Cited by 519Soil Carbon and Nitrogen DynamicsAgricultural Science and FertilizationPhosphorus and nutrient management

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Biochemical cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus in biochar-amended soils

Gul, Shamim, Whalen, Joann K.·2016·Soil Biology and Biochemistry

DOI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.08.001

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Abstract

There is global interest in understanding the prospects for biochar application to agricultural soils. If biochar enhances the availability of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to crops, this could be pivotal in reducing N and P fertilizer inputs to agricultural soils. This review evaluates the soil biochemical cycling of N and P as influenced by biochars with diverse characteristics, and describes the consequences for plant nutrition with respect to the N use efficiency (NUE) and P use efficiency (PUE) of crops grown in biochar-amended soils. Fundamentally, biochar can alter microbial-mediated reactions in the soil N and P cycles, i.e. N2 fixation, mineralization of N and P, nitrification, ammonia volatilization and denitrification. As well, biochar provides reactive surfaces where N and P ions are retained in soil microbial biomass and in exchange sites, both of which modulate N and P availability to crops. Distinctions must be made between biochars derived from manure- and crop residue-based feedstocks versus biochars derived from ligno-cellulosic feedstock, as well as biochars produced at a lower production temperature (<400 °C) versus biochars generated at a higher production temperature (≥600 °C). These factors determine the nutrient retention capacity of biochars when they are applied to soil. For example, low bioavailable N and P concentrations are expected when coarse-textured soil is amended with biochar having a high surface area, necessitating fertilizer application to avoid N and P deficiencies in the crop. Since the biochemical cycling of N and P in biochar-amended soil is affected strongly by biochar × soil interactions, detailed assessment of biochar-induced changes in soil physico-chemical properties and biological processes may improve predictions of how diverse biochars will affect soil fertility and crop nutrition under site-specific conditions.

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Biochar application to low fertility soils: A review of current status, and future prospects
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Authors: Gul, S., & Whalen, J. K.
Affiliations: University of Balochistan (PK)
Collège MacDonald (CA)
Corresponding author: Whalen, Joann K.
ORCID: Gul, Shamim
Whalen, Joann K.
Venue: Soil Biology and Biochemistry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2016-12
Volume: 103
Pages: 1-15
ISSN: 0038-0717 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.08.001
OpenAlex: W2508171847
Semantic Scholar: 778c7112cbf4252135c14f6de5a73291b88fab55
Cited by: 519
References: 152
Citations by year: 2026: 40 · 2025: 63 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 83 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 22
FWCI: 39.31
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Soil Biology and Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
Funders: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (2383823-10)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Agricultural Science and Fertilization
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Phosphorus and nutrient management
Keywords: biochar, nitrogen cycling, phosphorus cycling, biochar-amended soil, nitrogen use efficiency, phosphorus use efficiency, nitrogen fixation, nitrification, ammonia volatilization, denitrification, nutrient mineralization, nutrient retention, biochar feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, soil fertility, crop nutrition

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Biochemical cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus in biochar-amended soils

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