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Adapting western North American forests to climate change and wildfires: 10 common questions

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Prichard, Susan J., Hessburg, Paul F., Hagmann, R. Keala, Povak, Nicholas A., Dobrowski, Solomon Z., Hurteau, Matthew D., Kane, Van R., Keane, Robert E., Kobziar, Leda N., Kolden, Crystal A., North, Malcolm, Parks, Sean A., Safford, Hugh D., Stevens, Jens T., Yocom, Larissa L., Churchill, Derek J., Gray, Robert W., Huffman, David W., Lake, Frank K., Khatri‐Chhetri, Pratima·2021·Ecological Applications

DOI 10.1002/eap.2433

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Abstract

We review science‐based adaptation strategies for western North American (wNA) forests that include restoring active fire regimes and fostering resilient structure and composition of forested landscapes. As part of the review, we address common questions associated with climate adaptation and realignment treatments that run counter to a broad consensus in the literature. These include the following: (1) Are the effects of fire exclusion overstated? If so, are treatments unwarranted and even counterproductive? (2) Is forest thinning alone sufficient to mitigate wildfire hazard? (3) Can forest thinning and prescribed burning solve the problem? (4) Should active forest management, including forest thinning, be concentrated in the wildland urban interface (WUI)? (5) Can wildfires on their own do the work of fuel treatments? (6) Is the primary objective of fuel reduction treatments to assist in future firefighting response and containment? (7) Do fuel treatments work under extreme fire weather? (8) Is the scale of the problem too great? Can we ever catch up? (9) Will planting more trees mitigate climate change in wNA forests? And (10) is post‐fire management needed or even ecologically justified? Based on our review of the scientific evidence, a range of proactive management actions are justified and necessary to keep pace with changing climatic and wildfire regimes and declining forest heterogeneity after severe wildfires. Science‐based adaptation options include the use of managed wildfire, prescribed burning, and coupled mechanical thinning and prescribed burning as is consistent with land management allocations and forest conditions. Although some current models of fire management in wNA are averse to short‐term risks and uncertainties, the long‐term environmental, social, and cultural consequences of wildfire management primarily grounded in fire suppression are well documented, highlighting an urgency to invest in intentional forest management and restoration of active fire regimes.

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Global and Regional Trends and Drivers of Fire Under Climate Change
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Evidence for widespread changes in the structure, composition, and fire regimes of western North American forests
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Widespread ecological responses and cascading effects of the 2021 western North American heatwave
Baum, J. K., Slein, M. A., Garen, J. C., Sang, Z., Emry, S., Goodwin, K. J. A., Collins, C. G., Lewthwaite, J., Tseng, M., Michaletz, S. T., et al. (2026) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-026-02987-6 · Cited by 15

See all 336

Authors: Prichard, S. J., Hessburg, P. F., Hagmann, R. K., Povak, N. A., Dobrowski, S. Z., Hurteau, M. D., Kane, V. R., Keane, R. E., Kobziar, L. N., Kolden, C. A., North, M., Parks, S. A., Safford, H. D., Stevens, J. T., Yocom, L. L., Churchill, D. J., Gray, R. W., Huffman, D. W., Lake, F. K., & Khatri‐Chhetri, P.
Venue: Ecological Applications
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2021-10-13
Volume: 31
Issue: 8
Pages: e02433-e02433
ISSN: 1051-0761 (ISSN-L)
1939-5582
DOI: 10.1002/eap.2433
OpenAlex: W3189965527
Cited by: 336
References: 297
FWCI: 20.12
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid

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Adapting western North American forests to climate change and wildfires: 10 common questions

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