Vaccination in the elderly: The challenge of immune changes with aging
Open accessAbstract
The unprecedented increase of life expectancy challenges society to protect the elderly from morbidity and mortality making vaccination a crucial mean to safeguard this population. Indeed, infectious diseases, such as influenza and pneumonia, are among the top killers of elderly people in the world. Elderly individuals are more prone to severe infections and less responsive to vaccination prevention, due to immunosenescence combined with the progressive increase of a proinflammatory status characteristic of the aging process (inflammaging). These factors are responsible for most age-related diseases and correlate with poor response to vaccination. Therefore, it is of utmost interest to deepen the knowledge regarding the role of inflammaging in vaccination responsiveness to support the development of effective vaccination strategies designed for elderly. In this review we analyse the impact of age-associated factors such as inflammaging, immunosenescence and immunobiography on immune response to vaccination in the elderly, and we consider systems biology approaches as a mean for integrating a multitude of data in order to rationally design vaccination approaches specifically tailored for the elderly.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Immune responses to vaccination are often weaker in older adults.
“Immune responses to vaccination are often weaker in older adults (26).”
From Durability of mRNA-1273 vaccine–induced antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants (2021) · cites this paper as [26]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types
Horvath, S. (2013) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2013-14-10-r115 · Cited by 7,075 · see citing works
Inflamm‐aging: An Evolutionary Perspective on Immunosenescence
FRANCESCHI, C., BONAFÈ, M., VALENSIN, S., OLIVIERI, F., DE LUCA, M., OTTAVIANI, E., & DE BENEDICTIS, G. (2000) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06651.x · Cited by 5,358 · see citing works
Self-citationGenome-wide methylation profiles reveal quantitative views of human aging rates
Hannum, G., Guinney, J., Zhao, L., Zhang, L., Hughes, G., Sadda, S., Klotzle, B., Bibikova, M., Fan, J.-B., Gao, Y., et al. (2013) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2012.10.016 · Cited by 4,270 · see citing works
Inflammaging: a new immune–metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases
Franceschi, C., Garagnani, P., Parini, P., Giuliani, C., & Santoro, A. (2018) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-018-0059-4 · Cited by 3,586 · see citing works
Self-citationFranceschi, C., Capri, M., Monti, D., Giunta, S., Olivieri, F., Sevini, F., Panourgia, M. P., Invidia, L., Celani, L., Scurti, M., et al. (2007) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2006.11.016 · Cited by 2,087 · see citing works
Self-citationEfficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Osterholm, M. T., Kelley, N. S., Sommer, A., & Belongia, E. A. (2012) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(11)70295-x · Cited by 1,789 · see citing works
Grohskopf, L. A., Sokolow, L. Z., Broder, K. R., Walter, E. B., Fry, A. M., & Jernigan, D. B. (2018) · MMWR Recommendations and Reports · doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr6703a1 · Cited by 1,635 · see citing works
Efficacy of an Adjuvanted Herpes Zoster Subunit Vaccine in Older Adults
Lal, H., Cunningham, A. L., Godeaux, O., Chlibek, R., Diez-Domingo, J., Hwang, S.-J., Levin, M. J., McElhaney, J. E., Poder, A., Puig-Barberà, J., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1501184 · Cited by 1,454 · see citing works
Thevaranjan, N., Puchta, A., Schulz, C., Naidoo, A., Szamosi, J. C., Verschoor, C. P., Loukov, D., Schenck, L. P., Jury, J., Foley, K. P., et al. (2017) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2017.03.002 · Cited by 1,322 · see citing works
DNA methylation age of blood predicts all-cause mortality in later life
Marioni, R. E., Shah, S., McRae, A. F., Chen, B. H., Colicino, E., Harris, S. E., Gibson, J., Henders, A. K., Redmond, P., Cox, S. R., et al. (2015) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-015-0584-6 · Cited by 1,261 · see citing works
Jylhävä, J., Pedersen, N. L., & Hägg, S. (2017) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.03.046 · Cited by 1,240 · see citing works
Age-related changes in lymphocyte development and function
Linton, P. J., & Dorshkind, K. A. (2004) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1033 · Cited by 1,180 · see citing works
The X-files in immunity: sex-based differences predispose immune responses
Fish, E. N. (2008) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2394 · Cited by 1,164 · see citing works
DNA methylation-based measures of biological age: meta-analysis predicting time to death
Chen, B. H., Marioni, R. E., Colicino, E., Peters, M. J., Ward-Caviness, C. K., Tsai, P.-C., Roetker, N. S., Just, A. C., Demerath, E. W., Guan, W., et al. (2016) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.101020 · Cited by 1,126 · see citing works
Systems biology approach predicts immunogenicity of the yellow fever vaccine in humans
Querec, T. D., Akondy, R. S., Lee, E. K., Cao, W., Nakaya, H. I., Teuwen, D. E., Pirani, A. M., Gernert, K. M., Deng, J., Marzolf, B., et al. (2008) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1688 · Cited by 1,123 · see citing works
Efficacy of the Herpes Zoster Subunit Vaccine in Adults 70 Years of Age or Older
Cunningham, A. L., Lal, H., Kovac, M., Chlibek, R., Hwang, S.-J., Díez-Domingo, J., Godeaux, O., Levin, M. J., McElhaney, J. E., Puig-Barberà, J., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1603800 · Cited by 1,070 · see citing works
The “Silent” Global Burden of Congenital Cytomegalovirus
Manicklal, S., Emery, V. C., Lazzarotto, T., Boppana, S. B., & Gupta, R. K. (2013) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00062-12 · Cited by 1,030 · see citing works
Franceschi, C., Garagnani, P., Vitale, G., Capri, M., & Salvioli, S. (2017) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2016.09.005 · Cited by 997 · see citing works
Self-citationTelomeres and telomerase: the path from maize, Tetrahymena and yeast to human cancer and aging
Blackburn, E. H., Greider, C. W., & Szostak, J. W. (2006) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1006-1133 · Cited by 992 · see citing works
Human bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells are increased in frequency and myeloid-biased with age
Pang, W. W., Price, E. A., Sahoo, D., Beerman, I., Maloney, W. J., Rossi, D. J., Schrier, S. L., & Weissman, I. L. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1116110108 · Cited by 991 · see citing works
Systematic review of incidence and complications of herpes zoster: towards a global perspective
Kawai, K., Gebremeskel, B. G., & Acosta, C. J. (2014) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-004833 · Cited by 943 · see citing works
Neutrophil ageing is regulated by the microbiome
Zhang, D., Chen, G., Manwani, D., Mortha, A., Xu, C., Faith, J. J., Burk, R. D., Kunisaki, Y., Jang, J.-E., Scheiermann, C., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature15367 · Cited by 839 · see citing works
Understanding immunosenescence to improve responses to vaccines
Goronzy, J. J., & Weyand, C. M. (2013) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2588 · Cited by 827 · see citing works
Systems biology of vaccination for seasonal influenza in humans
Nakaya, H. I., Wrammert, J., Lee, E. K., Racioppi, L., Marie-Kunze, S., Haining, W. N., Means, A. R., Kasturi, S. P., Khan, N., Li, G., et al. (2011) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2067 · Cited by 812 · see citing works
Li, S., Rouphael, N., Duraisingham, S., Romero‐Steiner, S., Presnell, S., Davis, C. W., Schmidt, D. S., Johnson, S. E., Milton, A., Rajam, G., et al. (2013) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2789 · Cited by 772 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Action of Adjuvants
Awate, S., Babiuk, L. A., & Mutwiri, G. (2013) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2013.00114 · Cited by 741 · see citing works
Furman, D., Hejblum, B. P., Simon, N., Jojic, V., Dekker, C. L., Thiébaut, R., Tibshirani, R. J., & Davis, M. M. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1321060111 · Cited by 678 · see citing works
B-cell responses to vaccination at the extremes of age
Siegrist, C.-A., & Aspinall, R. (2009) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2508 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
Vaccine Adjuvants: from 1920 to 2015 and Beyond
Pasquale, A. D., Preiss, S., Silva, F. T. D., & Garçon, N. (2015) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines3020320 · Cited by 653 · see citing works
Correlates of adjuvanticity: A review on adjuvants in licensed vaccines
Giudice, G. D., Rappuoli, R., & Didierlaurent, A. M. (2018) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2018.05.001 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
Age and immunity: What is “immunosenescence”?
Pawelec, G. (2018) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2017.10.024 · Cited by 606 · see citing works
Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines in elderly people: a systematic review
Jefferson, T., Rivetti, D., Rivetti, A., Rudin, M., Di Pietrantonj, C., & Demicheli, V (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67339-4 · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Yellow fever vaccine induces integrated multilineage and polyfunctional immune responses
Gaucher, D., Therrien, R., Kettaf, N., Angermann, B., Boucher, G., Filali-Mouhim, A., Moser, J. M., Mehta, R. S., Drake, D. R., Castro, E., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20082292 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Marioni, R. E., Shah, S. H., McRae, A. F., Ritchie, S. J., Terrera, G. M., Harris, S. E., Gibson, J., Redmond, P. H., Cox, S. R., Pattie, A., et al. (2015) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyu277 · Cited by 559 · see citing works
Shortage of circulating naive CD8+ T cells provides new insights on immunodeficiency in aging
Fagnoni, F. F., Vescovini, R., Passeri, G., Bologna, G., Pedrazzoni, M., Lavagetto, G., Casti, A., Franceschi, C., Passeri, M., & Sansoni, P. (2000) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v95.9.2860.009k35_2860_2868 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Self-citationCalder, P. C., Bosco, N., Bourdet‐Sicard, R., Capuron, L., Delzenne, N. M., Dore, J. M., Franceschi, C., Lehtinen, M. J., Recker, T., Salvioli, S., et al. (2017) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2017.09.001 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Self-citationAccelerated epigenetic aging in Down syndrome
Horvath, S., Garagnani, P., Bacalini, M. G., Pirazzini, C., Salvioli, S., Gentilini, D., Blasio, A. M. D., Giuliani, C., Tung, S., Vinters, H. V., et al. (2015) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.12325 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Self-citationMorel, S., Didierlaurent, A. M., Bourguignon, P., Delhaye, S., Baras, B., Jacob, V., Planty, C., Elouahabi, A., Harvengt, P., & Carlsen, H. (2011) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.01.011 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
B‐cell diversity decreases in old age and is correlated with poor health status
Gibson, K. L., Wu, Y., Barnett, Y., Duggan, O., Vaughan, R., Kondeatis, E., Nilsson, B., Wikby, A., Kipling, D., & Dunn‐Walters, D. K. (2009) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/j.1474-9726.2008.00443.x · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Belsky, D. W., Moffitt, T. E., Cohen, A. A., Corcoran, D. L., Levine, M. E., Prinz, J. A., Schaefer, J. D., Sugden, K., Williams, B. S., Poulton, R., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwx346 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Nestle, F. O., Zheng, X., Thompson, C. B., Turka, L. A., & Nickoloff, B. J. (1994) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.152.1.376 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Vaccines for the twenty-first century society
Rappuoli, R., Mandl, C. W., Black, S., & De Gregorio, E. (2011) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3085 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Pneumococcal infection in adults: burden of disease
Drijkoningen, J., & Rohde, G. G. U. (2013) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12461 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Falsey, A. R., Treanor, J. J., Tornieporth, N., Capellan, J., & Gorse, G. J. (2009) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/599790 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Immunosenescence: Implications for response to infection and vaccination in older people
Pera, A., Campos, C., López, N., Hassouneh, F., Alonso, C., Tarazona, R., & Solana, R. (2015) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.05.004 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Deep biomarkers of human aging: Application of deep neural networks to biomarker development
Putin, E., Mamoshina, P., Aliper, A. M., Korzinkin, M., Moskalev, A., Kolosov, A., Ostrovskiy, A., Cantor, C. R., Vijg, J., & Zhavoronkov, A. A. (2016) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.100968 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Nestle, F. O., Zheng, X. G., Thompson, C. B., Turka, L. A., & Nickoloff, B. J. (1993) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.151.11.6535 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Ageing of the human metaorganism: the microbial counterpart
Biagi, E., Candela, M., Fairweather‐Tait, S. J., Franceschi, C., & Brigidi, P. (2011) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-011-9217-5 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Self-citationGarçon, N., Vaughn, D. W., & Didierlaurent, A. M. (2012) · Expert Review of Vaccines · doi:10.1586/erv.11.192 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Antibiotics impair murine hematopoiesis by depleting the intestinal microbiota
Josefsdottir, K. S., Baldridge, M. T., Kadmon, C. S., & King, K. Y. (2017) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2016-03-708594 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Baker, G. T., & Sprott, R. L. (1988) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/0531-5565(88)90025-3 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Adipogenesis and aging: does aging make fat go MAD
Kirkland, J. L., Tchkonia, T., Pirtskhalava, T., Han, J., & Karagiannides, I. (2002) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/s0531-5565(02)00014-1 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Frasca, D., Landin, A. M., Lechner, S. C., Ryan, J. G., Schwartz, R., Riley, R. L., & Blomberg, B. B. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.180.8.5283 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Half- vs Full-Dose Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine (2004-2005)
Engler, R. J. M. (2008) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2008.513 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
The history of MF59 ® adjuvant: a phoenix that arose from the ashes
O’Hagan, D. T., Ott, G. S., Nest, G. V., Rappuoli, R., & Giudice, G. D. (2012) · Expert Review of Vaccines · doi:10.1586/erv.12.140 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
DNA methylation age of blood predicts future onset of lung cancer in the women's health initiative
Levine, M. E., Hosgood, H. D., Chen, B. H., Absher, D., Assimes, T. L., & Horvath, S. (2015) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.100809 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Systems analysis of protective immune responses to RTS,S malaria vaccination in humans
Kazmin, D. A., Nakaya, H. I., Lee, E. K., Johnson, M. J., der Most, R. G. V., van den Berg, R. A., Ballou, W. R., Jongert, E., Wille-Reece, U., Ockenhouse, C. F., et al. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1621489114 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Franceschi, C., Salvioli, S., Garagnani, P., de Eguileor, M., Monti, D., & Capri, M. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00982 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Self-citationSenescence of T Lymphocytes: Implications for Enhancing Human Immunity
Akbar, A. N., Henson, S. M., & Lanna, A. (2016) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2016.09.002 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Deriu, E., Boxx, G. M., He, X., Pan, C., Benavidez, S. D., Cen, L., Rozengurt, N., Shi, W., & Cheng, G. (2016) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005572 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Age-related Defects in CD4 T Cell Cognate Helper Function Lead to Reductions in Humoral Responses
Eaton, S. M., Burns, E. M., Kusser, K. L., Randall, T. D., & Haynes, L. (2004) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20041395 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Grohskopf, L. A., Sokolow, L. Z., Olsen, S. J., et al. (2015) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6430a3 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Metabolic Phenotypes of Response to Vaccination in Humans
Li, S., Sullivan, N., Rouphael, N., Yu, T., Banton, S., Maddur, M. S., McCausland, M. M., Chiu, C., Canniff, J. D., Dubey, S. A., et al. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.04.026 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Ageing and gut microbes: Perspectives for health maintenance and longevity
Biagi, E., Candela, M., Turroni, S., Garagnani, P., Franceschi, C., & Brigidi, P. (2013) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2012.10.005 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Self-citationMicrobiota-Derived Compounds Drive Steady-State Granulopoiesis via MyD88/TICAM Signaling
Balmer, M. L., Schürch, C. M., Saito, Y., Geuking, M. B., Li, H., Miguelangel Cuenca, V., Kovtonyuk, L. V., McCoy, K. D., Hapfelmeier, S., Ochsenbein, A. F., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1400762 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Sprott, R. L. (1988) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/0531-5565(88)90014-9 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Colonna-Romano, G., Bulati, M., Aquino, A., Pellicanò, M., Vitello, S., Lio, D., Candore, G., & Caruso, C. (2009) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2009.08.003 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Human T cell immunosenescence and inflammation in aging
Bektas, A., Schurman, S. H., Sen, R., & Ferrucci, L. (2017) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.3ri0716-335r · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Wikby, A., Månsson, I. A., Johansson, B. E. A., Strindhall, J., & Nilsson, S. E. (2008) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-008-9138-6 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
The Th17/Treg balance is disturbed during aging
Schmitt, V., Rink, L., & Uciechowski, P. (2013) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2013.09.003 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Knudsen, N. P. H., Olsen, A. W., Buonsanti, C., Follmann, F., Zhang, Y., Coler, R. N., Fox, C. B., Meinke, A. L., D’Oro, U., Casini, D., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep19570 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Bucasas, K. L., Franco, L. M., Shaw, C. A., Bray, M. S., Wells, J. M., Niño, D., Arden, N. H., Quarles, J. M., Couch, R. B., & Belmont, J. W. (2011) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiq156 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Domnich, A., Arata, L., Amicizia, D., Puig-Barberà, J., Gasparini, R., & Panatto, D. (2017) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.12.011 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Ogawa, T., Kitagawa, M., & Hirokawa, K. (2000) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/s0047-6374(00)00137-8 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
From discovery to licensure, the Adjuvant System story
Garçon, N., & Pasquale, A. D. (2016) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2016.1225635 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Kalache, A., & Sen, K. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315071541-6 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Calabrό, S., Tritto, E., Pezzotti, A., Taccone, M., Muzzi, A., Bertholet, S., Gregorio, E. D., O’Hagan, D. T., Baudner, B. C., & Seubert, A. (2013) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.007 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
The need for quadrivalent vaccine against seasonal influenza
Belshe, R. B. (2010) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.08.028 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Mechanisms Underlying T Cell Immunosenescence: Aging and Cytomegalovirus Infection
Tu, W., & Rao, S. (2016) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.02111 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Apoptosis and other immune biomarkers predict influenza vaccine responsiveness
Furman, D., Jojic, V., Kidd, B., Shen‐Orr, S., Price, J., Jarrell, J., Tse, T., Huang, H., Lund, P., Maecker, H. T., et al. (2013) · Molecular Systems Biology · doi:10.1038/msb.2013.15 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Suzuki, M., Dhoubhadel, B. G., Ishifuji, T., et al. (2017) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(17)30049-x · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccination in Elderly Subjects in Northern Italy
Mannino, S., Villa, M., Apolone, G., Weiss, N. S., Groth, N., Aquino, I. F. P., Boldori, L., Caramaschi, F., Gattinoni, A., Malchiodi, G., et al. (2012) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kws313 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
McElhaney, J. E., Beran, J., Devaster, J.-M., Esen, M., Launay, O., Leroux-Roels, G., Ruiz-Palacios, G. M., van Essen, G. A., Caplanusi, A., Claeys, C., et al. (2013) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(13)70046-x · Cited by 164 · see citing works
The role of oxidative and inflammatory stress and persistent viral infections in immunosenescence
Bauer, M. E., & la Fuente, M. D. (2016) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2016.01.001 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Vaccines for the elderly: current use and future challenges
Weinberger, B. (2018) · Immunity & Ageing · doi:10.1186/s12979-017-0107-2 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Zak, D. E., Andersen‐Nissen, E., Peterson, E. R., Sato, A., Hamilton, M. K., Borgerding, J. A., Krishnamurty, A. T., Chang, J. T., Adams, D. J., Hensley, T. R., et al. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1208972109 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Frasca, D., Diaz, A., Romero, M., & Blomberg, B. B. (2017) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2016.12.001 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
AS03- and MF59-Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccines in Children
Wilkins, A. L., Kazmin, D. A., Napolitani, G., Clutterbuck, E., Pulendran, B., Siegrist, C., & Pollard, A. J. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01760 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Nakaya, H. I., Clutterbuck, E., Kazmin, D. A., Wang, L., Cortese, M., Bosinger, S. E., Patel, N. B., Zak, D. E., Aderem, A. A., Dong, T., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1519690113 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Johnson, S. A., & Cambier, J. C. (2004) · Arthritis Research · doi:10.1186/ar1180 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
New advances in CMV and immunosenescence
Sansoni, P., Vescovini, R., Fagnoni, F. F., Akbar, A., Arens, R., Chiu, Y.-L., Čičin-Šain, L., Dechanet-Merville, J., Derhovanessian, E., Ferrando-Martinez, S., et al. (2014) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2014.03.020 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Self-citationLeroux-Roels, I., Leroux-Roels, G., Clement, F., Vandepapelière, P., Vassilev, V., Ledent, E., & Heineman, T. C. (2012) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jis497 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Intrinsic defects in B cell response to seasonal influenza vaccination in elderly humans
Frasca, D., Diaz, A., Romero, M., Landin, A. M., Phillips, M., Lechner, S. C., Ryan, J. G., & Blomberg, B. B. (2010) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.10.023 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
McElhaney, J. E., Kuchel, G. A., Zhou, X., Swain, S. L., & Haynes, L. (2016) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00041 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Chlíbek, R., Smetana, J., Pauksens, K., Rombo, L., Hoek, J. A., Richardus, J. H., Plassmann, G., Schwarz, T. F., Ledent, E., & Heineman, T. C. (2014) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.019 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Structure and function of the thymic microenvironment
Manley, N. R. (2011) · Frontiers in bioscience · doi:10.2741/3866 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Rechtien, A., Richert, L. E., Lorenzo, H., et al. (2017) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.023 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
DiazGranados, C. A., Dunning, A. J., Jordanov, E., Landolfi, V. A., Denis, M., & Talbot, H. K. (2012) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.12.013 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Serum N-glycan profile shift during human ageing
Vanhooren, V., Dewaele, S., Libert, C., Engelborghs, S., Deyn, P. P. D., Toussaint, O., Debacq‐Chainiaux, F., Poulain, M., Glupczynski, Y., Franceschi, C., et al. (2010) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2010.08.009 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationVescovini, R., Telera, A. R., Fagnoni, F. F., Biasini, C., Medici, M. C., Valcavi, P., Pede, P. D., Lucchini, G., Zanlari, L., Passeri, G., et al. (2004) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2004.04.004 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citationCytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity decreases B cell responses to the influenza vaccine
Frasca, D., Diaz, A., Romero, M., Landin, A. M., & Blomberg, B. B. (2015) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.01.071 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Vahey, M., Wang, Z., Kester, K. E., Cummings, J. F., Heppner, D. G., Nau, M. E., Ofori‐Anyinam, O., Cohen, J., Coche, T. G., Ballou, W. R., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/650310 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Development of adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine and its implications for shingles prevention
Lecrenier, N., Beukelaers, P., Colindres, R. E., Curran, D., Kesel, C. D., Saegher, J.-P. D., Didierlaurent, A. M., Ledent, E., Mols, J., Mrkvan, T., et al. (2018) · Expert Review of Vaccines · doi:10.1080/14760584.2018.1495565 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Effects of aging on early B‐ and T‐cell development
Min, H., Montecino‐Rodriguez, E., & Dorshkind, K. (2005) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00263.x · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Aged murine hematopoietic stem cells drive aging-associated immune remodeling
Leins, H., Mulaw, M., Eiwen, K., Sakk, V., Liang, Y., Denkinger, M., Geiger, H., & Schirmbeck, R. (2018) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2018-02-831065 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Nicholson, K. G., Abrams, K. R., Batham, S., et al. (2010) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(10)70296-6 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Deelen, J., Beekman, M., Capri, M., Franceschi, C., & Slagboom, P. E. (2013) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.201200148 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationTh1 memory differentiates recombinant from live herpes zoster vaccines
Levin, M. J., Kroehl, M., Johnson, M. J., Hammes, A., Reinhold, D., Lang, N., & Weinberg, A. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci121484 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Tsang, P. H., Gorse, G. J., Strout, C. B., Sperling, M. J., Greenberg, D. P., Ozol-Godfrey, A., DiazGranados, C. A., & Landolfi, V. A. (2013) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.09.074 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Unique biomarkers for B-cell function predict the serum response to pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine
Frasca, D., Diaz, A., Romero, M., Phillips, M., Mendez, N. V., Landin, A. M., & Blomberg, B. B. (2012) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxr123 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Deguchi, K., Kamada, M., Irahara, M., Maegawa, M., Yamamoto, S., Ohmoto, Y., Murata, K., Yasui, T., Yamano, S., & Aono, T. (2001) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/00042192-200107000-00008 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Izurieta, H. S., Wernecke, M., Kelman, J. A., Wong, S., Forshee, R. A., Pratt, D., Lu, Y., Sun, Q., Jankosky, C., Krause, P. R., et al. (2016) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciw854 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Klucker, M., Dalençon, F., Probeck, P., et al. (2012) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.23311 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Towards a gene expression biomarker set for human biological age
Holly, A. C., Melzer, D. R., Pilling, L. C., Henley, W., Hernandez, D. G., Singleton, A., Bandinelli, S., Guralnik, J. M., Ferrucci, L., & Harries, L. W. (2013) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.12044 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Rahier, J. F., Papay, P., Salleron, J., et al. (2011) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2010.233981 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Hoek, K. L., Samir, P., Howard, L. M., Niu, X., Prasad, N., Galassie, A. C., Liu, Q., Allos, T. M., Floyd, K. A., Guo, Y. P., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118528 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Reif, D. M., Motsinger‐Reif, A. A., McKinney, B. A., Rock, M. T., Crowe, J. E., & Moore, J. H. (2008) · Genes and Immunity · doi:10.1038/gene.2008.80 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Meeting the Challenges of Immunizing Adults
Bridges, C. B., Hurley, L. P., Williams, W. W., Ramakrishnan, A., Dean, A. K., & Groom, A. V. (2015) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2015.08.014 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Durando, P., Iudici, R., Alicino, C., Alberti, M., de Florentiis, D., Ansaldi, F., & Icardi, G. (2011) · Human Vaccines · doi:10.4161/hv.7.0.14560 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Impact of Aging and Cytomegalovirus on Immunological Response to Influenza Vaccination and Infection
Merani, S., Pawelec, G., Kuchel, G. A., & McElhaney, J. E. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00784 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Inactivated and Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccines
Giudice, G. D., & Rappuoli, R. (2014) · Current topics in microbiology and immunology · doi:10.1007/82_2014_406 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Modulation of Primary Immune Response by Different Vaccine Adjuvants
Ciabattini, A., Pettini, E., Fiorino, F., Pastore, G., Andersen, P. L., Pozzi, G., & Medaglini, D. (2016) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00427 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationMicroRNAs miR-155 and miR-16 decrease AID and E47 in B cells from elderly individuals
Frasca, D., Diaz, A., Romero, M., Ferracci, F., & Blomberg, B. B. (2015) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1500520 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Chen, W. H., Cross, A. S., Edelman, R., Sztein, M. B., Blackwelder, W. C., & Pasetti, M. F. (2011) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.017 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Defective T Memory Cell Differentiation after Varicella Zoster Vaccination in Older Individuals
Qi, Q., Cavanagh, M., Saux, S. L., Wagar, L. E., Mackey, S., Hu, J., Maecker, H. T., Swan, G. E., Davis, M. M., Dekker, C. L., et al. (2016) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005892 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Co, M. D. T., Orphin, L., Cruz, J., Pazoles, P., Green, K. M., Potts, J., Leporati, A. M., Babon, J. A. B., Evans, J. E., Ennis, F. A., et al. (2008) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.09.092 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Clement, M., Marsden, M., Stacey, M. A., Abdul-Karim, J., Brias, S. G., Bento, D. F. C., Scurr, M. J., Ghazal, P., Weaver, C. T., Carlesso, G., et al. (2016) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006050 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
van den Berg, R. A., Coccia, M., Ballou, W. R., Kester, K. E., Ockenhouse, C. F., Vekemans, J., Jongert, E., Didierlaurent, A. M., & der Most, R. G. V. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00557 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Comparative Systems Analyses Reveal Molecular Signatures of Clinically tested Vaccine Adjuvants
Olafsdottir, T. A., Lindqvist, M., Nookaew, I., Andersen, P. L., Maertzdorf, J., Persson, J., Christensen, D., Zhang, Y., Anderson, J., Khoomrung, S., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep39097 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Ebola vaccine R&D: Filling the knowledge gaps
Medaglini, D., Harandi, A. M., Ottenhoff, T. H. M., Siegrist, C., Agnandji, S. T., Ahmed, R., Anderson, J., Auderset, F., Borgianni, L., Brosnahan, J. S., et al. (2015) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aad3106 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationCorrelates of vaccine-induced protective immunity against Ebola virus disease
Medaglini, D., Santoro, F., & Siegrist, C. (2018) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2018.07.003 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationNardini, C., Moreau, J., Gensous, N., Ravaioli, F., Garagnani, P., & Bacalini, M. G. (2018) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2018.10.009 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationvan Deursen, A. M. M., van Houten, M. A., Webber, C., Patton, M., Scott, D. A., Patterson, S., Sidhu, M. S., Drews, W., Gruber, W. C., Emini, E. A., et al. (2017) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/cix419 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Martorana, A., Balistreri, C. R., Bulati, M., Buffa, S., Azzarello, D. M., Camarda, C., Monastero, R., Caruso, C., & Colonna‐Romano, G. (2014) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2014.06.003 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Villa, M., Black, S., Groth, N., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwt078 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
B cell subsets in postmenopausal women and the effect of hormone replacement therapy
Kamada, M., Irahara, M., Maegawa, M., Yasui, T., Yamano, S., Yamada, M., Tezuka, M., Kasai, Y., Deguchi, K., Ohmoto, Y., et al. (2001) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/s0378-5122(00)00180-8 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Aging, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and influenza vaccine responses
Frasca, D., & Blomberg, B. B. (2016) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2015.1105413 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Meeting the Challenges of Immunizing Adults
Bridges, C. B., Hurley, L. P., Williams, W. W., Ramakrishnan, A., Dean, A. K., & Groom, A. V. (2015) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.054 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Meier, S., Bel, M., L’Huillier, A. G., et al. (2011) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.094 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Santoro, F., Pettini, E., Kazmin, D. A., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01248 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationInfluenza vaccination in the elderly: why are the overall benefits still hotly debated?
Trucchi, C., Paganino, C., Orsi, A., De Florentis, D., & Ansaldi, F. (2015) · Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · doi:10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2015.56.1.474 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Socio-economic Status, Forms of Capital and Obesity
Ulijaszek, S. J. (2012) · Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer · doi:10.1007/s12029-012-9366-5 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Sun, L., Brown, R. E., Chen, S., Zhuge, Q., & Su, D. (2012) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.100487 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Ciabattini, A., Prota, G., Christensen, D., Andersen, P. L., Pozzi, G., & Medaglini, D. (2015) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00430 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationvan Essen, G. A., Beran, J., Devaster, J., Durand, C., Duval, X., Esen, M., Falsey, A. R., Feldman, G., Gervais, P., Innis, B. L., et al. (2014) · Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses · doi:10.1111/irv.12245 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Immunomonitoring of human responses to the rVSV-ZEBOV Ebola vaccine
Medaglini, D., & Siegrist, C. (2017) · Current Opinion in Virology · doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2017.03.008 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationKosalaraksa, P., Jeanfreau, R. J., Frenette, L., Dramé, M., Madariaga, M. G., Innis, B. L., Godeaux, O., Izurieta, P., & Vaughn, D. W. (2014) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiu548 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Ciabattini, A., Pettini, E., Fiorino, F., Lucchesi, S., Pastore, G., Brunetti, J., Santoro, F., Andersen, P. L., Bracci, L., Pozzi, G., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00380 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationMedaglini, D., de Azero, M. R., Leroy, O. Y., et al. (2018) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.11.069 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationConfounding in evaluating the effectiveness of influenza vaccine
Mori, M., Oura, A., Ohnishi, H., et al. (2008) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.06.040 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Prota, G., Christensen, D., Andersen, P. L., Medaglini, D., & Ciabattini, A. (2015) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.024 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationMetabolic disorders: how can systems modelling help?
Sansom, C., Castiglione, F., & Lió, P. (2016) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(16)00047-4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Safety and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 Vaccine in Older Adults
Anderson, E. J., Rouphael, N. G., Widge, A. T., Jackson, L. A., Roberts, P. C., Makhene, M., Chappell, J. D., Denison, M. R., Stevens, L. J., Pruijssers, A. J., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2028436 · Cited by 1,523 · see citing works
Durability of mRNA-1273 vaccine–induced antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants
Pegu, A., O’Connell, S. E., Schmidt, S. D., O’Dell, S., Talana, C. A., Lai, L., Albert, J., Anderson, E., Bennett, H., Corbett, K. S., et al. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abj4176 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Immunosenescence and inflammaging in the aging process: age-related diseases or longevity?
Santoro, A., Bientinesi, E., & Monti, D. (2021) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101422 · Cited by 603 · see citing works
A human circulating immune cell landscape in aging and COVID-19
Zheng, Y., Liu, X., Le, W., Xie, L., Li, H., Wen, W., Wang, S., Ma, S., Huang, Z., Ye, J., et al. (2020) · Protein & Cell · doi:10.1007/s13238-020-00762-2 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Aliprantis, A. O., Shaw, C. A., Griffin, P., Farinola, N., Railkar, R. A., Cao, X., Liu, W., Sachs, J. R., Swenson, C. J., Lee, H., et al. (2021) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1829899 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
The Impact of Immune System Aging on Infectious Diseases
Quiros-Roldan, E., Sottini, A., Natali, P. G., & Imberti, L. (2024) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms12040775 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
“These advances, which incorporate immunobiography information with clinical, immunological and omics data, could allow stratifying subgroups of subjects and to identify those markers that could lead to the rational development of vaccines specifically designed for older adults [253,254].”
Chambers, E. S., Vukmanovic-Stejic, M., Shih, B. B., Trahair, H., Subramanian, P., Devine, O. P., Glanville, J., Gilroy, D., Rustin, M. H. A., Freeman, T. C., et al. (2021) · Nature Aging · doi:10.1038/s43587-020-00010-6 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Can blocking inflammation enhance immunity during aging?
Chambers, E. S., & Akbar, A. N. (2020) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.03.016 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
The dark side of Tregs during aging
Palatella, M., Guillaume, S. M., Linterman, M. A., & Huehn, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.940705 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ciabattini, A., Nardini, C., Santoro, F., Garagnani, P., Franceschi, C., & Medaglini, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Siena (IT)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Franceschi, Claudio
- Medaglini, Donata
- ORCID
- Venue
- Seminars in Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-12
- Volume
- 40
- Pages
- 83-94
- ISSN
- 1044-5323 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2903322118
- Cited by
- 411
- References
- 152
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 20
- FWCI
- 3.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Seminars in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- Use Siena air (University of Siena) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Commission of the European Communities, Seventh Framework Programme (HEALTH-2011-280873)
- Advanced Immunization Technologies (602757)
- Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (634821)
- Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio delle Province Lombarde (2015–0564)
- Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (074-02-2018-33)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- immunosenescence, inflammaging, vaccine response, influenza vaccination, pneumococcal vaccination, age-related diseases, systems biology
- MeSH terms
- Immunosenescence, Aged, Aging, Animals, Humans, Inflammation, Vaccination, Systems Biology, Precision Medicine, Datasets as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review