Neuroimaging Evidence of Major Morpho-Anatomical and Functional Abnormalities in the BTBR T+TF/J Mouse Model of Autism
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BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR) mice display prominent behavioural deficits analogous to the defining symptoms of autism, a feature that has prompted a widespread use of the model in preclinical autism research. Because neuro-behavioural traits are described with respect to reference populations, multiple investigators have examined and described the behaviour of BTBR mice against that exhibited by C57BL/6J (B6), a mouse line characterised by high sociability and low self-grooming. In an attempt to probe the translational relevance of this comparison for autism research, we used Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to map in both strain multiple morpho-anatomical and functional neuroimaging readouts that have been extensively used in patient populations. Diffusion tensor tractography confirmed previous reports of callosal agenesis and lack of hippocampal commissure in BTBR mice, and revealed a concomitant rostro-caudal reorganisation of major cortical white matter bundles. Intact inter-hemispheric tracts were found in the anterior commissure, ventro-medial thalamus, and in a strain-specific white matter formation located above the third ventricle. BTBR also exhibited decreased fronto-cortical, occipital and thalamic gray matter volume and widespread reductions in cortical thickness with respect to control B6 mice. Foci of increased gray matter volume and thickness were observed in the medial prefrontal and insular cortex. Mapping of resting-state brain activity using cerebral blood volume weighted fMRI revealed reduced cortico-thalamic function together with foci of increased activity in the hypothalamus and dorsal hippocampus of BTBR mice. Collectively, our results show pronounced functional and structural abnormalities in the brain of BTBR mice with respect to control B6 mice. The large and widespread white and gray matter abnormalities observed do not appear to be representative of the neuroanatomical alterations typically observed in autistic patients. The presence of reduced fronto-cortical metabolism is of potential translational relevance, as this feature recapitulates previously-reported clinical observations.
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MRI studies have revealed decreased gray matter volume in the dorsofrontal, cingulate, retrosplenial, occipital and parietal cortex, as well as in subcortical areas including lateral and posterior thalamus, posterior hypothalamus and ventral hippocampus, but increased volume in the olfactory bulbs, medial prefrontal and insular cortex, amygdala and dorsal hippocampus in BTBR mice.
“MRI studies have revealed decreased gray matter volume in the dorsofrontal, cingulate, retrosplenial, occipital and parietal cortex, as well as in subcortical areas including lateral and posterior thalamus, posterior hypothalamus and ventral hippocampus, but increased volume in the olfactory bulbs, medial prefrontal and insular cortex, amygdala and dorsal hippocampus [87, 270].”
From Autism spectrum disorder: neuropathology and animal models (2017) · cites this paper as [87]
The most striking neuroanatomical features of BTBR mice are the absence of corpus callosum and the extremely reduced hippocampal commissure, observed by diffusion tensor tractography and on histologic preparations.
“The most striking neuroanatomical features of BTBR mice are the absence of corpus callosum and the extremely reduced hippocampal commissure, observed by diffusion tensor tractography and on histologic preparations [87, 96, 367].”
From Autism spectrum disorder: neuropathology and animal models (2017) · cites this paper as [87]
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Deletion of the<i>Snord116/SNORD116</i>Alters Sleep in Mice and Patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome
Lassi, G., Priano, L., Maggi, S., Garcia-Garcia, C., Balzani, E., El-Assawy, N., Pagani, M., Tinarelli, F., Giardino, D., Mauro, A., et al. (2016) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.5542 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Dodero, L., Damiano, M., Galbusera, A., Bifone, A., Tsaftsaris, S. A., Scattoni, M. L., & Gozzi, A.
- Affiliations
- Italian Institute of Technology (IT)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gozzi, Alessandro
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2013-10-16
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- e76655
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3797833
- OpenAlex
- W2099440139
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 10
- FWCI
- 6.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IMT Institutional Repository (IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Keywords
- BTBR T+tf/J mice, autism spectrum disorder, mouse models of autism, callosal agenesis, hippocampal commissure, cortical thickness, gray matter volume, resting-state brain activity, cerebral blood volume, translational relevance, C57BL/6J mice
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autistic Disorder, Blood Gas Analysis, Brain, Disease Models, Animal, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mice, Inbred Strains, Anisotropy, Mice, Neuroimaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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