Cited by 1,098

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Cell Biology of Astrocyte-Synapse Interactions

Allen, Nicola J., Eroglu, Cagla·2017·Neuron

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.09.056

Cites

22 of 22 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Aberrant function of astrocytes can have detrimental effects on neuronal plasticity.

    “These findings are in agreement with previous studies showing that aberrant function of astrocytes can have detrimental effects on neuronal plasticity [85].”

    From A role for astrocytic miR-129-5p in frontotemporal dementia (2025) · cites this paper as [85]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 112

  1. Agulhon, 2008, What is the role of astrocyte calcium in neurophysiology?, Neuron, 59, 932, 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.09.004 · DOI
  2. Albrecht, 2012, SPARC prevents maturation of cholinergic presynaptic terminals, Mol. Cell. Neurosci., 49, 364, 10.1016/j.mcn.2012.01.005 · DOI
  3. Allen, 2014, Astrocyte regulation of synaptic behavior, Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol., 30, 439, 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100913-013053 · DOI · Paper page
  4. Araque, 1999, Tripartite synapses: glia, the unacknowledged partner, Trends Neurosci., 22, 208, 10.1016/S0166-2236(98)01349-6 · DOI · Paper page
  5. Baldwin, 2017, Molecular mechanisms of astrocyte-induced synaptogenesis, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 45, 113, 10.1016/j.conb.2017.05.006 · DOI
  6. Ballas, 2009, Non-cell autonomous influence of MeCP2-deficient glia on neuronal dendritic morphology, Nat. Neurosci., 12, 311, 10.1038/nn.2275 · DOI · Paper page
  7. Barker, 2008, Developmental control of synaptic receptivity, J. Neurosci., 28, 8150, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1744-08.2008 · DOI
  8. Bayraktar, 2014, Astrocyte development and heterogeneity, Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol., 7, a020362, 10.1101/cshperspect.a020362 · DOI
  9. Bernardinelli, 2014, Activity-dependent structural plasticity of perisynaptic astrocytic domains promotes excitatory synapse stability, Curr. Biol., 24, 1679, 10.1016/j.cub.2014.06.025 · DOI · Paper page
  10. Bialas, 2013, TGF-β signaling regulates neuronal C1q expression and developmental synaptic refinement, Nat. Neurosci., 16, 1773, 10.1038/nn.3560 · DOI · Paper page
  11. Blanco-Suárez, 2017, Role of astrocyte-synapse interactions in CNS disorders, J. Physiol., 595, 1903, 10.1113/JP270988 · DOI
  12. Buosi, 2017, Heterogeneity in synaptogenic profile of astrocytes from different brain regions, Mol. Neurobiol.
  13. Bushong, 2002, Protoplasmic astrocytes in CA1 stratum radiatum occupy separate anatomical domains, J. Neurosci., 22, 183, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-01-00183.2002 · DOI · Paper page
  14. Bushong, 2004, Maturation of astrocyte morphology and the establishment of astrocyte domains during postnatal hippocampal development, Int. J. Dev. Neurosci., 22, 73, 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2003.12.008 · DOI
  15. Cao, 2007, Schwann cell-derived factors modulate synaptic activities at developing neuromuscular synapses, J. Neurosci., 27, 6712, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1329-07.2007 · DOI
  16. Chai, 2017, Neural circuit-specialized astrocytes: transcriptomic, proteomic, morphological, and functional evidence, Neuron, 95, 531, 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.029 · DOI · Paper page
  17. Cheng, 2016, Astrocyte-secreted thrombospondin-1 modulates synapse and spine defects in the fragile X mouse model, Mol. Brain, 9, 74, 10.1186/s13041-016-0256-9 · DOI · Paper page
  18. Christopherson, 2005, Thrombospondins are astrocyte-secreted proteins that promote CNS synaptogenesis, Cell, 120, 421, 10.1016/j.cell.2004.12.020 · DOI · Paper page
  19. Ciani, 2011, Wnt7a signaling promotes dendritic spine growth and synaptic strength through Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 10732, 10.1073/pnas.1018132108 · DOI
  20. Colón-Ramos, 2007, Glia promote local synaptogenesis through UNC-6 (netrin) signaling in C. elegans, Science, 318, 103, 10.1126/science.1143762 · DOI
  21. Cuevas, 2005, The presence of glia stimulates the appearance of glycinergic synaptic transmission in spinal cord neurons, Mol. Cell. Neurosci., 28, 770, 10.1016/j.mcn.2005.01.001 · DOI
  22. Darmanis, 2015, A survey of human brain transcriptome diversity at the single cell level, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, 7285, 10.1073/pnas.1507125112 · DOI · Paper page
  23. Ding, 2013, α1-Adrenergic receptors mediate coordinated Ca2+ signaling of cortical astrocytes in awake, behaving mice, Cell Calcium, 54, 387, 10.1016/j.ceca.2013.09.001 · DOI
  24. Diniz, 2012, Astrocyte-induced synaptogenesis is mediated by transforming growth factor beta signaling through modulation of D-serine levels in cerebral cortex neurons, J. Biol. Chem., 287, 41432, 10.1074/jbc.M112.380824 · DOI
  25. Diniz, 2014, Astrocyte transforming growth factor beta 1 promotes inhibitory synapse formation via CaM kinase II signaling, Glia, 62, 1917, 10.1002/glia.22713 · DOI
  26. Djukic, 2007, Conditional knock-out of Kir4.1 leads to glial membrane depolarization, inhibition of potassium and glutamate uptake, and enhanced short-term synaptic potentiation, J. Neurosci., 27, 11354, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0723-07.2007 · DOI
  27. Ebrahimi, 2016, Astrocyte-expressed FABP7 regulates dendritic morphology and excitatory synaptic function of cortical neurons, Glia, 64, 48, 10.1002/glia.22902 · DOI
  28. Elmariah, 2005, Astrocytes regulate inhibitory synapse formation via Trk-mediated modulation of postsynaptic GABAA receptors, J. Neurosci., 25, 3638, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3980-04.2005 · DOI
  29. Farhy-Tselnicker, 2017, Astrocyte-secreted glypican 4 regulates release of neuronal pentraxin 1 from axons to induce functional synapse formation, Neuron, 96, 428, 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.09.053 · DOI · Paper page
  30. Faria, 2017, Epileptiform activity and behavioral arrests in mice overexpressing the calcium channel subunit α2δ-1, Neurobiol. Dis., 102, 70, 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.01.009 · DOI
  31. Farmer, 2016, Neurons diversify astrocytes in the adult brain through sonic hedgehog signaling, Science, 351, 849, 10.1126/science.aab3103 · DOI
  32. Feng, 2008, Schwann cells promote synaptogenesis at the neuromuscular junction via transforming growth factor-β1, J. Neurosci., 28, 9599, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2589-08.2008 · DOI
  33. Foo, 2011, Development of a method for the purification and culture of rodent astrocytes, Neuron, 71, 799, 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.07.022 · DOI · Paper page
  34. Freeman, 2010, Specification and morphogenesis of astrocytes, Science, 330, 774, 10.1126/science.1190928 · DOI
  35. Freeman, 2015, Drosophila central nervous system glia, Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol., 7, a020552, 10.1101/cshperspect.a020552 · DOI · Paper page
  36. Fuentes-Medel, 2012, Integration of a retrograde signal during synapse formation by glia-secreted TGF-β ligand, Curr. Biol., 22, 1831, 10.1016/j.cub.2012.07.063 · DOI
  37. García-Marqués, 2013, Clonal identity determines astrocyte cortical heterogeneity, Cereb. Cortex, 23, 1463, 10.1093/cercor/bhs134 · DOI
  38. Garrett, 2009, Control of CNS synapse development by γ-protocadherin-mediated astrocyte-neuron contact, J. Neurosci., 29, 11723, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2818-09.2009 · DOI
  39. Genoud, 2006, Plasticity of astrocytic coverage and glutamate transporter expression in adult mouse cortex, PLoS Biol., 4, e343, 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040343 · DOI
  40. Gonçalves, 2016, Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus: from stem cells to behavior, Cell, 167, 897, 10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.021 · DOI · Paper page
  41. Goritz, 2005, Multiple mechanisms mediate cholesterol-induced synaptogenesis in a CNS neuron, Mol. Cell. Neurosci., 29, 190, 10.1016/j.mcn.2005.02.006 · DOI · Paper page
  42. Hama, 2004, PKC signaling mediates global enhancement of excitatory synaptogenesis in neurons triggered by local contact with astrocytes, Neuron, 41, 405, 10.1016/S0896-6273(04)00007-8 · DOI
  43. Hamilton, 2010, Do astrocytes really exocytose neurotransmitters?, Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 11, 227, 10.1038/nrn2803 · DOI
  44. Han, 2013, Forebrain engraftment by human glial progenitor cells enhances synaptic plasticity and learning in adult mice, Cell Stem Cell, 12, 342, 10.1016/j.stem.2012.12.015 · DOI · Paper page
  45. Hartley, 1999, Functional synapses are formed between human NTera2 (NT2N, hNT) neurons grown on astrocytes, J. Comp. Neurol., 407, 1, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19990428)407:1<1::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-Z · DOI
  46. Hennekinne, 2013, Differential control of thrombospondin over synaptic glycine and AMPA receptors in spinal cord neurons, J. Neurosci., 33, 11432, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5247-12.2013 · DOI
  47. Hirrlinger, 2004, Astroglial processes show spontaneous motility at active synaptic terminals in situ, Eur. J. Neurosci., 20, 2235, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03689.x · DOI
  48. Hughes, 2010, Astrocyte secreted proteins selectively increase hippocampal GABAergic axon length, branching, and synaptogenesis, Mol. Cell. Neurosci., 43, 136, 10.1016/j.mcn.2009.10.004 · DOI
  49. Jacobs, 2010, Fragile X astrocytes induce developmental delays in dendrite maturation and synaptic protein expression, BMC Neurosci., 11, 132, 10.1186/1471-2202-11-132 · DOI
  50. Jeste, 2014, Disentangling the heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorder through genetic findings, Nat. Rev. Neurol., 10, 74, 10.1038/nrneurol.2013.278 · DOI · Paper page
  51. John Lin, 2017, Identification of diverse astrocyte populations and their malignant analogs, Nat. Neurosci., 20, 396, 10.1038/nn.4493 · DOI · Paper page
  52. Jones, 2011, Astrocytes control glutamate receptor levels at developing synapses through SPARC-β-integrin interactions, J. Neurosci., 31, 4154, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4757-10.2011 · DOI
  53. Kerr, 2014, Glial wingless/Wnt regulates glutamate receptor clustering and synaptic physiology at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction, J. Neurosci., 34, 2910, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3714-13.2014 · DOI
  54. Kettenmann, 2008, Neuroglia: the 150 years after, Trends Neurosci., 31, 653, 10.1016/j.tins.2008.09.003 · DOI
  55. Krencik, 2011, Directed differentiation of functional astroglial subtypes from human pluripotent stem cells, Nat. Protoc., 6, 1710, 10.1038/nprot.2011.405 · DOI
  56. Krencik, 2015, Dysregulation of astrocyte extracellular signaling in Costello syndrome, Sci. Transl. Med., 7, 286ra266, 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa5645 · DOI
  57. Krencik, 2017, Human astrocytes are distinct contributors to the complexity of synaptic function, Brain Res. Bull., 129, 66, 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.08.012 · DOI
  58. Krzisch, 2015, Pre-existing astrocytes form functional perisynaptic processes on neurons generated in the adult hippocampus, Brain Struct. Funct., 220, 2027, 10.1007/s00429-014-0768-y · DOI · Paper page
  59. Kuffler, 1967, Neuroglial cells: physiological properties and a potassium mediated effect of neuronal activity on the glial membrane potential, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci., 168, 1, 10.1098/rspb.1967.0047 · DOI
  60. Lioy, 2011, A role for glia in the progression of Rett’s syndrome, Nature, 475, 497, 10.1038/nature10214 · DOI · Paper page
  61. Lippman, 2008, Morphogenesis and regulation of Bergmann glial processes during Purkinje cell dendritic spine ensheathment and synaptogenesis, Glia, 56, 1463, 10.1002/glia.20712 · DOI
  62. Lippman Bell, 2010, Bergmann glial ensheathment of dendritic spines regulates synapse number without affecting spine motility, Neuron Glia Biol., 6, 193, 10.1017/S1740925X10000165 · DOI
  63. López-Murcia, 2015, SPARC triggers a cell-autonomous program of synapse elimination, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, 13366, 10.1073/pnas.1512202112 · DOI
  64. Ma, 2016, Neuromodulators signal through astrocytes to alter neural circuit activity and behaviour, Nature, 539, 428, 10.1038/nature20145 · DOI
  65. Malik, 2014, Comparison of the gene expression profiles of human fetal cortical astrocytes with pluripotent stem cell derived neural stem cells identifies human astrocyte markers and signaling pathways and transcription factors active in human astrocytes, PLoS ONE, 9, e96139, 10.1371/journal.pone.0096139 · DOI
  66. Mauch, 2001, CNS synaptogenesis promoted by glia-derived cholesterol, Science, 294, 1354, 10.1126/science.294.5545.1354 · DOI · Paper page
  67. Miller, 2007, Timing is everything: making neurons versus glia in the developing cortex, Neuron, 54, 357, 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.04.019 · DOI · Paper page
  68. Molofsky, 2013, Expression profiling of Aldh1l1-precursors in the developing spinal cord reveals glial lineage-specific genes and direct Sox9-Nfe2l1 interactions, Glia, 61, 1518, 10.1002/glia.22538 · DOI
  69. Molofsky, 2014, Astrocyte-encoded positional cues maintain sensorimotor circuit integrity, Nature, 509, 189, 10.1038/nature13161 · DOI
  70. Morel, 2014, VGluT1+ neuronal glutamatergic signaling regulates postnatal developmental maturation of cortical protoplasmic astroglia, J. Neurosci., 34, 10950, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1167-14.2014 · DOI
  71. Morel, 2017, Molecular and functional properties of regional astrocytes in the adult brain, J. Neurosci., 37, 8706, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3956-16.2017 · DOI · Paper page
  72. Müller, 1990, Dark-rearing retards the maturation of astrocytes in restricted layers of cat visual cortex, Glia, 3, 487, 10.1002/glia.440030607 · DOI
  73. Murphy-Royal, 2017, Astroglial glutamate transporters in the brain: regulating neurotransmitter homeostasis and synaptic transmission, J. Neurosci. Res., 95, 2140, 10.1002/jnr.24029 · DOI
  74. Muthukumar, 2014, Activity-dependent regulation of astrocyte GAT levels during synaptogenesis, Nat. Neurosci., 17, 1340, 10.1038/nn.3791 · DOI
  75. Nägler, 2001, Glia-derived signals induce synapse formation in neurones of the rat central nervous system, J. Physiol., 533, 665, 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.00665.x · DOI
  76. Nedergaard, 2012, Artifact versus reality—how astrocytes contribute to synaptic events, Glia, 60, 1013, 10.1002/glia.22288 · DOI
  77. Oberheim, 2009, Uniquely hominid features of adult human astrocytes, J. Neurosci., 29, 3276, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4707-08.2009 · DOI · Paper page
  78. Parikshak, 2013, Integrative functional genomic analyses implicate specific molecular pathways and circuits in autism, Cell, 155, 1008, 10.1016/j.cell.2013.10.031 · DOI · Paper page
  79. Paukert, 2014, Norepinephrine controls astroglial responsiveness to local circuit activity, Neuron, 82, 1263, 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.04.038 · DOI · Paper page
  80. Pfrieger, 1997, Synaptic efficacy enhanced by glial cells in vitro, Science, 277, 1684, 10.1126/science.277.5332.1684 · DOI
  81. Procko, 2011, Glia delimit shape changes of sensory neuron receptive endings in C. elegans, Development, 138, 1371, 10.1242/dev.058305 · DOI
  82. Pyka, 2011, Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans regulate astrocyte-dependent synaptogenesis and modulate synaptic activity in primary embryonic hippocampal neurons, Eur. J. Neurosci., 33, 2187, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07690.x · DOI · Paper page
  83. Reddy, 2003, Glial cells maintain synaptic structure and function and promote development of the neuromuscular junction in vivo, Neuron, 40, 563, 10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00682-2 · DOI
  84. Risher, 2012, Thrombospondins as key regulators of synaptogenesis in the central nervous system, Matrix Biol., 31, 170, 10.1016/j.matbio.2012.01.004 · DOI
  85. Risher, 2014, Astrocytes refine cortical connectivity at dendritic spines, eLife, 3, e04047, 10.7554/eLife.04047 · DOI
  86. Scholze, 2014, BMP signaling in astrocytes downregulates EGFR to modulate survival and maturation, PLoS ONE, 9, e110668, 10.1371/journal.pone.0110668 · DOI
  87. Shigetomi, 2013, Imaging calcium microdomains within entire astrocyte territories and endfeet with GCaMPs expressed using adeno-associated viruses, J. Gen. Physiol., 141, 633, 10.1085/jgp.201210949 · DOI
  88. Shigetomi, 2016, Probing the complexities of astrocyte calcium signaling, Trends Cell Biol., 26, 300, 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.01.003 · DOI
  89. Sibille, 2014, Astroglial potassium clearance contributes to short-term plasticity of synaptically evoked currents at the tripartite synapse, J. Physiol., 592, 87, 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.261735 · DOI
  90. Singh, 2016, Astrocytes assemble thalamocortical synapses by bridging NRX1α and NL1 via hevin, Cell, 164, 183, 10.1016/j.cell.2015.11.034 · DOI
  91. Sloan, 2014, Looks can be deceiving: reconsidering the evidence for gliotransmission, Neuron, 84, 1112, 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.003 · DOI
  92. Stellwagen, 2005, Differential regulation of AMPA receptor and GABA receptor trafficking by tumor necrosis factor-alpha, J. Neurosci., 25, 3219, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4486-04.2005 · DOI · Paper page
  93. Stogsdill, 2017, The interplay between neurons and glia in synapse development and plasticity, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 42, 1, 10.1016/j.conb.2016.09.016 · DOI
  94. Stork, 2014, Neuron-glia interactions through the Heartless FGF receptor signaling pathway mediate morphogenesis of Drosophila astrocytes, Neuron, 83, 388, 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.06.026 · DOI
  95. Tanaka, 1997, Epilepsy and exacerbation of brain injury in mice lacking the glutamate transporter GLT-1, Science, 276, 1699, 10.1126/science.276.5319.1699 · DOI
  96. Tani, 2014, A local glutamate-glutamine cycle sustains synaptic excitatory transmitter release, Neuron, 81, 888, 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.12.026 · DOI
  97. Theodosis, 2008, Activity-dependent structural and functional plasticity of astrocyte-neuron interactions, Physiol. Rev., 88, 983, 10.1152/physrev.00036.2007 · DOI · Paper page
  98. Tran, 2006, Purinergic signaling induces thrombospondin-1 expression in astrocytes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103, 9321, 10.1073/pnas.0603146103 · DOI
  99. Tsai, 2012, Regional astrocyte allocation regulates CNS synaptogenesis and repair, Science, 337, 358, 10.1126/science.1222381 · DOI
  100. Ullian, 2001, Control of synapse number by glia, Science, 291, 657, 10.1126/science.291.5504.657 · DOI · Paper page
  101. van Deijk, 2017, Astrocyte lipid metabolism is critical for synapse development and function in vivo, Glia, 65, 670, 10.1002/glia.23120 · DOI · Paper page
  102. Wang, 2016, Hedgehog signaling regulates gene expression in planarian glia, eLife, 5, e16996, 10.7554/eLife.16996 · DOI
  103. Wang, 2017, Anatomy and spatial organization of Müller glia in mouse retina, J. Comp. Neurol., 525, 1759, 10.1002/cne.24153 · DOI
  104. Williams, 2014, Mutant astrocytes differentiated from Rett syndrome patients-specific iPSCs have adverse effects on wild-type neurons, Hum. Mol. Genet., 23, 2968, 10.1093/hmg/ddu008 · DOI
  105. Witcher, 2007, Plasticity of perisynaptic astroglia during synaptogenesis in the mature rat hippocampus, Glia, 55, 13, 10.1002/glia.20415 · DOI
  106. Witcher, 2010, Three-dimensional relationships between perisynaptic astroglia and human hippocampal synapses, Glia, 58, 572, 10.1002/glia.20946 · DOI
  107. Xu, 2010, Thrombospondin 1 accelerates synaptogenesis in hippocampal neurons through neuroligin 1, Nat. Neurosci., 13, 22, 10.1038/nn.2459 · DOI
  108. Xu-Friedman, 2001, Three-dimensional comparison of ultrastructural characteristics at depressing and facilitating synapses onto cerebellar Purkinje cells, J. Neurosci., 21, 6666, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-17-06666.2001 · DOI
  109. Yang, 2009, Presynaptic regulation of astroglial excitatory neurotransmitter transporter GLT1, Neuron, 61, 880, 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.02.010 · DOI · Paper page
  110. Zeisel, 2015, Brain structure. Cell types in the mouse cortex and hippocampus revealed by single-cell RNA-seq, Science, 347, 1138, 10.1126/science.aaa1934 · DOI · Paper page
  111. Zhang, 2010, Astrocyte heterogeneity: an underappreciated topic in neurobiology, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 20, 588, 10.1016/j.conb.2010.06.005 · DOI
  112. Zhang, 2016, Purification and characterization of progenitor and mature human astrocytes reveals transcriptional and functional differences with mouse, Neuron, 89, 37, 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.11.013 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Allen, N. J., & Eroglu, C.
Venue
Neuron
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2017-11
Volume
96
Issue
3
Pages
697-708
ISSN
0896-6273
Cited by
1,098
References
22
Language
en
Funders
  • NIH/NINDS (R01 NS089791, R01 NS096352)
  • Hearst
  • Pew
  • Ellison
  • Dana
  • NIH/NIDA (R01 DA031833)
  • NIH/NIEHS (R01 ES025549)
  • Simons Foundation (#400729)
  • Holland-Trice Brain Research Foundation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review