I feel how you feel but not always: the empathic brain and its modulation
Open accessAbstract
The ability to share the other's feelings, known as empathy, has recently become the focus of social neuroscience studies. We review converging evidence that empathy with, for example, the pain of another person, activates part of the neural pain network of the empathizer, without first hand pain stimulation to the empathizer's body. The amplitude of empathic brain responses is modulated by the intensity of the displayed emotion, the appraisal of the situation, characteristics of the suffering person such as perceived fairness, and features of the empathizer such as gender or previous experience with pain-inflicting situations. Future studies in the field should address inter-individual differences in empathy, development and plasticity of the empathic brain over the life span, and the link between empathy, compassionate motivation, and prosocial behavior.
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Research on empathy for pain indicates that under some circumstances the S2 becomes activated when individuals observe other people in physical pain.
“Research on empathy for pain indicates, for example, that under some circumstances the S2 becomes activated when individuals observe other people in physical pain (see refs. 40 and 41 for reviews).”
From Social rejection shares somatosensory representations with physical pain (2011) · cites this paper as [41]
Decoupled yet parallel representations of empathy in cortical structures such as the insula and anterior cingulate are postulated to be necessary for empathic abilities to mentalize.
“Such decoupled yet parallel representations of empathy in cortical structures such as the insula and anterior cingulate have been postulated to be necessary for our empathic abilities to mentalize, that is, to understand the thoughts, beliefs, and intentions of others in relation to ourselves”
From The human parental brain: In vivo neuroimaging (2011) · cites this paper as Hein and Singer, 2008
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“While affective empathy is the sharing of another ’ s emotional responses and experiences (Hein and Singer, 2008; Shamay-Tsoory, 2011), cognitive empathy re fl ects the ability to engage with and adopt others ’ perspectives and infer their mental and emotional states (Frith and Singer, 2008; Ruby…”
- Authors
- Hein, G., & Singer, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Hein, Grit
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Neurobiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 153-158
- ISSN
- 0959-4388 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2107231193
- Cited by
- 607
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 4.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.zora.uzh.ch
- Licence
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Empathy and Medical Education
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Keywords
- empathy, vicarious pain, shared pain, emotional intensity, perceived fairness, gender differences, prosocial behavior
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Dominance, Cerebral, Emotions, Empathy, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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