Intestinal microbiota, probiotics and mental health: from Metchnikoff to modern advances: Part II – contemporary contextual research
Open accessAbstract
In recent years there has been a renewed interest concerning the ways in which the gastrointestinal tract – its functional integrity and microbial residents – might influence human mood (e.g. depression) and behavioral disorders. Once a hotbed of scientific interest in the early 20th century, this area lay dormant for decades, in part due to its association with the controversial term ‘autointoxication’. Here we review contemporary findings related to intestinal permeability, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (LPS) exposure, D-lactic acid, propionic acid, and discuss their relevance to microbiota and mental health. In addition, we include the context of modern dietary habits as they relate to depression, anxiety and their potential interaction with intestinal microbiota.
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Rodent studies suggest that the gut microbiome has strategic evolutionary importance by modulating stress responses and influencing behaviors that impact the survival of species.
“These rodent studies suggest that the gut microbiome has strategic evolutionary importance by modulating stress responses and influencing behaviors that impact the survival of species.15”
From The Gut Microbiome and the Brain (2014) · cites this paper as [15]
The adult human gut is believed to contain about one gram of LPS.
“The adult human gut is believed to contain about one gram of LPS.15”
From The Gut Microbiome and the Brain (2014) · cites this paper as [15]
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From gut dysbiosis to altered brain function and mental illness: mechanisms and pathways
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The Gut Microbiome and the Brain
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Microbes, immunity, and behavior: psychoneuroimmunology meets the microbiome
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The microbiota, immunoregulation, and mental health: implications for public health
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- Authors
- Bested, A. C., Logan, A. C., & Selhub, E. M.
- Affiliations
- B.C. Women's Hospital & Health Centre (CA)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Logan, Alan C
- ORCID
- Logan, Alan C
- Venue
- Gut Pathogens
- Published
- 2013-03-14
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-3
- ISSN
- 1757-4749 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3601973
- OpenAlex
- W2118613385
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 202
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 5.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Gut Pathogens (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, probiotics, gut-brain axis, depression, anxiety, mental health, intestinal permeability, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, D-lactate, propionic acid, autointoxication, dietary habits
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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