Development and use of the ARCS model of instructional design

Keller, John M.

doi:10.1007/bf02905780

Cited by 2,332Education, Achievement, and GiftednessInnovative Teaching and Learning MethodsHuman Behavior and Motivation

Development and use of the ARCS model of instructional design

Keller, John M.·1987·Journal of Instructional Development

DOI 10.1007/bf02905780

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The ARCS Model aligns with gamification: attention via challenges or visual rewards, relevance via real-world goals, confidence via scaffolded levels, and satisfaction via immediate feedback or badges.
“The ARCS Model (i.e., Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction; Keller, 1987) also aligns with gamification.Attention can be captured through challenges or visual rewards; relevance by linking tasks to real-world goals; confidence by scaffolded levels; and satisfaction by immediate feedback or badges (Mese & Dursun, 2019;Özhan & Kocadere, 2020).”
From Gamification on Mathematics Engagement and Motivation in Secondary School and Higher Education: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2026) · cites this paper as Keller, 1987

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Authors: Keller, J. M.
Affiliations: Florida State University (US)
Corresponding author: Keller, John M.
ORCID: Keller, John M.
Venue: Journal of Instructional Development
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 1987-09
Volume: 10
Issue: 3
Pages: 2-10
ISSN: 0162-2641 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1007/bf02905780
OpenAlex: W2056569531
Cited by: 2,332
References: 42
Citations by year: 2026: 127 · 2025: 188 · 2024: 150 · 2023: 202 · 2022: 167 · 2021: 178 · 2020: 141 · 2019: 132 · 2018: 109 · 2017: 103 · 2016: 101 · 2015: 95 · 2014: 83 · 2013: 85 · 2012: 93
FWCI: 1.76
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Instructional Development (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Human Behavior and Motivation
Keywords: ARCS model, student motivation, instructional design, motives, inservice teacher education, field testing, motivation to learn

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