A salmon ecosystem conceptual foundation for estuary restoration
Abstract
A cohesive recovery strategy for Pacific salmon populations requires a shared conceptual foundation to coordinate management actions across jurisdictions and interests. We examined an estuary restoration program as a case study of a life history ecosystem framework proposed for Columbia River salmon conservation in 1999. The estuary program lacks an explicit framework to account for cross-scale connections to other salmon life stages. We propose the following conceptual foundation, composed of three guiding principles: (1) the estuary is a subsystem of a complex natural-cultural system connected by salmon life cycles; (2) a dynamic mosaic of estuarine habitats supports growth, ontogenetic development, and life history variations of salmon throughout the basin; and (3) physical and biological processes beyond the estuary limit opportunities for salmon life history expression within it. These principles require additional estuary performance indicators to coordinate water and fishery management programs and to adapt estuary restoration actions to a changing climate.
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Sorel, M. H., Jorgensen, J. C., Zabel, R. W., Scheuerell, M. D., Murdoch, A. R., Kamphaus, C. M., & Converse, S. J. (2024) · Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences · doi:10.1139/cjfas-2023-0118 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation for the Federal Columbia River Estuary Program.
Johnson, G. E., & Diefenderfer, H. L. (2008) · doi:10.2172/962139 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationGosselin, J. L., Crozier, L. G., & Burke, B. J. (2020) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107167 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
McLellan, E. L., Suttles, K. M., Bouska, K. L., Ellis, J. H., Flotemersch, J. E., Goff, M., Golden, H. E., Hill, R. A., Hohman, T. R., Keerthi, S., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2024.1332934 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Flitcroft, R. L., Burnett, K. M., & Christiansen, K. R. (2013) · Environmental Management · doi:10.1007/s00267-013-0074-0 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The Estuary, Plume, and Marine Environments
Bottom, D. L., Riddell, B. E., & Lichatowich, J. A. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012088414-8/50013-8 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationBottom, D. L., Hinton, S. A., Teel, D. J., Curtis Roegner, G., Johnson, L. L., & Sandford, B. P. (2021) · North American Journal of Fisheries Management · doi:10.1002/nafm.10671 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationWeitkamp, L. A., Beckman, B. R., Van Doornik, D. M., Munguia, A., Hunsicker, M., & Journey, M. (2022) · Transactions of the American Fisheries Society · doi:10.1002/tafs.10376 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Hall, J., Roni, P., Ross, K. L., Camp, M. J., Nuckols, J. L., & Ruffing, C. M. (2023) · Estuaries and Coasts · doi:10.1007/s12237-023-01185-y · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Shallow-Water Habitat in the Lower Columbia River Estuary: A Highly Altered System
Templeton, W. J., Jay, D. A., Diefenderfer, H. L., & Talke, S. A. (2024) · Estuaries and Coasts · doi:10.1007/s12237-023-01229-3 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Bond, M. H., Chasco, B., & Zabel, R. (2024) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2664.14760 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Buenau, K. E., Diefenderfer, H. L., McKeon, M. A., & Borde, A. B. (2025) · JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association · doi:10.1111/1752-1688.13249 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationCollis, K., Roby, D. D., Evans, A. F., et al. (2023) · Fisheries · doi:10.1002/fsh.11012 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Mundy, P. R. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012088414-8/50012-6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Return to the River: Strategies for Salmon Restoration in the Columbia River Basin
Williams, R. N., Stanford, J. A., Lichatowich, J. A., et al. (2006) · Return to the River · doi:10.1016/b978-012088414-8/50016-3
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Cited by
Still being checked.
- Authors
- Bottom, D. L., Jones, K. K., Borde, A. B., Krueger, K. L., Johnson, G. E., Castro, J. M., & Thom, R. M.
- Affiliations
- NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (US)
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (US)
- Columbia Land Trust
- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (US)
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (US)
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service (US)
- Venue
- Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
- Publisher
- Canadian Science Publishing
- Published
- 2025-01-01
- Volume
- 82
- Pages
- 1-22
- ISSN
- 0706-652X (ISSN-L)
- 1205-7533
- OpenAlex
- W4413450232
- Semantic Scholar
- 74b11a980ac9dd164b526d44bb34860a78c98677
- Cited by
- 3
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3
- FWCI
- 2.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (publishedVersion)
- TSpace (University of Toronto) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Bonneville Power Administration (BPA-23-C-93118)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Marine and fisheries research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes
- Keywords
- Pacific salmon, estuary restoration, salmon life cycle, ontogeny, life history variation, climate change adaptation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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