Memory for places learned long ago is intact after hippocampal damage
Abstract
The hippocampus is part of a system of structures in the medial temporal lobe that are essential for memory. One influential view of hippocampal function emphasizes its role in the acquisition and retrieval of spatial knowledge. By this view, the hippocampus constructs and stores spatial maps and is therefore essential for learning and remembering places, including those learned about long ago. We tested a profoundly amnesic patient (E.P.), who has virtually complete bilateral damage to the hippocampus and extensive damage to adjacent structures in the medial temporal lobe. We asked him to recall the spatial layout of the region where he grew up, from which he moved away more than 50 years ago. E.P. performed as well as or better than age-matched control subjects who grew up in the same region and also moved away. In contrast, E.P. has no knowledge of his current neighbourhood, to which he moved after he became amnesic. Our results show that the medial temporal lobe is not the permanent repository of spatial maps, and support the view that the hippocampus and other structures in the medial temporal lobe are essential for the formation of long-term declarative memories, both spatial and non-spatial, but not for the retrieval of very remote memories, either spatial or non-spatial.
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Neuropsychological evidence indicates that complex spatial memories acquired years in the past can become independent of the hippocampus.
“Neuropsychological evidence indicates that complex spatial memories acquired years in the past can become independent of the hippocampus (Teng and Squire 1999; Rosenbaum et al. 2000, 2005; Maguire et al. 2006; Herdman et al. 2015).”
From Hippocampal and Retrosplenial Goal Distance Coding After Long-term Consolidation of a Real-World Environment (2019) · cites this paper as Teng and Squire 1999
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Self-citationThe cortical basis of visual scene processing
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The past, the future and the biology of memory storage
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Abstract Representations of Location and Facing Direction in the Human Brain
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Self-citationThe neuroscience of remote spatial memory: A tale of two cities
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From cognitive maps to spatial schemas
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Scenes, Spaces, and Memory Traces
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- Authors
- Teng, E., & Squire, L. R.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Squire, Larry R.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 1999-08
- Volume
- 400
- Issue
- 6745
- Pages
- 675-677
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1655416104
- Cited by
- 372
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 10.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Spatial Cognition and Navigation
- Keywords
- hippocampus, spatial memory, remote memory retrieval, medial temporal lobe, amnesia, place learning, spatial maps, autobiographical memory
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Amnesia, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Male, Memory, Space Perception, Time Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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