Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 2,172

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Childhood traumas: an outline and overview

·1991·American Journal of Psychiatry
DOI 10.1176/ajp.148.1.10
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Childhood psychic trauma appears to be a crucial etiological factor in the development of a number of serious disorders both in childhood and in adulthood. Like childhood rheumatic fever, psychic trauma sets a number of different problems into motion, any of which may lead to a definable mental condition. The author suggests four characteristics related to childhood trauma that appear to last for long periods of life, no matter what diagnosis the patient eventually receives. These are visualized or otherwise repeatedly perceived memories of the traumatic event, repetitive behaviors, trauma-specific fears, and changed attitudes about people, life, and the future. She divides childhood trauma into two basic types and defines the findings that can be used to characterize each of these types. Type I trauma includes full, detailed memories, "omens," and misperceptions. Type II trauma includes denial and numbing, self-hypnosis and dissociation, and rage. Crossover conditions often occur after sudden, shocking deaths or accidents that leave children handicapped. In these instances, characteristics of both type I and type II childhood traumas exist side by side. There may be considerable sadness. Each finding of childhood trauma discussed by the author is illustrated with one or two case examples.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1176/ajp.148.1.10

Cites

4 of 4 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 4 references

Research works printed but not linked: 37

  1. 10.1176/ajp.141.3.378 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Bliss E, 1986, Allied Disorders, and Hypnosis.
  3. Walsh R, 1977, Werble B
  4. 10.1097/00004583-198905000-00022 · DOI
  5. Russell D, 1986, The Secret Trauma
  6. 10.1176/ajp.126.3.404 · DOI
  7. Herman J, 1987, Psychological Trauma
  8. 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60369-1 · DOI
  9. Terr L, 1990, American Psychiatric Association 143rd Annual Meeting
  10. Freud, 1920, Beyond the pleasure principle
  11. 10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800240031005 · DOI · Paper page
  12. 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60370-8 · DOI
  13. 10.1097/00004583-198809000-00024 · DOI · Paper page
  14. 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60259-4 · DOI · Paper page
  15. 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00006 · DOI
  16. Kestenberg J, j Am Acad Child Psychiatry 1985
  17. 10.1176/ajp.140.12.1543 · DOI · Paper page
  18. Mack J, 1970, Nightmares and the Human Conflict
  19. Terr L, 1987, Sleep and Its Disorders in Children
  20. 10.1080/00797308.1985.11823044 · DOI
  21. Kinzie JD, 1986, Disaster Stress Studies
  22. 10.1097/00004583-198102000-00006 · DOI
  23. 10.1080/00797308.1987.11823505 · DOI
  24. 10.1080/00797308.1989.11822659 · DOI
  25. 10.1080/00797308.1990.11823533 · DOI
  26. 10.1080/00332747.1976.11023872 · DOI
  27. Erikson E, 1950, Childhood and Society
  28. Freud A, 1956, The Writings of Anna Freud, vol V
  29. Kluft R, 1985, Childhood Antecedents of Multiple Personality, 10.1176/appi.books.9798894550015 · DOI
  30. Terr L, 1990, Too Scared to Cry
  31. 1945, Psychoanal Study Child, 1, 64
  32. 10.1176/ajp.127.5.665 · DOI
  33. 10.1176/ajp.142.10.1161 · DOI
  34. Eth, 1985, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Children. Edited by Eth 5, Pynoos P.
  35. Osterweis M, 1984, Bereavement
  36. Stoller R, 1989, Weinshel EM. Rodman FR.
  37. 10.1097/00005373-198904000-00009 · DOI

Cited by

Metadata

Venue
American Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher
American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Published
1991-01-01
Volume
148
Issue
1
Pages
10-20
ISSN
  • 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
  • 1535-7228
DOI
10.1176/ajp.148.1.10
OpenAlex
W2104603043
Cited by
2,172
References
4
FWCI
74.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.