The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 109 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 2 of the 81 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance
Open accessAbstract
The Cardiometabolic Think Tank was convened on June 20, 2014, in Washington, DC, as a "call to action" activity focused on defining new patient care models and approaches to address contemporary issues of cardiometabolic risk and disease. Individual experts representing >20 professional organizations participated in this roundtable discussion. The Think Tank consensus was that the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex pathophysiological state comprised of a cluster of clinically measured and typically unmeasured risk factors, is progressive in its course, and is associated with serious and extensive comorbidity, but tends to be clinically under-recognized. The ideal patient care model for MetS must accurately identify those at risk before MetS develops and must recognize subtypes and stages of MetS to more effectively direct prevention and therapies. This new MetS care model introduces both affirmed and emerging concepts that will require consensus development, validation, and optimization in the future.
Overview
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Claims the paper makes
68 Not checked yet · 28 Own interpretation · 1 Supported · 1 Partly supported · 1 Own method · 1 No basis given · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“In 2009, several major organizations released a statement harmonizing the criteria for MetS, which is in use today (38).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [38] Alberti, 2009, Circulation sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Abstract says the article resulted from a meeting of several major organizations seeking to unify metabolic-syndrome criteria, and it sets out common diagnostic criteria. It does not establish that those criteria remain in use today; the paper describes its recommendations as interim and the process as evolutionary. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“In fact, in a retrospective cohort study of 1,457 diabetic patients receiving care in a PCMH academic practice, African-American patients were less likely to receive HbA 1c testing or influenza vaccination or to meet LDL or blood pressure targets than non-Hispanic Caucasians, after adjusting for multiple demographic factors and comorbidities (102).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [102] Simonetti, 2014, Racial comparisons of diabetes care and intermediate outcomes in a patient-centered medical home, Diabetes Care source
The Research Design and Methods section describes a retrospective cohort of 1,457 patients and models controlling for sociodemographic factors and health status, among other factors. The Results section reports that, after adjustment, black patients were less likely than non-Hispanic white patients to achieve LDL <100 mg/dL (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.55–0.99). (LLM, conf=0.94)
plaincorrelationaln = 1,457- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The TT recognized lifestyle, referring to physical activity and nutrition, as being a modifiable factor crucial to prevent and treat MetS and its consequences.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > LIFESTYLE.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“nor does it account for susceptibility for a given degree of adiposity, as noted earlier.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“waist circumference appeared to be a better predictor of total body fat than BMI (18).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18] Vega, 2006, Influence of body fat content and distribution on variation in metabolic risk, J Clin Endocrinol Metab source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Excess truncal fat further increased risk after adjusting for total body fat.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18] Vega, 2006, Influence of body fat content and distribution on variation in metabolic risk, J Clin Endocrinol Metab source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“For example, Malay women with MetS had different factor patterns with greater importance of hypertension, insulin resistance, and triglycerides when compared with other South Asian women (7).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [7] Ang, 2005, The metabolic syndrome in Chinese, Malays, and Asian Indians. Factor analysis of data from the 1998 Singapore National Health Survey, Diabetes Res Clin Pract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“ASCVD risk is higher with MetS in the absence of T2D compared with T2D without MetS (13.9% vs. 7.5%, respectively) (13).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [13] Alexander, 2003, NCEP-defined metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and prevalence of coronary heart disease among NHANES III participants age 50 and older, Diabetes source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“This is critical because differences in risk factor burden early in life translate into marked differences in the risk of adverse health outcomes later in life (64).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > METHODS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [64] Berry, 2012, Lifetime risks of cardiovascular disease, N Engl J Med source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Excess intra-abdominal (i.e., visceral) adipose tissue may be a primary driver of the cardiometabolic complications of obesity (43)”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > METHODS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [43] Després, 2008, Abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome: contribution to global cardiometabolic risk, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In the Hoorn study in the Netherlands, the risk of cardiovascular outcomes rose rapidly with an increasing number of MetS components, becoming statistically significant at $3 factors for men and $2 factors for women (8).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [8] Girman, 2005, An exploratory analysis of criteria for the metabolic syndrome and its prediction of long-term cardiovascular outcomes: the Hoorn study, Am J Epidemiol source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“It is imperative to recognize that MetS is not just a repackaging of its individual risk components, but, as demonstrated in at least 1 analysis, is a clinical entity associated with an increased risk of ASCVD or death, even after controlling for its component risk factors (risk ratio: 1.54; 95% confidence interval: 1.32 to 1.79) (39).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > METHODS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [39] Gami, 2007, Metabolic syndrome and risk of incident cardiovascular events and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies, J Am Coll Cardiol source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Age, race, and sex also contribute to metabolic susceptibility, in part mediated by differences in adipose tissue distribution and adipocyte size and function.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > Abstract
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings highlight the racial phenotypic variability of MetS that is not well captured by standard MetS paradigms.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“For example, multiple factors that begin before birth and continue through delivery, such as low birth weight, small head circumference, gestational diabetes, and lack of breastfeeding, place children at risk for MetS in adolescence and adulthood (65).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > METHODS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [65] Efstathiou, 2012, Metabolic syndrome in adolescence: can it be predicted from natal and parental profile? The Prediction of Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescence (PREMA) study, Circulation source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“but tends to be clinically under-recognized”
- Also stated in: § METHODS · boosted
“The importance of MetS in cardiometabolic risk remains widely under-recognized, as highlighted by the fact that several of the most recent professional society guidelines on heart disease and stroke prevention give little or no attention to its role in disease prevention (28)(29)(30)(31).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [28] Eckel, 2014, 2013 AHA/ACC guideline on lifestyle management to reduce cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, J Am Coll Cardiol source
- Not checked yetcites [29] Goff, 2014, 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, J Am Coll Cardiol source
- Not checked yetcites [30] Stone, 2014, 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, J Am Coll Cardiol source
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § METHODS · boosted
In the paper
“An increase in VAT is thought to reflect the relative inability of the subcutaneous adipose tissue depot to sufficiently expand its clearance and storage capacity in response to caloric excess (44).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > METHODS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [44] McLaughlin, 2011, Preferential fat deposition in subcutaneous versus visceral depots is associated with insulin sensitivity, J Clin Endocrinol Metab source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“but does not accurately assess that risk”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
In the paper
“Conversely, lower body subcutaneous fat was protective”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18] Vega, 2006, Influence of body fat content and distribution on variation in metabolic risk, J Clin Endocrinol Metab source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is imperative to recognize that MetS is not just a repackaging of its individual risk components”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > METHODS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rather, it appears that risk for MetS varies substantially by distribution of both adipocyte and nonadipocyte (ectopic) fat, as well as by adipocyte size and function.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > METHODS
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
In the paper
“Given these findings, using a combination of BMI and waist circumference in MetS risk assessment may prove better than either measure alone (22).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [22] Cerhan, 2014, A pooled analysis of waist circumference and mortality in 650,000 adults, Mayo Clin Proc source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, ASCVD risk rises exponentially as the number of MetS elements increases.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“A meta-analysis, including 87 studies with 951,083 patients, demonstrated that MetS was associated with a >2-fold increased risk for ASCVD and cardiovascular mortality (9).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [9] Mottillo, 2010, The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis, J Am Coll Cardiol source
boostedcorrelationaln = 951,083- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) appears to be associated with dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis, regardless of sex or race (19).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [19] Neeland, 2013, Associations of visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue with markers of cardiac and metabolic risk in obese adults, Obesity (Silver Spring) source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In the Dallas Heart Study, total body fat correlated with multiple metabolic risk factors, including insulin resistance.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18] Vega, 2006, Influence of body fat content and distribution on variation in metabolic risk, J Clin Endocrinol Metab source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Finally, adipocyte size and lack of hyperplasia is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction, inflammatory markers, and insulin resistance (20,21).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [20] McLaughlin, 2010, Inflammation in subcutaneous adipose tissue: relationship to adipose cell size, Diabetologia source
- Not checked yetcites [21] McLaughlin, 2007, Enhanced proportion of small adipose cells in insulin-resistant vs insulin-sensitive obese individuals implicates impaired adipogenesis, Diabetologia source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is also a limited evidence base for addressing disparities.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
plainn = 1,457- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The prevalence of MetS increases dramatically with increasing obesity.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [14] Ervin, 2009, Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adults 20 years of age and over, by sex, age, race and ethnicity, and body mass index: United States, 2003–2006, Natl Stat Health Report
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The ACO is another mechanism relevant to implementing a new MetS care model.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The ACO is a larger organization than the PCMH that includes hospitals and specialty care.
- Rests on an assumption: Compared with many PCMH models, the ACO's reimbursement changes and cost-saving goals are more explicit and are better aligned to facilitate coordinated care.
In the paper
“Even in the presence of MetS, increased physical activity is associated with a substantially lower risk of ASCVD (68).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > LIFESTYLE.
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [68] Broekhuizen, 2011, Physical activity, metabolic syndrome, and coronary risk: the Epic-Norfolk prospective population study, Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“do not specifically address the effectiveness of these strategies, nor have most studies demonstrated overall short-term cost savings (100).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [100] Edwards, 2014, Structuring payment to medical homes after the Affordable Care Act, J Gen Intern Med source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“Araneta et al. (92) piloted a 12-week Zumba fitness program in sedentary obese women with $2 MetS criteria (77% ethnic minorities), demonstrating significant blood pressure and fasting triglyceride reductions among the participants.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [92] Araneta, 2014, Benefits of Zumba fitness among sedentary adults with components of the metabolic syndrome: a pilot study, J Sports Med Phys Fitness
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Most ACO models are very new, but available evaluations indicate that health care spending has declined.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [103] McWilliams, 2013, Changes in health care spending and quality for Medicare beneficiaries associated with a commercial ACO contract, JAMA source
- Not checked yetcites [104] Colla, 2012, Spending differences associated with the Medicare Physician Group Practice Demonstration, JAMA source
- Not checked yetcites [105] Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Pioneer accountable care organizations succeed in improving care, lowering costs. July 16, 2013. Available at: http://www.cms.gov/Newsroom/MediaReleaseDatabase/Press-Releases/2013-Press-Releases-Items/2013-07-16.html. Accessed June 30, 2015.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The investigators also conducted a 48-week randomized controlled trial comparing restorative yoga to active stretching among adults with MetS, finding significantly lower fasting glucose in the yoga group at 12 months (93).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [93] Kanaya, 2014, Restorative yoga and metabolic risk factors: The Practicing Restorative Yoga vs. Stretching for the Metabolic Syndrome (PRYSMS) randomized trial, J Diabetes source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In fact, in a retrospective cohort study of 1,457 diabetic patients receiving care in a PCMH academic practice, African-American patients were less likely to receive HbA 1c testing or influenza vaccination or to meet LDL or blood pressure targets than non-Hispanic Caucasians, after adjusting for multiple demographic factors and comorbidities (102).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [102] Simonetti, 2014, Racial comparisons of diabetes care and intermediate outcomes in a patient-centered medical home, Diabetes Care source
plaincorrelationaln = 1,457- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Appropriate nutritional choices can also modify the risk of cardiometabolic disease.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > LIFESTYLE.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“For example, current guidelines do not recognize racial-specific differences in lipid levels between Caucasian and African-American populations(30).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [30] Stone, 2014, 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, J Am Coll Cardiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“A systematic review of randomized controlled trials on worksite wellness programs demonstrated a statistically significant 3-lb weight reduction and 0.5 kg/m 2 BMI reduction over 6 to 12 months (81).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [81] Anderson, 2009, The effectiveness of worksite nutrition and physical activity interventions for controlling employee overweight and obesity: a systematic review, Am J Prev Med source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In fact, in a retrospective cohort study of 1,457 diabetic patients receiving care in a PCMH academic practice, African-American patients were less likely to receive HbA 1c testing or influenza vaccination or to meet LDL or blood pressure targets than non-Hispanic Caucasians, after adjusting for multiple demographic factors and comorbidities (102).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [102] Simonetti, 2014, Racial comparisons of diabetes care and intermediate outcomes in a patient-centered medical home, Diabetes Care source
plaincorrelationaln = 1,457- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“A recent review of 27 PCMH studies found that only 11 provided any detail on their financial models (101).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [101] Williams, 2012
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In fact, in a retrospective cohort study of 1,457 diabetic patients receiving care in a PCMH academic practice, African-American patients were less likely to receive HbA 1c testing or influenza vaccination or to meet LDL or blood pressure targets than non-Hispanic Caucasians, after adjusting for multiple demographic factors and comorbidities (102).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [102] Simonetti, 2014, Racial comparisons of diabetes care and intermediate outcomes in a patient-centered medical home, Diabetes Care source
plaincorrelationaln = 1,457- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“According to a Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services release of 1-year data, ACOs have also slowed cost growth (0.3% vs. 0.8% in 2012), reduced readmission rates, improved blood pressure control, and better assessed LDL in patients with T2D (105).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [105] Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Pioneer accountable care organizations succeed in improving care, lowering costs. July 16, 2013. Available at: http://www.cms.gov/Newsroom/MediaReleaseDatabase/Press-Releases/2013-Press-Releases-Items/2013-07-16.html. Accessed June 30, 2015.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“According to a Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services release of 1-year data, ACOs have also slowed cost growth (0.3% vs. 0.8% in 2012), reduced readmission rates, improved blood pressure control, and better assessed LDL in patients with T2D (105).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [105] Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Pioneer accountable care organizations succeed in improving care, lowering costs. July 16, 2013. Available at: http://www.cms.gov/Newsroom/MediaReleaseDatabase/Press-Releases/2013-Press-Releases-Items/2013-07-16.html. Accessed June 30, 2015.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In addition to cost savings, ACOs have successfully implemented quality improvement initiatives, as demonstrated by 1 evaluation in 11 primary care clinics that employed care coordination, a care gap summary tool, staff education, and workflow redesign (106).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [106] Wilkinson, 2013, Promoting preventive health screening through the use of a clinical reminder tool: an accountable care organization quality improvement initiative, J Healthc Qual source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“According to a Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services release of 1-year data, ACOs have also slowed cost growth (0.3% vs. 0.8% in 2012), reduced readmission rates, improved blood pressure control, and better assessed LDL in patients with T2D (105).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [105] Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Pioneer accountable care organizations succeed in improving care, lowering costs. July 16, 2013. Available at: http://www.cms.gov/Newsroom/MediaReleaseDatabase/Press-Releases/2013-Press-Releases-Items/2013-07-16.html. Accessed June 30, 2015.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“According to a Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services release of 1-year data, ACOs have also slowed cost growth (0.3% vs. 0.8% in 2012), reduced readmission rates, improved blood pressure control, and better assessed LDL in patients with T2D (105).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [105] Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Pioneer accountable care organizations succeed in improving care, lowering costs. July 16, 2013. Available at: http://www.cms.gov/Newsroom/MediaReleaseDatabase/Press-Releases/2013-Press-Releases-Items/2013-07-16.html. Accessed June 30, 2015.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 39
- Probably not a substantial claim. 20
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Factor analysis in epidemiological studies in different populations, including adolescents and ethnic minorities, demonstrates clustering of risk in the domains of adiposity and/or dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia or insulin resistance, and hypertension that explain 37% to 70% of variation and vary by sex and race (4-7).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [4] Goodman, 2005, Factor analysis of clustered cardiovascular risks in adolescence: obesity is the predominant correlate of risk among youth, Circulation source
- Not checked yetcites [5] Hanley, 2002, Factor analysis of metabolic syndrome using directly measured insulin sensitivity: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study, Diabetes source
- Not checked yetcites [6] Hodge, 2001, Leptin and other components of the Metabolic Syndrome in Mauritius—a factor analysis, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord source
- Not checked yetcites [7] Ang, 2005, The metabolic syndrome in Chinese, Malays, and Asian Indians. Factor analysis of data from the 1998 Singapore National Health Survey, Diabetes Res Clin Pract
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Think Tank consensus was that the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex pathophysiological state comprised of a cluster of clinically measured and typically unmeasured risk factors”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“AC.3.Risk for adverse health outcomes increases substantially with accumulation of component MetS risk factors, in addition to unmeasured (”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Another concept essential to the MetS definition is that people with MetS have or are at risk for multi-end-organ damage.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > METHODS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, there is a growing appreciation that obesity per se, as defined by simple anthropometric measures, such as BMI or waist circumference, is neither a necessary nor a sufficient descriptor of MetS and its consequences.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > METHODS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“MetS is present in w50% of patients with diagnosed vascular disease and may be even more prevalent among women with ASCVD (10,11).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] Gorter, 2004, Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease or abdominal aortic aneurysm, Atherosclerosis source
- Not checked yetcites [11] Brevetti, 2006, Metabolic syndrome in peripheral arterial disease: relationship with severity of peripheral circulatory insufficiency, inflammatory status, and cardiovascular comorbidity, J Vasc Surg source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The latest prevalence estimates of MetS in men and women are 35% and 33%, respectively (42).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > METHODS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [42] Go, 2014, Heart disease and stroke statistics—2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association, Circulation
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Excess ectopic and/or visceral adiposity is fundamental to the pathophysiology of MetS.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In the Framingham Offspring Study, both MetS and T2D increased the risk of stroke by approximately 2-fold, and those patients with both had an even higher risk (12).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [12] Najarian, 2006, Metabolic syndrome compared with type 2 diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Offspring study, Arch Intern Med source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Similarly, Filipina women may have higher waist circumference and truncal fat and 3-to 4-fold higher rates of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and MetS compared with Caucasian women, controlling for other factors (17).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [17] Araneta, 2002, Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in Filipina-American women, Diabetes Care source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because forecasts suggest that over one-half of the U.S. population will be obese by the year 2030, rates of MetS will almost certainly increase over the next decade.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > METHODS
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“is associated with serious and extensive comorbidity”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“AC.4.Obesity is a MetS risk factor that is imperfectly gauged by body mass index and/or waist circumference, and is modulated by adipocyte distribution, size, and function, as well as race, behavior, and lifestyle.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“AC.1.Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a progressive pathophysiological state associated with substantially increased risk for development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“AC.2.MetS is clinically manifested by a cluster of risk factors that are causally inter-related (not aggregating by chance alone).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, the current definition of MetS identifies a population at increased ASCVD risk”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“is progressive in its course”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“For example, South Asians have higher body fat content, waist to hip ratio, visceral fat to subcutaneous fat ratio, and adipocyte area than Caucasians matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) (15,16).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15] Anand, 2011, Adipocyte hypertrophy, fatty liver, and metabolic risk factors in South Asians: The Molecular Study of Health and Risk in Ethnic Groups (mol-SHARE), PLOS One source
- Not checked yetcites [16] Chandalia, 2007, Insulin resistance and body fat distribution in South Asian men compared to Caucasian men, PLOS One source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The TT identified disparity in care of patients with MetS to be a critical area for improvement.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“The Healthy Living Partnerships to Prevent Diabetes Study implemented a DPP-like lifestyle weight-loss program over 2 years by using a local diabetes education program with community health workers, involving weekly visits over the first 6 months and twice monthly visits over the next 18 months (83).Among 301 randomized patients, the intervention group achieved significant reductions in weight, B”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [83] Katula, 2013, The Healthy Living Partnerships to Prevent Diabetes study: 2-year outcomes of a randomized controlled trial, Am J Prev Med source
plaindirectn = 301- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Medicare beneficiaries in the same market as a commercial ACO realized decreases in total health care spending over 2 years, primarily due to reduced outpatient office visits, minor procedures, imaging, and laboratories.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [103] McWilliams, 2013, Changes in health care spending and quality for Medicare beneficiaries associated with a commercial ACO contract, JAMA source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Although larger provider groups attenuated racial disparities in some areas, they did not change disparities on other metrics, such as hospitalization rates (107).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > LIFESTYLE.
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [107] Anderson, 2014, Quality of care and racial disparities in Medicare among potential ACOs, J Gen Intern Med source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“An extension study in which both the control and intervention arms were offered an 8-month lifestyle maintenance program found that both groups maintained weight changes compared with baseline, and those in the initial intervention group lost a further 1.5% of body weight, with significant decreases in total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure (79).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [79] Ackermann, 2011, Long-term effects of a community-based lifestyle intervention to prevent type 2 diabetes: the DEPLOY extension pilot study, Chronic Illn source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A randomized controlled trial in 2 community health centers enrolled 525 patients with uncontrolled ASCVD, T2D, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia; results showed that pairing nurse practitioners and community health workers demonstrated significant reductions in blood pressure, cholesterol, and HbA 1c over 1 year of follow-up compared with usual care (86).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [86] Allen, 2011, Community Outreach and Cardiovascular Health (COACH) trial: a randomized, controlled trial of nurse practitioner/community health worker cardiovascular disease risk reduction in urban community health centers, Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes source
boosteddirectn = 525- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition to this and other race-specific issues, however, TT participants recognized that wellintentioned alteration of existing diagnostic criteria around racial differences could stigmatize minority populations and lead to undesirable consequences.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
hedgeddirect- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The TT acknowledges that the concepts of staging and subtyping are works in progress and require further modification, testing, and validation before they can be used routinely in clinical care.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial provides the longest-term evidence of the effect of an intensive lifestyle intervention in overweight and obese adults with T2D.The curriculum was modified from the DPP and included structured meal plans and moderate exercise up to 200 min/week.At 8 years, 50.3% in the intervention group versus 35.7% in the usual care group lost $5% of body”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [84] 2014, Eight-year weight losses with an intensive lifestyle intervention: the Look AHEAD Study, Obesity (Silver Spring) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Several dietary patterns, such as the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) and Mediterranean diets, may reduce blood pressure, improve lipids, reduce inflammation, and reduce risk for ASCVD (28,70).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > LIFESTYLE.
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [28] Eckel, 2014, 2013 AHA/ACC guideline on lifestyle management to reduce cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, J Am Coll Cardiol source
- Not checked yetcites [70] Estruch, 2013, Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet, N Engl J Med source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“On average, African-Americans have higher HDL-C and lower triglyceride levels(72).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [72] Frank, 2014, Racial/ethnic differences in dyslipidemia patterns, Circulation source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The Group Health Cooperative reduced physician panel sizes, increased ancillary staff, lengthened visit times, and provided time for team care planning, in addition to expanding technology to better engage patients.Comparison with control clinics in the area demonstrated better patient satisfaction scores, reduced provider burnout, improved performance on quality of care metrics, and reduced”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [97] Reid, 2010, The Group Health medical home at year two: cost savings, higher patient satisfaction, and less burnout for providers, Health Aff (Millwood) source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For example, the Geisinger ProvenHealth Navigator demonstrated a reduction in the incidence of end-stage renal disease and amputation among patients with T2D over 4 years, although without a change in myocardial infarction or stroke (98).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [98] Maeng, 2012, Can a patient-centered medical home lead to better patient outcomes? The quality implications of Geisinger's ProvenHealth Navigator, Am J Med Qual source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Many observational studies show an association between higher levels of physical activity and lower rates of chronic diseases and increased longevity (67).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > LIFESTYLE.
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [67] Warburton, 2010, A systematic review of the evidence for Canada's Physical Activity Guidelines for Adults, Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Second, participants felt that better metrics are needed to define abdominal obesity, as current definitions are imprecise and not well suited for many populations.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > LIFESTYLE.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“KF.2.The presence of ectopic fat and/or visceral adipose tissue is critical to the pathogenesis of MetS and may explain some of the variability in phenotypic presentation across racial groups.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Evaluation of another such model in West Virginia found that an EHR-based screening tool identified 11% of over 94,000 patients as being at risk for T2D (99), enabling the facility to better screen and connect patients to local lifestyle intervention programs.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [99] Baus, 2013, Registry-based diabetes risk detection schema for the systematic identification of patients at risk for diabetes in West Virginia primary care centers, Perspect Health Inf Manag
plaindirectn = 94,000- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This paradox may translate to underdiagnosis of MetS in African-Americans using current diagnostic criteria, which would likely result in lack of treatment of MetS in this population.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A program targeting a predominantly low-income non-Caucasian urban population delivered a lifestyle intervention in 12 weeks using group sessions and found significant reductions in the proportion of subjects meeting the MetS waist circumference (90% to 68%; p ¼ 0.009) and hypertension (68% to 48%; p ¼ 0.04) criteria over 6 months.At 3 months, 46.4% lost $5% of body weight and 26% lost $7% of body”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [91] Seidel, 2008, Translating the Diabetes Prevention Program into an urban medically underserved community: a non-randomized prospective intervention study, Diabetes Care source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In another study of 36 family practices implementing PCMH components over 26 months, improvement was seen in prevention and chronic care quality metrics, but not in patient-assessed outcomes (96).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [96] Jaén, 2010, Patient outcomes at 26 months in the patient-centered medical home National Demonstration Project, Ann Fam Med source
plainn = 36- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“KF.1.MetS is a cluster of risk factors, both formally defined and less well recognized, that increase the risk of certain diseases.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The DEPLOY (Diabetes Education & Prevention with a Lifestyle Intervention Offered at the YMCA) study was a pilot clusterrandomized trial comparing group-based DPP lifestyle intervention through a Young Men's Christian Association (16 group sessions with goals of 5% to 7% reduction in baseline body weight and 150 min/ week of moderate exercise) with brief counseling.Among 92 randomized participants”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [78] Ackermann, 2008, Translating the Diabetes Prevention Program in the community. The Deploy Pilot Study, Am J Prev Med source
plaindirectn = 92- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“Although different financial models have been proposed and are incorporated in some PCMH models, evaluations do not specifically address the effectiveness of these strategies, nor have most studies demonstrated overall short-term cost savings (100).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [100] Edwards, 2014, Structuring payment to medical homes after the Affordable Care Act, J Gen Intern Med source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“African-American beneficiaries with T2D were less likely to receive LDL testing and retinal examinations and were more likely to be hospitalized than Caucasian beneficiaries.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > LIFESTYLE.
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [107] Anderson, 2014, Quality of care and racial disparities in Medicare among potential ACOs, J Gen Intern Med source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In 2005, the NCEP-ATP III criteria were modified to suggest lower waist circumference cutpoints for Asian Americans ($90 cm [35 inches] in men and $80 cm [31 inches] in women) (2).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [2] Grundy, 2005, Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement, Circulation source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In men in the NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) from 2003 to 2006, MetS was present in 6.8% of normal weight, 29.8 % of overweight, and 65% of obese individuals (14).Similarly, among women, 9.3% of normal weight, 33.1% of overweight, and 56.1% of obese individuals had MetS (14).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [14] Ervin, 2009, Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adults 20 years of age and over, by sex, age, race and ethnicity, and body mass index: United States, 2003–2006, Natl Stat Health Report
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Finally, peer leaders can effectively provide education and support for lifestyle.This was demonstrated in a study where 116 Latino adults with T2D were randomized to receive diabetes self-management education and either 12 months of weekly group sessions with peer leaders or 12 months of telephone outreach with health workers (87).Both groups achieved significant HbA 1c , blood pressure, and”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [87] Tang, 2014, Comparative effectiveness of peer leaders and community health workers in diabetes self-management support: results of a randomized controlled trial, Diabetes Care source
boosteddirectn = 116- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In Colorado Heart Healthy Solutions, community health workers conducted screenings, assessed readiness for change, and provided education and medical referrals to patients with an uncontrolled risk factor for coronary heart disease or a Framingham Risk Score $10%.They provided further phone follow-up, and found significant reductions in Framingham Risk score, blood pressure, and cholesterol at ret”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [85] Krantz, 2013, Effectiveness of a community health worker cardiovascular risk reduction program in public health and health care settings, Am J Public Health source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“A systematic review of 31 studies found a positive effect of components of the PCMH model on patient and staff experiences, as well as positive effects on preventive services, with reduction in emergency department visits in older adults, but no effect on hospital admissions or total costs (95).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [95] Jackson, 2013, Improving patient care. The patient centered medical home. A systematic review, Ann Intern Med source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Recently, the AACE and the American College of Endocrinology developed an advanced framework for defining obesity as a chronic disease characterized by pathophysiological processes that result in increased adipose tissue mass and can result in increased morbidity and mortality (40), with MetS as 1 such important consequence.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [40] Garvey, 2014, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology Position Statement on the 2014 advanced framework for a new diagnosis of obesity as a chronic disease, Endocr Pract source
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“MetS consists of elements that do not aggregate by chance alone and are causally inter-related, and each element contributes independently to an increased risk for ASCVD (3).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [3] Yudkin, 2004, Low-grade inflammation may play a role in the etiology of the metabolic syndrome in patients with coronary heart disease: the HIFMECH Study, Metabolism source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Another cultural adaptation of the DPP in African-American churches involved 37 participants and compared an abbreviated 6-week program to a longer 16-week program; it found that fasting glucose and BMI decreased significantly in both groups at 12 months (90).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [90] Boltri, 2011, Translation of the National Institutes of Health Diabetes Prevention Program in African American churches, J Natl Med Assoc
plaindirectn = 37- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To emphasize the importance of addressing disparities, the TT discussed key studies such as the Lawrence Latino Diabetes Prevention project (89), which recruited 312 participants at high risk for T2D for a lifestyle intervention involving 3 individual and 13 group sessions over 12 months versus usual care.The curriculum was adapted to address knowledge gaps and language barriers, customize dietary”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [89] Ockene, 2012, Outcomes of a Latino community-based intervention for the prevention of diabetes: the Lawrence Latino Diabetes Prevention Project, Am J Public Health source
plaindirectn = 312- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“There were some improvements in LDL testing for patients with T2D and ASCVD but not on other quality metrics (103).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [103] McWilliams, 2013, Changes in health care spending and quality for Medicare beneficiaries associated with a commercial ACO contract, JAMA source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“An evaluation of Medicare enrollees in the Medicare Physician Group Practice Demonstration compared with control subjects found that the savings were highest for acute care and dually-eligible beneficiaries, with an overall reduction in 30-day medical readmissions (104).”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [104] Colla, 2012, Spending differences associated with the Medicare Physician Group Practice Demonstration, JAMA source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
There is no targeted comprehensive care approach to address the needs of MetS patients.
“Second, there is no targeted comprehensive care approach to address the needs of MetS patients.”
The paper relies on this without support.
There is no system to implement risk reduction and disease prevention for MetS.
“Third, assuming there was such an approach, there is no system to implement risk reduction and disease prevention.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The term MetS is the term most often used in scientific published data and by health care professionals.
“TT participants concluded that MetS was the term most often used in the scientific published data and by health care professionals.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Susceptibility to MetS transcends obesity, as there are obese individuals without MetS and nonobese individuals with MetS.
“Susceptibility to MetS transcends obesity, however, as there are obese individuals without MetS and nonobese individuals with MetS.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Several factors modulate the prevalence of MetS in the presence of obesity, including lifestyle factors such as poor nutritional quality and lack of physical activity.
“Several factors modulate the prevalence of MetS in the presence of obesity, including lifestyle factors such as poor nutritional quality and lack of physical activity.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Although risk for adverse outcomes generally increases with each subsequent stage of MetS, the absolute risk for developing MetS consequences varies substantially within populations.
“It should be noted that although risk for adverse outcomes generally increases with each subsequent stage, the absolute risk for developing MetS consequences varies substantially within populations.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Integrated health networks allow patients to monitor their own progress, which improves self-motivation and patient engagement in self-care.
“Integrated health networks allow patients to monitor their own progress, which improves selfmotivation and patient engagement in self-care.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The NCEP-ATP III criteria do not fully encompass the pathophysiological complexity of the syndrome, recognize predisposition to different types of end-organ damage, or account for health disparities according to race, sex, or socioeconomic status, in screening for or treating the syndrome.
“However, these criteria do not fully encompass the pathophysiological complexity of the syndrome, recognize predisposition to different types of end-organ damage, or account for health disparities according to race, sex, or socioeconomic status, in screening for or treating the syndrome.”
The paper relies on this without support.
MetS is typically under-recognized in the clinical setting, even just on the basis of the 5 standard criteria.
“MetS is typically under-recognized in the clinical setting, even just on the basis of the 5 standard criteria.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Additional elements of MetS include high apolipoprotein B, small low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and prothrombotic and proinflammatory states.
“Additional elements of MetS include high apolipoprotein B, small low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and prothrombotic and proinflammatory states.”
The paper relies on this without support.
These additional elements are less widely appreciated as components of MetS and are not typically measured in a clinical setting.
“Not only are these less widely appreciated as components of MetS, but they are also not typically measured in a clinical setting.”
The paper relies on this without support.
There is significant heterogeneity of expert opinion as to what constitutes MetS, to what degree it represents a syndrome or a disease, and whether it has any health-related effects.
“There is significant heterogeneity of expert opinion as to what constitutes MetS, to what degree it represents a syndrome or a disease, and whether it has any health-related effects”
The paper relies on this without support.
Disparity can manifest as decreased accessibility to health care and failure to recognize or appropriately treat at-risk populations.
“Disparity can manifest as decreased accessibility to health care and failure to recognize or appropriately treat at-risk populations.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Other nonracial, high-risk, under-represented populations likely requiring more intensive consideration include patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, cancer survivors, individuals with severe mental illness, and children with developmental disabilities.
“Other nonracial, high-risk, under-represented populations likely requiring more intensive consideration include patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, cancer survivors, individuals with severe mental illness, and children with developmental disabilities.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Many provisions of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) would support this implementation.
“It is important to note that many of the provisions of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) would support this implementation.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The PCMH addresses each of the aforementioned principles of care model implementation.
“To varying degrees, the PCMH addresses each of the aforementioned principles of care model implementation.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Comparisons across studies on the PCMH are often difficult because of differences in definition and focus.
“However, comparisons across studies on the PCMH are often difficult because of differences in definition and focus.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Long-term data on PCMH models is limited, as most of these models were implemented over the last 5 to 10 years.
“Long-term data is also limited, as most of these models were implemented over the last 5 to 10 years.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The PCMH model affects MetS sequelae and outcomes.
“The PCMH model affects MetS sequelae and outcomes.”
The paper relies on this without support.
There is less published data available to assess PCMH reimbursement strategies to facilitate coordinated care or on how this model addresses health care disparities.
“There is less published data available to assess PCMH reimbursement strategies to facilitate coordinated care or on how this model addresses health care disparities.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The ACO is a larger organization than the PCMH that includes hospitals and specialty care.
“Although the PCMH focuses on coordination at the level of primary care, the ACO is a larger organization that includes hospitals and specialty care.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Compared with many PCMH models, the ACO's reimbursement changes and cost-saving goals are more explicit and are better aligned to facilitate coordinated care.
“Compared with many PCMH models, the ACO's reimbursement changes and cost-saving goals are more explicit and are better aligned to facilitate coordinated care.”
The paper relies on this without support.
ACO design has not specifically addressed health care disparities.
“Although integration of care into larger organizations may address health care disparities, this has not been specifically addressed in ACO design.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“There is an increasing appreciation of the common pathophysiology and interrelationship of cardiometabolic risk factors leading to both adverse cardiovascular and adverse kidney outcomes in people with diabetes, including ASCVD, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (16).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Existing research indicates that metabolic syndrome is closely associated with diet [6].”
From Impact of Dietary Patterns on Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study (2024) · cites this paper as [6]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
“The plan has 5 primary strategies and proposes evidence-based interventions within 8 economic sectors.”
§ STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance Working Toward a New Care Model for the Metabolic Syndrome > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
“Involved sectors include: business and industry; education; health care; mass media; parks, recreation, fitness, and sports; public health; transportation; land use; community design; volunteer; and nonprofit.”
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
RETRACTED: Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet
Estruch, R., Ros, E., Salas-Salvadó, J., Covas, M.-I., Corella, D., Arós, F., Gómez-Gracia, E., Ruiz-Gutiérrez, V., Fiol, M., Lapetra, J., et al. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1200303 · Cited by 4,257
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Self-citationDetection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)
Grundy, S. M., Becker, D. M., Clark, L. T., Cooper, R., Denke, M. A., Howard, J. L., Hunninghake, D. B., Illingworth, D. R., Luepker, R. V., McBride, P. E., et al. (2002) · Civil War Book Review · Cited by 12,198
Self-citationRole of Insulin Resistance in Human Disease
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Grundy, S. M., Cleeman, J. I., Daniels, S. R., Donato, K. A., Eckel, R. H., Franklin, B. A., Gordon, D. J., Krauss, R. M., Savage, P. J., Smith, S. C., et al. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.169404 · Cited by 11,961
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Self-citationHeart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2015 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
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Self-citationCircadian clocks and insulin resistance
Stenvers, D. J., Scheer, F. A. J. L., Schrauwen, P., la Fleur, S. E., & Kalsbeek, A. (2019) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-018-0122-1 · Cited by 733
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Metadata
- Authors
- Sperling, L. S., Mechanick, J. I., Neeland, I. J., Herrick, C. J., Després, J.-P., Ndumele, C. E., Vijayaraghavan, K., Handelsman, Y., Puckrein, G. A., Araneta, M. R. G., Blum, Q. K., Collins, K. K., Cook, S., Dhurandhar, N. V., Dixon, D. L., Egan, B. M., Ferdinand, D. P., Herman, L. M., Hessen, S. E., Jacobson, T. A., Pate, R. R., Ratner, R. E., Brinton, E. A., Forker, A. D., Ritzenthaler, L. L., & Grundy, S. M.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CA)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- National Quality Forum (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Inova Fairfax Hospital (US)
- American Academy of Pediatrics (US)
- Texas Tech University (US)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- University of South Carolina (US)
- New York Institute of Technology (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- American Diabetes Association (US)
- Foundation for Biomedical Research (US)
- University of Missouri–Kansas City (US)
- American College of Cardiology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sperling, Laurence S.
- ORCID
- Sperling, Laurence S.
- Mechanick, Jeffrey I.
- Neeland, Ian J.
- Herrick, Cynthia J.
- Després, Jean-Pierre
- Ndumele, Chiadi E.
- Vijayaraghavan, Krishnaswami
- Handelsman, Yehuda
- Puckrein, Gary A.
- Araneta, Maria Rosario G.
- Collins, Karen K.
- Cook, Stephen
- Dhurandhar, Nikhil V.
- Dixon, Dave L.
- Egan, Brent M.
- Ferdinand, Daphne P.
- Herman, Lawrence M.
- Jacobson, Terry A.
- Pate, Russell R.
- Brinton, Eliot A.
- Grundy, Scott M.
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-09
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1050-1067
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1152644542
- Cited by
- 294
- References
- 109
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 3.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Keywords
- metabolic syndrome, cardiometabolic risk, patient care model, metabolic syndrome prevention, metabolic syndrome risk factors, consensus development
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, District of Columbia, Health Promotion, Humans, Hypertension, Models, Cardiovascular, Obesity, Societies, Medical, Survival Analysis, Treatment Outcome, Evidence-Based Medicine, Metabolic Syndrome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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