher, C., et al. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3318 · Cited by 1,457
Revisiting Cardiac Cellular Composition
Pinto, A. R., Ilinykh, A., Ivey, M. J., Kuwabara, J. T., D’Antoni, M. L., Debuque, R., Chandran, A., Wang, L., Arora, K., Rosenthal, N. A., et al. (2016) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.115.307778 · Cited by 1,400
Gosselin, D., Link, V. M., Romanoski, C. E., Fonseca, G. J., Eichenfield, D. Z., Spann, N. J., Stender, J. D., Chun, H. B., Garner, H., Geissmann, F., et al. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.11.023 · Cited by 1,307
Microglia development follows a stepwise program to regulate brain homeostasis
Matcovitch-Natan, O., Winter, D. R., Giladi, A., Vargas Aguilar, S., Spinrad, A., Sarrazin, S., Ben-Yehuda, H., David, E., Zelada González, F., Perrin, P., et al. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aad8670 · Cited by 1,180
Bain, C. C., Bravo-Blas, A., Scott, C. L., Gomez Perdiguero, E., Geissmann, F., Henri, S., Malissen, B., Osborne, L. C., Artis, D., & Mowat, A. M. (2014) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2967 · Cited by 1,178
Microglia: new roles for the synaptic stripper
Kettenmann, H., Kirchhoff, F., & Verkhratsky, A. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.12.023 · Cited by 1,173
Chakarov, S., Lim, H. Y., Tan, L., Lim, S. Y., See, P., Lum, J., Zhang, X.-M., Foo, S., Nakamizo, S., Duan, K., et al. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aau0964 · Cited by 1,114
Microglia in the adult brain arise from Ly-6ChiCCR2+ monocytes only under defined host conditions
Mildner, A., Schmidt, H., Nitsche, M., Merkler, D., Hanisch, U.-K., Mack, M., Heikenwalder, M., Brück, W., Priller, J., & Prinz, M. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn2015 · Cited by 1,089
Infiltrating monocytes trigger EAE progression, but do not contribute to the resident microglia pool
Ajami, B., Bennett, J. L., Krieger, C., McNagny, K. M., & Rossi, F. M. V. (2011) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2887 · Cited by 1,061
The Role of Microglia in the Healthy Brain: Figure 1.
Tremblay, M.-È., Stevens, B., Sierra, A., Wake, H., Bessis, A., & Nimmerjahn, A. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4158-11.2011 · Cited by 992
Rapid appearance and local toxicity of amyloid-β plaques in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Meyer-Luehmann, M., Spires-Jones, T. L., Prada, C., Garcia-Alloza, M., de Calignon, A., Rozkalne, A., Koenigsknecht-Talboo, J., Holtzman, D. M., Bacskai, B. J., & Hyman, B. T. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06616 · Cited by 987
Macrophages: Development and Tissue Specialization
Varol, C., Mildner, A., & Jung, S. (2015) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-032414-112220 · Cited by 962
Self-citationMacrophages in intestinal inflammation and resolution: a potential therapeutic target in IBD
Na, Y. R., Stakenborg, M., Seok, S. H., & Matteoli, G. (2019) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-019-0172-4 · Cited by 900
Dual microglia effects on blood brain barrier permeability induced by systemic inflammation
Haruwaka, K., Ikegami, A., Tachibana, Y., Ohno, N., Konishi, H., Hashimoto, A., Matsumoto, M., Kato, D., Ono, R., Kiyama, H., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13812-z · Cited by 923
Differential roles of microglia and monocytes in the inflamed central nervous system
Yamasaki, R., Lu, H., Butovsky, O., Ohno, N., Rietsch, A. M., Cialic, R., Wu, P. M., Doykan, C. E., Lin, J., Cotleur, A. C., et al. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20132477 · Cited by 856
The myeloid cells of the central nervous system parenchyma
Ransohoff, R. M., & Cardona, A. E. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09615 · Cited by 804
Microglia remodel synapses by presynaptic trogocytosis and spine head filopodia induction
Weinhard, L., di Bartolomei, G., Bolasco, G., Machado, P., Schieber, N. L., Neniskyte, U., Exiga, M., Vadisiute, A., Raggioli, A., Schertel, A., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03566-5 · Cited by 790
Sulforhodamine 101 as a specific marker of astroglia in the neocortex in vivo
Nimmerjahn, A., Kirchhoff, F., Kerr, J. N. D., & Helmchen, F. (2004) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth706 · Cited by 784
Layer V cortical neurons require microglial support for survival during postnatal development
Ueno, M., Fujita, Y., Tanaka, T., Nakamura, Y., Kikuta, J., Ishii, M., & Yamashita, T. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3358 · Cited by 781
Shechter, R., London, A., Varol, C., Raposo, C., Cusimano, M., Yovel, G., Rolls, A., Mack, M., Pluchino, S., Martino, G., et al. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000113 · Cited by 770
Self-citationA Network of Macrophages Supports Mitochondrial Homeostasis in the Heart
Nicolás-Ávila, J. A., Lechuga-Vieco, A. V., Esteban-Martínez, L., Sánchez-Díaz, M., Díaz-García, E., Santiago, D. J., Rubio-Ponce, A., Li, J. L., Balachander, A., Quintana, J. A., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.031 · Cited by 762
Pombo Antunes, A. R., Scheyltjens, I., Lodi, F., Messiaen, J., Antoranz, A., Duerinck, J., Kancheva, D., Martens, L., De Vlaminck, K., Van Hove, H., et al. (2021) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-020-00789-y · Cited by 704
A new type of microglia gene targeting shows TAK1 to be pivotal in CNS autoimmune inflammation
Goldmann, T., Wieghofer, P., Müller, P. F., Wolf, Y., Varol, D., Yona, S., Brendecke, S. M., Kierdorf, K., Staszewski, O., Datta, M., et al. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3531 · Cited by 688
Self-citationRegulation of Tau Pathology by the Microglial Fractalkine Receptor
Bhaskar, K., Konerth, M., Kokiko-Cochran, O. N., Cardona, A., Ransohoff, R. M., & Lamb, B. T. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.08.023 · Cited by 639
“, 2006) as well as others (Jung et al., 2000) demonstrated that CX3CR1 deficiency alone does not lead to acute microglial activation or neurodegeneration.”
Microglia: Dynamic Mediators of Synapse Development and Plasticity
Wu, Y., Dissing-Olesen, L., MacVicar, B. A., & Stevens, B. (2015) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2015.08.008 · Cited by 661
Kreisel, T., Frank, M. G., Licht, T., Reshef, R., Ben-Menachem-Zidon, O., Baratta, M. V., Maier, S. F., & Yirmiya, R. (2014) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2013.155 · Cited by 663
Vainchtein, I. D., Chin, G., Cho, F. S., Kelley, K. W., Miller, J. G., Chien, E. C., Liddelow, S. A., Nguyen, P. T., Nakao-Inoue, H., Dorman, L. C., et al. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aal3589 · Cited by 657
Combadière, C., Feumi, C., Raoul, W., Keller, N., Rodéro, M., Pézard, A., Lavalette, S., Houssier, M., Jonet, L., Picard, E., et al. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci31692 · Cited by 618
Sall1 is a transcriptional regulator defining microglia identity and function
Buttgereit, A., Lelios, I., Yu, X., Vrohlings, M., Krakoski, N. R., Gautier, E. L., Nishinakamura, R., Becher, B., & Greter, M. (2016) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.3585 · Cited by 570
Gerlach, C., Moseman, E. A., Loughhead, S. M., Alvarez, D., Zwijnenburg, A. J., Waanders, L., Garg, R., de la Torre, J. C., & von Andrian, U. H. (2016) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2016.10.018 · Cited by 567
Microglia and Central Nervous System–Associated Macrophages—From Origin to Disease Modulation
Prinz, M., Masuda, T., Wheeler, M. A., & Quintana, F. J. (2021) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-093019-110159 · Cited by 584
Age-related myelin degradation burdens the clearance function of microglia during aging
Safaiyan, S., Kannaiyan, N., Snaidero, N., Brioschi, S., Biber, K., Yona, S., Edinger, A. L., Jung, S., Rossner, M. J., & Simons, M. (2016) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4325 · Cited by 604
Self-citationTAM receptors regulate multiple features of microglial physiology
Fourgeaud, L., Través, P. G., Tufail, Y., Leal-Bailey, H., Lew, E. D., Burrola, P. G., Callaway, P., Zagórska, A., Rothlin, C. V., Nimmerjahn, A., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature17630 · Cited by 600
Saederup, N., Cardona, A. E., Croft, K., Mizutani, M., Cotleur, A. C., Tsou, C.-L., Ransohoff, R. M., & Charo, I. F. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013693 · Cited by 599
Hagemeyer, N., Hanft, K.-M., Akriditou, M.-A., Unger, N., Park, E. S., Stanley, E. R., Staszewski, O., Dimou, L., & Prinz, M. (2017) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-017-1747-1 · Cited by 558
A new fate mapping system reveals context-dependent random or clonal expansion of microglia
Tay, T. L., Mai, D., Dautzenberg, J., Fernández-Klett, F., Lin, G., Sagar, Datta, M., Drougard, A., Stempfl, T., Ardura-Fabregat, A., et al. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4547 · Cited by 597
Self-citationMaphis, N., Xu, G., Kokiko-Cochran, O. N., Jiang, S., Cardona, A., Ransohoff, R. M., Lamb, B. T., & Bhaskar, K. (2015) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awv081 · Cited by 595
Transcranial amelioration of inflammation and cell death after brain injury.
Roth, T. L., Nayak, D., Atanasijevic, T., Koretsky, A. P., Latour, L. L., & McGavern, D. B. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12808 · Cited by 574
The “quad‐partite” synapse: Microglia‐synapse interactions in the developing and mature CNS
Schafer, D. P., Lehrman, E. K., & Stevens, B. (2013) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.22389 · Cited by 570
Davalos, D., Kyu Ryu, J., Merlini, M., Baeten, K. M., Le Moan, N., Petersen, M. A., Deerinck, T. J., Smirnoff, D. S., Bedard, C., Hakozaki, H., et al. (2012) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms2230 · Cited by 568
The trafficking of natural killer cells
Grégoire, C., Chasson, L., Luci, C., Tomasello, E., Geissmann, F., Vivier, E., & Walzer, T. (2007) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.2007.00563.x · Cited by 569
Microglial Cx3cr1 knockout prevents neuron loss in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Fuhrmann, M., Bittner, T., Jung, C. K. E., Burgold, S., Page, R. M., Mitteregger, G., Haass, C., LaFerla, F. M., Kretzschmar, H., & Herms, J. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2511 · Cited by 562
Huang, Y., Xu, Z., Xiong, S., Sun, F., Qin, G., Hu, G., Wang, J., Zhao, L., Liang, Y.-X., Wu, T., et al. (2018) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0090-8 · Cited by 560
The Indispensable Roles of Microglia and Astrocytes during Brain Development
Reemst, K., Noctor, S. C., Lucassen, P. J., & Hol, E. M. (2016) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00566 · Cited by 516
Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition)
Cossarizza, A., Chang, H., Radbruch, A., Abrignani, S., Addo, R., Akdis, M., Andrä, I., Andreata, F., Annunziato, F., Arranz, E., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.202170126 · Cited by 531
Age-related alterations in the dynamic behavior of microglia
Damani, M. R., Zhao, L., Fontainhas, A. M., Amaral, J., Fariss, R. N., & Wong, W. T. (2011) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00660.x · Cited by 504
Lee, S., Varvel, N. H., Konerth, M. E., Xu, G., Cardona, A. E., Ransohoff, R. M., & Lamb, B. T. (2010) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath.2010.100265 · Cited by 522
Sphingosine-1-phosphate mobilizes osteoclast precursors and regulates bone homeostasis
Ishii, M., Egen, J. G., Klauschen, F., Meier-Schellersheim, M., Saeki, Y., Vacher, J., Proia, R. L., & Germain, R. N. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07713 · Cited by 515
Eyo, U. B., Peng, J., Swiatkowski, P., Mukherjee, A., Bispo, A., & Wu, L.-J. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0416-14.2014 · Cited by 509
Microglial P2Y12 is necessary for synaptic plasticity in mouse visual cortex
Sipe, G. O., Lowery, Tremblay, M.-È., Kelly, E. A., Lamantia, C. E., & Majewska, A. K. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms10905 · Cited by 512
A role for TREM2 ligands in the phagocytosis of apoptotic neuronal cells by microglia
Hsieh, C. L., Koike, M., Spusta, S. C., Niemi, E. C., Yenari, M., Nakamura, M. C., & Seaman, W. E. (2009) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06042.x · Cited by 475
Baruch, K., Rosenzweig, N., Kertser, A., Deczkowska, A., Sharif, A. M., Spinrad, A., Tsitsou-Kampeli, A., Sarel, A., Cahalon, L., & Schwartz, M. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms8967 · Cited by 491
Decreased atherosclerosis in CX3CR1–/– mice reveals a role for fractalkine in atherogenesis
Lesnik, P., Haskell, C. A., & Charo, I. F. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci15555 · Cited by 487
Blériot, C., Dupuis, T., Jouvion, G., Eberl, G., Disson, O., & Lecuit, M. (2015) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2014.12.020 · Cited by 471
Krabbe, G., Halle, A., Matyash, V., Rinnenthal, J. L., Eom, G. D., Bernhardt, U., Miller, K. R., Prokop, S., Kettenmann, H., & Heppner, F. L. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060921 · Cited by 478
“1A and B and Videos S1 and S2), which were obtained by crossbreeding APPPS1 mice, a mouse model of cerebral amyloidosis [21] with Cx3cr1 mice [23], a mouse model that allows visualization of microglia.”
MethodMicroglia use TAM receptors to detect and engulf amyloid β plaques
Huang, Y., Happonen, K. E., Burrola, P. G., O’Connor, C., Hah, N., Huang, L., Nimmerjahn, A., & Lemke, G. (2021) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-021-00913-5 · Cited by 483
Valdearcos, M., Douglass, J. D., Robblee, M. M., Dorfman, M. D., Stifler, D. R., Bennett, M. L., Gerritse, I., Fasnacht, R., Barres, B. A., Thaler, J. P., et al. (2017) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.05.015 · Cited by 477
Single-cell analysis of mixed-lineage states leading to a binary cell fate choice
Olsson, A., Venkatasubramanian, M., Chaudhri, V. K., Aronow, B. J., Salomonis, N., Singh, H., & Grimes, H. L. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature19348 · Cited by 476
Programs for the persistence, vigilance and control of human CD8+ lung-resident memory T cells
Hombrink, P., Helbig, C., Backer, R. A., Piet, B., Oja, A. E., Stark, R., Brasser, G., Jongejan, A., Jonkers, R. E., Nota, B., et al. (2016) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.3589 · Cited by 455
Merlini, M., Rafalski, V. A., Rios Coronado, P. E., Gill, T. M., Ellisman, M., Muthukumar, G., Subramanian, K. S., Ryu, J. K., Syme, C. A., Davalos, D., et al. (2019) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.014 · Cited by 431
Epigenetic regulation of brain region-specific microglia clearance activity
Ayata, P., Badimon, A., Strasburger, H. J., Duff, M. K., Montgomery, S. E., Loh, Y.-H. E., Ebert, A., Pimenova, A. A., Ramirez, B. R., Chan, A. T., et al. (2018) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0192-3 · Cited by 460
Mildner, A., Mack, M., Schmidt, H., Brück, W., Djukic, M., Zabel, M. D., Hille, A., Priller, J., & Prinz, M. (2009) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awp144 · Cited by 445
Estrogens, Neuroinflammation, and Neurodegeneration
Villa, A., Vegeto, E., Poletti, A., & Maggi, A. (2016) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2016-1007 · Cited by 423
Auffray, C., Fogg, D. K., Narni-Mancinelli, E., Senechal, B., Trouillet, C., Saederup, N., Leemput, J., Bigot, K., Campisi, L., Abitbol, M., et al. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20081385 · Cited by 422
Dark microglia: A new phenotype predominantly associated with pathological states
Bisht, K., Sharma, K. P., Lecours, C., Gabriela Sánchez, M., El Hajj, H., Milior, G., Olmos‐Alonso, A., Gómez‐Nicola, D., Luheshi, G., Vallières, L., et al. (2016) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.22966 · Cited by 421
Gowrishankar, S., Yuan, P., Wu, Y., Schrag, M., Paradise, S., Grutzendler, J., De Camilli, P., & Ferguson, S. M. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1510329112 · Cited by 406
Chronic optical access through a polished and reinforced thinned skull
Drew, P. J., Shih, A. Y., Driscoll, J. D., Knutsen, P. M., Blinder, P., Davalos, D., Akassoglou, K., Tsai, P. S., & Kleinfeld, D. (2010) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.1530 · Cited by 406
Differentiation of human and murine induced pluripotent stem cells to microglia-like cells
Pandya, H., Shen, M. J., Ichikawa, D. M., Sedlock, A. B., Choi, Y., Johnson, K. R., Kim, G., Brown, M. A., Elkahloun, A. G., Maric, D., et al. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4534 · Cited by 405
Animal models of age related macular degeneration
Pennesi, M. E., Neuringer, M., & Courtney, R. J. (2012) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2012.06.003 · Cited by 391
“Studies of two independently generated Cx3cr1 deficient mice (Combadiere et al., 2003; Jung et al., 2000) have revealed changes consistent with AMD (Combadiere et al.”
BackgroundHoshiko, M., Arnoux, I., Avignone, E., Yamamoto, N., & Audinat, E. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1167-12.2012 · Cited by 384
“In few experiments heterozygous CX3CR1 /eGFP mice of either sex were obtained by crossing CX3CR1 eGFP/eGFP (Jung et al., 2000) with wild-type C57BL/6J mice (Janvier).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialA mucosal vaccine against Chlamydia trachomatis generates two waves of protective memory T cells
Stary, G., Olive, A., Radovic-Moreno, A. F., Gondek, D., Alvarez, D., Basto, P. A., Perro, M., Vrbanac, V. D., Tager, A. M., Shi, J., et al. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaa8205 · Cited by 379
TREM2 deficiency impairs chemotaxis and microglial responses to neuronal injury
Mazaheri, F., Snaidero, N., Kleinberger, G., Madore, C., Daria, A., Werner, G., Krasemann, S., Capell, A., Trümbach, D., Wurst, W., et al. (2017) · The EMBO Reports · doi:10.15252/embr.201743922 · Cited by 351
Tissue macrophages: origin, heterogenity, biological functions, diseases and therapeutic targets
Guan, F., Wang, R., Yi, Z., Luo, P., Liu, W., Xie, Y., Liu, Z., Xia, Z., Zhang, H., & Cheng, Q. (2025) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-025-02124-y · Cited by 371
Burguillos, M. A., Svensson, M., Schulte, T., Boza-Serrano, A., Garcia-Quintanilla, A., Kavanagh, E., Santiago, M., Viceconte, N., Oliva-Martin, M. J., Osman, A. M., et al. (2015) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2015.02.012 · Cited by 365
Fractalkine and CX3CR1 regulate hippocampal neurogenesis in adult and aged rats
Bachstetter, A. D., Morganti, J. M., Jernberg, J., Schlunk, A., Mitchell, S. H., Brewster, K. W., Hudson, C. E., Cole, M. J., Harrison, J. K., Bickford, P. C., et al. (2011) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.11.022 · Cited by 364
Factors regulating microglia activation
Kierdorf, K., & Prinz, M. (2013) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2013.00044 · Cited by 360
Macrophages: An Inflammatory Link Between Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis
Corliss, B. A., Azimi, M. S., Munson, J. M., Peirce, S. M., & Murfee, W. L. (2016) · Microcirculation · doi:10.1111/micc.12259 · Cited by 356
Mizutani, M., Pino, P. A., Saederup, N., Charo, I. F., Ransohoff, R. M., & Cardona, A. E. (2012) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1100421 · Cited by 346
A novel Ly6C/Ly6G‐based strategy to analyze the mouse splenic myeloid compartment
Rose, S., Misharin, A., & Perlman, H. (2012) · Cytometry Part A · doi:10.1002/cyto.a.22012 · Cited by 347
Inflammatory Monocytes Facilitate Adaptive CD4 T Cell Responses during Respiratory Fungal Infection
Hohl, T. M., Rivera, A., Lipuma, L., Gallegos, A., Shi, C., Mack, M., & Pamer, E. G. (2009) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2009.10.007 · Cited by 337
Cell-specific deletion of C1qa identifies microglia as the dominant source of C1q in mouse brain
Fonseca, M. I., Chu, S.-H., Hernandez, M. X., Fang, M. J., Modarresi, L., Selvan, P., MacGregor, G. R., & Tenner, A. J. (2017) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0814-9 · Cited by 337
Metadata
- Authors
- Jung, S., Aliberti, J., Graemmel, P., Sunshine, M. J., Kreutzberg, G. W., Sher, A., & Littman, D. R.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology (DE)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jung, Steffen
- Venue
- Molecular and Cellular Biology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2000-06-01
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 4106-4114
- ISSN
- 0270-7306 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5549
- PMC
- PMC85780
- OpenAlex
- W2161057248
- Cited by
- 2,632
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 87 · 2025: 132 · 2024: 172 · 2023: 138 · 2022: 135 · 2021: 192 · 2020: 174 · 2019: 162 · 2018: 136 · 2017: 147 · 2016: 142 · 2015: 140 · 2014: 163 · 2013: 128 · 2012: 95
- FWCI
- 11.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Molecular and Cellular Biology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Chemokine receptors and signaling
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
- Keywords
- CX3CR1, fractalkine, CX3C chemokines, G protein-coupled receptors, monocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, microglia, monocyte extravasation, peritonitis, dendritic cell migration, peripheral nerve injury, neuroinflammation
- MeSH terms
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1, Animals, Luminescent Proteins, Mice, Mutant Strains, Phenotype, Receptors, HIV, Gene Expression, Mutagenesis, Insertional, Genes, Reporter, Receptors, Cytokine, Gene Targeting, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
