Cited by 654Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanismsMultiple Sclerosis Research StudiesNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination

Emery, Ben·2010·Science

Abstract

Despite the importance of myelin for the rapid conduction of action potentials, the molecular bases of oligodendrocyte differentiation and central nervous system (CNS) myelination are still incompletely understood. Recent results have greatly advanced this understanding, identifying new transcriptional regulators of myelin gene expression, elucidating vital roles for microRNAs in controlling myelination, and clarifying the extracellular signaling mechanisms that orchestrate the development of myelin. Studies have also demonstrated an unexpected level of plasticity of myelin in the adult CNS. These recent advances provide new insight into how remyelination may be stimulated in demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis.

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Crossref · 10.1126/science.1190927

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54 of 54 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Myelin formation by oligodendrocytes surrounding axons in the central nervous system regulates conduction velocity.

    “Myelin formation by oligodendrocytes surrounding axons in the central nervous system regulates conduction velocity (CV), which is a key component of fast and efficient information processing in the brain (Emery, 2010 ; Fields, 2008 ; Nave, 2010 ).”
  • Conduction velocity is a key component of fast and efficient information processing in the brain.

    “Myelin formation by oligodendrocytes surrounding axons in the central nervous system regulates conduction velocity (CV), which is a key component of fast and efficient information processing in the brain (Emery, 2010 ; Fields, 2008 ; Nave, 2010 ).”
  • The selected 2.2 kb region upstream of the human MAG transcription start site and two truncated variants harbor an abundance of binding motifs for transcription factors known to regulate gene activity and myelination in oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells.

    “To that end, we have selected a 2.2 kb region upstream of the transcription start site in the human MAG gene and two truncated variants, that harbor an abundance of binding motifs for transcription factors known to regulate gene activity and myelination in oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells (Emery, 2010).”
  • The discrepancy between high GSTpi+ oligodendrocyte numbers and absence of myelin at 7 weeks could be due to OPCs differentiating into pre-myelinating oligodendrocytes that are not myelinating axons due to continuous cuprizone lesion.

    “This discrepancy could be due to OPCs differentiating into pre-myelinating oligodendrocytes [14] (also see below), which are not myelinating the axons due to continuous cuprizone lesion.”

    From Strain differences in cuprizone induced demyelination (2017) · cites this paper as [14]

  • MicroRNAs regulate oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation and differentiation in rodents.

    “MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate diverse molecular and cellular processes including oligodendrocyte (OL) precursor cell (OPC) proliferation and differentiation in rodents.”

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Authors
Emery, B.
Affiliations
The University of Melbourne (AU)
Corresponding author
Emery, Ben
Venue
Science
Published
2010-11-05
Volume
330
Issue
6005
Pages
779-782
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
OpenAlex
W2001810970
Cited by
653
References
54
Citations by year
2026: 28 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 54 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 39
FWCI
3.25
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords
oligodendrocyte differentiation, myelination, myelin gene expression, transcription factors, microRNA, extracellular signaling, myelin plasticity, remyelination, demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis, central nervous system
MeSH terms
Animals, Axons, Cell Differentiation, Central Nervous System, Demyelinating Diseases, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Myelin Sheath, Oligodendroglia, Transcription, Genetic, Signal Transduction, MicroRNAs, Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly

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