Cited by 966Bullying, Victimization, and AggressionImpact of Technology on AdolescentsWorkplace Violence and Bullying

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Cyberbullying, School Bullying, and Psychological Distress: A Regional Census of High School Students

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Schneider, Shari Kessel, O'Donnell, Lydia, Stueve, Ann, Coulter, Robert W. S.·2012·American Journal of Public Health

DOI 10.2105/ajph.2011.300308PMC PMC3490574

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Using data from a regional census of high school students, we have documented the prevalence of cyberbullying and school bullying victimization and their associations with psychological distress. METHODS: In the fall of 2008, 20,406 ninth- through twelfth-grade students in MetroWest Massachusetts completed surveys assessing their bullying victimization and psychological distress, including depressive symptoms, self-injury, and suicidality. RESULTS: A total of 15.8% of students reported cyberbullying and 25.9% reported school bullying in the past 12 months. A majority (59.7%) of cyberbullying victims were also school bullying victims; 36.3% of school bullying victims were also cyberbullying victims. Victimization was higher among nonheterosexually identified youths. Victims report lower school performance and school attachment. Controlled analyses indicated that distress was highest among victims of both cyberbullying and school bullying (adjusted odds ratios [AORs] were from 4.38 for depressive symptoms to 5.35 for suicide attempts requiring medical treatment). Victims of either form of bullying alone also reported elevated levels of distress. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm the need for prevention efforts that address both forms of bullying and their relation to school performance and mental health.

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Landstedt, E., & Persson, S. (2014) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494814525004 · Cited by 145
“The strong relationships between IRL bullying, cyberbullying, and depressive symptoms in both boys and girls support existing literature [11, 18].”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Accurate Cyberbullying Detection and Prevention on Social Media
Perera, A., & Fernando, P. (2021) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2021.01.207 · Cited by 145
Factors influencing bystanders' behavioral reactions in cyberbullying situations
Song, J., & Oh, I. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.10.008 · Cited by 158
“…Huang, & Fan, 2013), cyberbullying victimization may also have a similar link with dropouts based on previous studies demonstrating similar or more severe negative outcomes than traditional bullying (Campbell, Slee, Spears, Butler, & Kift, 2013; Kowalski et al., 2012; Schneider et al., 2012).”
Result
Being a cybervictim and a cyberbully – The duality of cyberbullying: A meta-analysis
Lozano-Blasco, R., Cortés-Pascual, A., & Latorre-Martínez, M. P. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106444 · Cited by 142
From normative influence to social pressure: How relevant others affect whether bystanders join in cyberbullying
Bastiaensens, S., Pabian, S., Vandebosch, H., Poels, K., Van Cleemput, K., DeSmet, A., & De Bourdeaudhuij, I. (2016) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/sode.12134 · Cited by 140
“Email: sara.bastiaensens@uantwerpen.be VC 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd & Dalgleish, 2010; Schneider et al., 2012).”
Peer Victimization in Fifth Grade and Health in Tenth Grade
Bogart, L. M., Elliott, M. N., Klein, D. J., Tortolero, S. R., Mrug, S., Peskin, M. F., Davies, S. L., Schink, E. T., & Schuster, M. A. (2014) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2013-3510 · Cited by 140
Cyberbullying in Children and Youth: Implications for Health and Clinical Practice
Vaillancourt, T., Faris, R., & Mishna, F. (2017) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743716684791 · Cited by 140
“Schneider et al.32 compared cyberbullying and traditional bullying in relation to psychological distress in a large study of 20,406 American high school students.”
Background
Does cyberbullying impact youth suicidal behaviors?
Nikolaou, D. (2017) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.09.009 · Cited by 136
Adolescent peer aggression and its association with mental health and substance use in an Australian cohort
Moore, S. E., Norman, R. E., Sly, P. D., Whitehouse, A., Zubrick, S. R., & Scott, J. G. (2013) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.10.006 · Cited by 135
Social networking sites and mental health problems in adolescents: The mediating role of cyberbullying victimization
Sampasa-Kanyinga, H., & Hamilton, H. A. (2015) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.011 · Cited by 131
“Studies have also shown that adolescents who are victims of cyberbullying report more internalizing problems such as increased psychological distress, depression, and suicidal ideation and attempts [41,22,42,34].”
Background
Cyberbullying victimization: Do victims’ personality and risky social network behaviors contribute to the problem?
Peluchette, J. V., Karl, K. A., Wood, C., & Williams, J. S. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.06.028 · Cited by 146
Trends in Cyberbullying and School Bullying Victimization in a Regional Census of High School Students, 2006‐2012
Schneider, S. K., O’Donnell, L. N., & Smith, E. (2015) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.12290 · Cited by 144
The emotional impact of cyberbullying: Differences in perceptions and experiences as a function of role
Giménez Gualdo, A. M., Hunter, S. C., Durkin, K., Arnaiz, P., & Maquilón, J. J. (2015) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2014.11.013 · Cited by 131
Associations between Chinese adolescents subjected to traditional and cyber bullying and suicidal ideation, self-harm and suicide attempts
Peng, Z., Klomek, A. B., Li, L., Su, X., Sillanmäki, L. H., Chudal, R., & Sourander, A. (2019) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2319-9 · Cited by 137
Systematic review of risk and protective factors for suicidal and self-harm behaviors among children and adolescents involved with cyberbullying
Dorol--Beauroy-Eustache, O., & Mishara, B. L. (2021) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106684 · Cited by 125
Risk and protective factors associated with being bullied on school property compared with cyberbullied
Merrill, R. M., & Hanson, C. L. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-2833-3 · Cited by 124
“An association between bullying victimization and mental health problems has been observed previously in several studies [64–68].”
Result
Associations Between Bullying and Engaging in Aggressive and Suicidal Behaviors Among Sexual Minority Youth: The Moderating Role of Connectedness
Duong, J., & Bradshaw, C. (2014) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.12196 · Cited by 122
The Stimulators of Social Media Fatigue Among Students: Role of Moral Disengagement
Cao, X., Khan, A. N., Zaigham, G. H. K., & Khan, N. A. (2019) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.1177/0735633118781907 · Cited by 121
Relationship between suicidal thinking, anxiety, depression and stress in university students who are victims of cyberbullying
Martínez-Monteagudo, M. C., Delgado, B., Díaz-Herrero, Á., & García-Fernández, J. M. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112856 · Cited by 127
Longitudinal and Incremental Relation of Cybervictimization to Negative Self-Cognitions and Depressive Symptoms in Young Adolescents
Cole, D. A., Zelkowitz, R. L., Nick, E., Martin, N. C., Roeder, K. M., Sinclair-McBride, K., & Spinelli, T. (2016) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-015-0123-7 · Cited by 118
The Victimization of LGBTQ Students at School: A Meta-Analysis
Myers, W., Turanovic, J. J., Lloyd, K. M., & Pratt, T. C. (2020) · Journal of School Violence · doi:10.1080/15388220.2020.1725530 · Cited by 117
New technologies and 21st century children
Graafland, J. H. (2018) · OECD education working papers · doi:10.1787/e071a505-en · Cited by 152
A meta-analysis of the outcomes of bullying prevention programs on subtypes of traditional bullying victimization: Verbal, relational, and physical
Kennedy, R. S. (2020) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2020.101485 · Cited by 128
Middle School Students' Social Media Use.
Martin, F., Wang, C., Petty, T. M., Wang, W., & Wilkins, P. (2018) · Educational Technology & Society · Cited by 114
Conflictual student–teacher relationship, emotional and behavioral problems, prosocial behavior, and their associations with bullies, victims, and bullies/victims.
Marengo, D., Jungert, T., Iotti, N. O., Settanni, M., Thornberg, R., & Longobardi, C. (2018) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2018.1481199 · Cited by 109
Perceptions and attributions of bystanders to cyber bullying
Holfeld, B. J. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.012 · Cited by 108
Prevalence and characteristics of victims and perpetrators of bullying
Rech, R. R., Halpern, R., Tedesco, A., & Santos, D. F. (2013) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.1016/j.jped.2013.03.006 · Cited by 106
Social Media Use among Adolescents: Benefits and Risks
Reid, D., & Weigle, P. E. (2014) · Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.2174/221067660402140709115810 · Cited by 126
Feelings of Safety at School, Socioemotional Functioning, and Classroom Engagement
Côté‐Lussier, C., & Fitzpatrick, C. (2016) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.01.003 · Cited by 126
“We therefore retain our original model which is more in line with existing theoretical and empirical work linking experiences of the school safety context to poorer well-being and decreased academic adjustment [11,43,44].”
Result
Physical Activity, Sadness, and Suicidality in Bullied US Adolescents
Sibold, J., Edwards, E. M., Murray-Close, D. K., & Hudziak, J. J. (2015) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2015.06.019 · Cited by 105
Risk and Protective Factors in Cyberbullying: the Role of Family, Social Support and Emotion Regulation
Arató, N., Zsidó, A. N., Rivnyák, A., Péley, B., & Lábadi, B. (2022) · International Journal of Bullying Prevention · doi:10.1007/s42380-021-00097-4 · Cited by 124
The Potential Role of Meaning in Life in the Relationship Between Bullying Victimization and Suicidal Ideation
Henry, K. L., Lovegrove, P. J., Steger, M., Chen, P. Y., Cigularov, K. P., & Tomazic, R. G. (2014) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-013-9960-2 · Cited by 108
“…disruptive behavior (Paul and Cillessen 2003), substance use (Tharp-Taylor et al. 2009), lower self-esteem, self-efficacy, and self-concept (Esbensen and Carson 2009; Marsh et al. 2004), as well as depression, self-injury (Schneider et al. 2012) and psychosomatic complaints (Gini and Pozzoli 2009).”
Background
Mental Health, Drug, and Violence Interventions for Sexual/Gender Minorities: A Systematic Review
Coulter, R. W. S., Egan, J. E., Kinsky, S. M., Friedman, M. R., Eckstrand, K., Frankeberger, J., Folb, B. L., Mair, C., Marković, N., Silvestre, A. J., et al. (2019) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2018-3367 · Cited by 113
School Bullying, Low Self-Control, and Opportunity
Moon, B., & Alarid, L. F. (2014) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260514536281 · Cited by 102
“On one hand, victims of school bullying are more likely to experience physical, psychological, and/or academic problems such as physical pain/illness, depression, suicidal thoughts/attempts, school dropout, and learning difficulties (Farrington, Lösel, Ttofi, & Theodorakis, 2012; Olweus, 1993; Rigby & Slee, 1999; Salm…”
Background
Cyber Dating Abuse: Investigating Digital Monitoring Behaviors Among Adolescents From a Social Learning Perspective
Ouytsel, J. V., Ponnet, K. S., & Walrave, M. (2017) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260517719538 · Cited by 104

Authors: Schneider, S. K., O'Donnell, L., Stueve, A., & Coulter, R. W. S.
Affiliations: Education Development Center (US)
Shari Kessel Schneider, Lydia O'Donnell, Ann Stueve, and Robert W. S. Coulter are with the Health and Human Development Division, Education Development Center, Newton Waltham, MA.
ORCID: Schneider, Shari Kessel
Coulter, Robert W. S.
Venue: American Journal of Public Health
Publisher: American Public Health Association
Published: 2012-01
Volume: 102
Issue: 1
Pages: 171-177
ISSN: 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
1541-0048
DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2011.300308
PMC: PMC3490574
OpenAlex: W2171148355
Cited by: 966
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 26 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 90 · 2020: 101 · 2019: 80 · 2018: 98 · 2017: 69 · 2016: 81 · 2015: 91 · 2014: 70 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 55.00
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: American Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders: MetroWest Health Foundation
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Workplace Violence and Bullying
Keywords: cyberbullying, school bullying, bullying victimization, psychological distress, depressive symptoms, self-harm, suicidality, suicide attempts, sexual minority youth, academic performance, school attachment, high school students, bullying prevention
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Data Collection, Educational Status, Humans, Male, Massachusetts, Schools, Stress, Psychological, Logistic Models, Internet, Bullying

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Cyberbullying, School Bullying, and Psychological Distress: A Regional Census of High School Students

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