Cited by 193Language Development and DisordersNeurobiology of Language and BilingualismReading and Literacy Development

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A systematic literature review of sex differences in childhood language and brain development

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Etchell, Andrew, Adhikari, Aditi, Weinberg, Lauren S., Choo, Ai Leen, Garnett, Emily O., Chow, Ho Ming, Chang, Soo-Eun·2018·Neuropsychologia

DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.04.011PMC PMC5988993

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Abstract

The extent of sex differences in childhood language development is unclear. We conducted a systematic literature review synthesizing results from studies examining sex differences in brain structure and function relevant to language development during childhood. We searched PubMed and Scopus databases, and this returned a total of 46 published studies meeting criteria for inclusion that directly examined sex differences in brain development relevant to language function in children. The results indicate that: (a) sex differences in brain structure or function do not necessarily lead to differences in language task performance; (b) evidence for sex differences in brain and language development are limited; (c) when present, sex differences often interact with a variety of factors such as age and task. Overall, the magnitude of sexual dimorphism of brain developmental trajectories associated with language is not as significant as previously thought. Sex differences were found, however, in studies employing tighter age ranges. This suggests that sex differences may be more prominent during certain developmental stages but are negligible in other stages, likely due to different rates of maturation between the sexes. More research is needed to improve our understanding of how sex differences may arise due to the influence of sex hormones and developmental stages, and how these differences may lead to differences in various language task performance. These studies are expected to provide normative information that may be used in studies examining neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently affect more males than females, and also often affect language development.

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Sorted by citations

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Authors: Etchell, A., Adhikari, A., Weinberg, L. S., Choo, A. L., Garnett, E. O., Chow, H. M., & Chang, S.-E.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Georgia State University (US)
Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children (US)
Corresponding author: Etchell, Andrew
ORCID: Etchell, Andrew
Weinberg, Lauren S.
Choo, Ai Leen
Garnett, Emily O.
Chow, Ho Ming
Chang, Soo-Eun
Venue: Neuropsychologia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2018-06
Volume: 114
Pages: 19-31
ISSN: 0028-3932 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.04.011
PMC: PMC5988993
OpenAlex: W2797841254
Cited by: 193
References: 137
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 14
FWCI: 3.31
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Neuropsychologia (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
Keywords: sex differences, child language acquisition, brain development, sexual dimorphism, brain structure, brain function, neurodevelopmental disorders, sex hormones, brain maturation, developmental stages
MeSH terms: Brain, Child, Child Language, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Sex Characteristics

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A systematic literature review of sex differences in childhood language and brain development

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