An anatomical substrate for integration among functional networks in human cortex
Open accessAbstract
The human brain shows several characteristics of an efficient communication network architecture, including short communication paths and the existence of modules interlinked by a small set of highly connected regions. Studies of structural networks comprising macroscopic white matter projections have shown that these putative hubs are densely interconnected, giving rise to a spatially distributed and topologically central collective called the “rich club.” In parallel, studies of intrinsic brain activity have consistently revealed distinct functional communities or resting-state networks (RSNs), indicative of specialized processing and segregation of neuronal information. However, the pattern of structural connectivity interconnecting these functional RSNs and how such inter-RSN structural connections might bring about functional integration between RSNs remain largely unknown. Combining high-resolution diffusion weighted imaging with resting-state fMRI, we present novel evidence suggesting that the rich club structure plays a central role in cross-linking macroscopic RSNs of the human brain. Rich club hub nodes were present in all functional networks, accounted for a large proportion of “connector nodes,” and were found to coincide with regions in which multiple networks overlap. In addition, a large proportion of all inter-RSN connections were found to involve rich club nodes, and these connections participated in a disproportionate number of communication paths linking nodes in different RSNs. Our findings suggest that the brain's rich club serves as a macroscopic anatomical substrate to cross-link functional networks and thus plays an important role in the integration of information between segregated functional domains of the human cortex.
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Mammalian structural networks display rich-club organization, where high-strength nodes link disproportionately with other high-strength nodes.
“Structural networks in the mammalian brain exhibit an important phenomenon known as “rich-club” organization, whereby hubs (i.e. nodes with high strength) link disproportionately to other hubs.”
From Development of large-scale functional networks from birth to adulthood: A guide to the neuroimaging literature (2017) · cites this paper as van den Heuvel and Sporns, 2013
Rich-club nodes tend to span multiple resting-state networks, aiding integration among them.
“Rich-club nodes tend to span multiple RSNs, thereby facilitating integration between them (Sporns, 2013; van den Heuvel and Sporns, 2013).”
From Development of large-scale functional networks from birth to adulthood: A guide to the neuroimaging literature (2017) · cites this paper as van den Heuvel and Sporns, 2013
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Hallucinations as Top-Down Effects on Perception
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- Authors
- van den Heuvel, M. P., & Sporns, O.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- ORCID
- Sporns, Olaf
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2013-09-04
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 36
- Pages
- 14489-14500
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6618386
- OpenAlex
- W2057569161
- Cited by
- 404
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 22.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- James S. McDonnell Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Complex Network Analysis Techniques
- Keywords
- rich club, resting-state networks, functional integration, structural connectivity, network hubs, brain network architecture, diffusion-weighted imaging, resting-state fMRI, human cortex
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Models, Neurological, Nerve Net
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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